Effect of rare earth cerium on the impact toughness,corrosion and wear resistance of CrNiMnMo alloyed lining steel

The effects of the addition of rare earth cerium on the impact corrosion and wear resistance of CrNiMnMo alloyed lining steel were studied using metallurgical microscopy, scanning electron microscope, x-ray powder diffraction, a hardness tester, an impact tester, and an impact corrosion abrasion tester. The properties of CrNiMnMo alloyed lining steel with the addition of cerium were compared with that of CrNiMnMo steel without the addition of cerium after being heat treated by same processes. The results show that CrNiMnMo alloyed lining steel with the addition of rare earth cerium consisted of lath martensite with a low residual austenite phase after being quenched and tempered. The lath of the martensite was fine and uniform. The impact toughness and the corrosion resistance of the steel lining board improved greatly with the addition of cerium and the impact toughness increased by 22 % with the fracture mode of being ductile. The CrNiMnMo alloyed lining steel with cerium showed the highest resistance to impact corrosion abrasion compared with the alloy without cerium.     

Tribological behavior of sintered electrolytic iron-zinc stearate added compacts

Powder metallurgy is an effective method to give near net shape to powder particles. In this paper, the influence of powder particle size, lubricant and compaction load on hardness and wear loss has been investigated as it influences the compact. Electrolytic iron powder (250 mesh to 300 mesh and 300 mesh to 350 mesh) with zinc stearate (0 weight % to 2 weight %) was used for preparing the samples. Green samples were prepared by cold compaction process at different loads (400 kN, 450 kN and 500 kN). Pre-sintering was done at 550 °C. Taguchi′s (L₁₈) mixed level model was used to develop the regression equation for hardness and wear loss. The maximum hardness of 79 HRB was achieved with 300 mesh to 350 mesh particle size and 500 kN compaction load. Minimum wear volume loss was observed with samples having composition of 250 mesh to 300 mesh size electrolytic iron powder at 500 kN compaction load and 1 weight % lubricant content.     

A Study on Wear Failure Analysis of Tungsten Carbide Hardfacing on Carbon Steel Blade in a Digester Tank

This paper addresses wear failure analysis of tungsten carbide (WC) hardfacing on a carbon steel blade known as the continuous digester blade (CD blade). The CD blade was placed in a digester tank to mix ilmenite ore with sulphuric acid as part of a production process. Tungsten carbide hardfacing was applied on the CD blade to improve its wear resistance while the CD blade was exposed to an abrasive and acidic environment. Failure analysis was carried out on the hardfaced CD blade in order to improve its wear resistance and lifetime. A thickness and hardness comparison study was conducted on worn and unworn specimens from the CD blades. The carbide distribution along with elemental composition analysis of the hardfaced CD blade specimens was examined using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The investigation revealed that an inconsistent hardfacing thickness was welded around the CD blade. Minimum coating thickness was found at the edges of the blade surfaces causing failure to the blades as the bare carbon steel blades were exposed to the mixed environment. The wear resistance of the CD blade can be improved by distributing the carbide uniformly on the hardfaced coating. Applying extra coating coverage at the critical edge will prevent the exposure of bare carbon steel blade, thus increasing the CD blade lifetime.     

Investigation of three-body wear behavior and hardness of experimental titanium alloys for dental applications in oral environment

The aim of this study was to investigate the three-body wear resistance and hardness of commercially pure titanium and titanium alloys containing zirconium and tantalum (cp-Ti, Ti-5Zr and Ti-5Ta). Each titanium test group, were subjected to wear tests under 10⁵ wear cycles, 50 N mechanical force, 2.0 Hz wear frequency, 6 mm diameter Al₂O₃ antagonist ball, 5 °C/55 °C thermal change conditions immersed in poppy seed slurry as third-body medium. The mean wear volume loss and depth of all test specimens after the three-body wear tests was determined with use non-contact 3D profilometer and also Vicker's hardness was measured. Wear area of microstructures were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The hardness of Ti-5Zr material was significantly greater than the other alloy material and cp-Ti. However, for the test materials in this study considered, correlations between the three-body wear resistance and hardness were found to be insignificant. It was concluded, the three-body wear resistance of the alloy formed with the adding of zirconium and tantalum to the pure titanium is increased after wear tests.     

GCr15钢旋片式助力泵泵体磨损失效分析

某GCr15钢旋片式助力泵泵体内环面在安装使用后短期内出现较多的断续磨痕,发生磨损失效;采用化学成分分析、金相检验和扫描电镜及能谱分析等方法,对泵体的磨损失效原因进行了分析。结果表明:由于该助力泵叶片在装配工序中装配精度不足,直接影响到叶片与泵体的配合精度,使叶片在高速旋转过程中,与泵体表面发生严重的塑性变形,产生粘着磨损。     

Microstructure,mechanical and erosion wear analysis of post heat treated iron alloy based coating with varying chromium

The present work focuses on the effect of annealing heat treatment on the microstructure, mechanical and erosion properties of iron alloy based coatings with varying chromium content. High velocity oxygen fuel coating method was used to deposit the coating over the substrate material 316 L stainless steel. The study was done in terms of microstructural analysis using x-ray diffractometer, surface and cross-sectional morphology using field emission scanning electron microscope, mechanical and erosion wear analysis. It was found that x-ray diffractometer indicated presence of less amount of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and silicon dioxide (SiO₂) after heat treatment. However, the peaks of hardened phase of diironylidenetitanium (Fe₂Ti) and iron-chromium (Fe−Cr) was increased. Addition of chromium up to 10 wt. % improved the hardness and adhesion pull of strength by 16 % and 62 % respectively. On the other side heat treatment of iron alloy based coating having 10 wt. % chromium increased the hardness and adhesion pull off strength by 17.3 % and 35 % respectively. The erosion wear rate was also decreased with the annealing process. The study shows that the annealing process increases hardness and adhesion pull off strength but decreases porosity and erosion wear rate.     

Wear behavior of laser metal deposited 17-4 PH SS-W composite at varied tungsten powder flow rate

This research studies the wear behavior of laser metal deposition of 17-4 PH SS-W composite using a 6 mm alumina-stainless steel ball under a load of 10 N, for 16 minutes, 40 seconds and with acquisition rate of 100 Hz conducted at 25 °C. The effect of laser power of between 2600 W and 1500 W; and powder flow rate of between 0.5 min⁻¹ and 2.0 min⁻¹ on wear resistance is investigated. Other processing parameters are constant throughout the experiments. The results show that the 17-4 PH SS-W composite produced at a high laser power of 2600 W exhibits a higher wear resistance as compared to the 17-4 PH SS-W composite samples produced at low laser power of 1500 W. The 17-4 PH SS-W composite sample produced at high laser power of 2600 W with tungsten powder flow rate of 2.0 min⁻¹ has the highest wear resistance with wear volume of 0.0276 mm³ and wear rate of 8.8 ⋅ 10⁻⁵ mm³/N m while the 17-4 PH SS-W composite sample produced at a low laser power of 1500 W with tungsten powder flow rate of 1.0 min⁻¹ has the wear volume of 0.02834 mm³ and wear rate of 9.0 ⋅ 10⁻⁵ mm³/N m.     

Initial wear characteristics of aging-treated ZG120Mn13 steel under steel shot at high-velocity impact

The initial wear of high manganese steel parts in practical use is related to their original hardness, external loading, surface machining accuracy, and the change of shape and dimension. The paper studies the size and coverage percentage of impact scars on the ZG120Mn13 high carbon high manganese steel surface, as well as the variation of weight loss under high-velocity steel shot by changing aging treatment process. Meanwhile, the relationship between the hardness of aging ZG120Mn13 steel and its initial wear characteristics is discussed. The results show that after 5 seconds, the size and coverage percentage decreased with the increment of hardness. However, in any different period, the wear mass losses of the steel increase with increment of hardness, and increase rapidly first, then slowly. Therefore, under high-velocity impact loading, the increment of hardness is beneficial to improving initial wear-resistance from the perspective of the deformation, but is conducive to improving the resistance from the mass loss. Consequently, we should not only emphasize the high hardness merely, but also consider the changing law of weight loss and initial deformation comprehensively, so that we can achieve the best initial wear resistance when the high manganese steel has the appropriate hardness.     

Laser cladding nickel-titanium carbide composite coating on a 45 carbon steel: Preparation,microstructure and wear behavior

Almost fully dense nickel-titanium carbide composite coatings with varied titanium carbide content were deposited on 45 carbon steel by laser cladding. High content of titanium carbide particles up to 50 wt.% with bimodal microstructure could be homogeneously distributed in the nickel based matrix. Due to the presence of the harder nickel-titanium carbide composite coating on the 45 carbon steel, the surface hardness and wear properties were significantly improved. The Vickers hardness (HV 3) increased from about 260 HV 3 for the 45 carbon steel to 300 HV 3 – 360 HV 3 for nickel based composite coating containing 30 wt.% titanium carbide and 550 HV 3 – 680 HV 3 for nickel based composite coating containing 50 wt.% titanium carbide composite coating, respectively. The coefficient of friction and volume wear rate was reduced down to 0.41×10⁻⁶ mm³ N⁻¹ m⁻¹ and 9.3×10⁻⁶ mm³ N⁻¹ ⋅ m⁻¹ when a nickel based composite coating containing 50 wt.% titanium carbide was coated on the 45 carbon steel, respectively. The enhanced wear performance of the composite coating was due to presence of harder nickel-titanium carbide composite coating and formation of varied soft and lubricant metal oxides consisting of mainly titanium oxides and minor iron and nickel oxides.     

旋耕刀表面强流脉冲电子束改性后的耐磨性研究

为了提高农机零部件的主要磨损部件旋耕刀的耐磨性,延长其使用寿命,采用强流脉冲电子束表面改性技术处理旋耕刀常用材料60Si2Mn钢表面.采用金相显微镜分析形貌,通过显微硬度对比和摩擦磨损分析处理表面的性能,优选加速电压,将其作为优化参数作用于旋耕刀表面,并在土槽台架模拟工况试验.结果表明:电子束表面改性技术可以有效提高旋耕刀的耐磨性,对侧刃内侧处理要优于对侧刃外侧的处理;加速电压为30 kV和27 kV时,旋耕刀表面耐磨性较优,前者的磨损量较小.     

CrNi3MoVA钢表面电火花沉积NiCrAlY涂层的高速摩擦磨损性能

采用电火花表面沉积技术,在CrNi3MoVA钢表面沉积NiCrAIY涂层.利用纳米压痕仪和摩擦磨损试验机分别测试了CrNi3MoVA钢和NiCrAlY涂层的硬度、弹性模量和摩擦系数,并用SEM和EDS研究了磨损前后的形貌和成分.结果表明电火花沉积NiCrAlY涂层包含β-NiA1和γ-Ni两相,涂层是由柱状晶组成的微晶涂层;NiCrAlY涂层的硬度较CrNi3MoVA钢提高了22％,而弹性模量较CrNi3MoVA钢降低了21％;当摩擦副为淬火G15钢球,加载量为10 N,往复行程为10 mm,往复速率为600 r/min时,CrNi3MoVA钢平稳摩擦系数为0.65—0.75,而NiCrAIY涂层平稳摩擦系数为0.45～0.55,CrNi3MoVA钢表面沉积NiCrAlY涂层对其具有明显的减摩耐磨作用,涂层表面较高的硬度和高速摩擦中形成的粘附力强的薄氧化物层是其耐磨的主要原因;CrNi3MoVA钢的磨损机制主要为粘着磨损,而NiCrAlY涂层为微切削磨料磨损.     

JT9D—7R4G2型发动机八级压气机盘及叶片失效原因分析

通过对失效的第八级压气机盘和叶片观察和金相分析，探讨了该失效件断裂的原因。结果表明，微动磨损引起疲劳断裂。     

Surface modification of electric hair clipper blade for increasing its lifetime

Making the angle of a hair clipper blade edge acute improves its cutting ability but causes the edge to be susceptible to wear, resulting in decreased cutting service life. An enhancement of blade edge hardness of hair clippers by various surface modifications has been studied to increase their wear resistance. Ion nitriding method formed a thick nitrided layer on the mother material surface. PVD and CVD methods formed a fine and thin hard coating at relatively low temperatures. In this study, surface modification by ion plating and plasma CVD methods was carried out to improve the cutting edge qualities of 45° angle blades, material which is used is hardened SUS420J2Mo. The effectiveness was verified by cutting performance lifetime test using artificial hair. It enhanced the cutting performance lifetime of clipper blades more than four times.     

Effect of process parameters and niobium carbide addition on microstructure and wear resistance of laser cladding nickel-based alloy coatings

Based on the background of the engineering application of automobile mold repair and surface strengthening, the effects of process parameters on the formation and microstructure of laser cladding nickel(Ni)-based alloy coating were studied. The optimal parameters were: laser power 2000 W, powder feeding rate 15 g/min, scanning speed 4 mm/s. Under this process, the cladding layer and the substrate can exhibit good metallurgical bonding, and the cladding layer has fine crystal grains and a low dilution ratio. On this basis, different mass fractions of niobium carbide (NbC) powder were added to the nickel-based powder and laser cladding was carried out on the surface of die steel. The phase composition, microstructure, hardness and wear resistance of the coating were studied. The results show that with the increasing of niobium carbide addition, the hardness of the cladding layer decreases, and the wear loss of the cladding layer decreases first and then increases. When the niobium carbide addition reaches 6 wt.%, the wear loss of the cladding layer is the least, and the wear resistance is the best.     

Different reinforcement strategies of hybrid surface composite AA6061/(B4C+MoS2) produced by friction stir processing

Aluminum surface composites have gained huge importance in material processing due to their noble tribological characteristics. The reinforcement of solid lubricant particles with hard ceramics further enriches the tribological characteristics of surface composites. In the current study, friction stir processing was chosen to synthesize hybrid surface composites of aluminum containing B₄C and MoS₂ particles with anticipated improved tribological behavior. B₄C and MoS₂ powder particles in 87.5: 12.5 ratio were reinforced into the AA6061 by hole and groove method. Microstructural observations indicated that reinforcement particles are well distributed in the matrix. The hardness and wear resistance of hybrid surface composites improved as compared to the base material, due to well distributed abrasive B₄C and solid lubricant MoS₂ particles in AA6061. The hybrid surface composites achieved ∼32 % increased average hardness as compared to the base material. Hole method revealed ∼13 % better wear resistance compared to the groove method for friction stir processed hybrid surface composite, attributing to an improved homogeneity of particle distribution shown by zigzag hole pattern. Moreover, friction stir processed AA6061 without reinforcement particles exhibited reduced hardness and wear resistance due to loss of strengthening precipitates during multi-pass friction stir processing.     

差速器磨损原因分析

某汽车上的差速器定位销断裂,齿轮轴轴向移出,对定位销的断口形貌进行了分析,对齿轮轴和齿轮进行了磨损、硬度和金相组织分析,发现齿轮轴与齿轮组成的摩擦副由于进入异物,破坏油膜润滑,发生了磨粒磨损、疲劳磨损和粘着磨损,导致了定位销断裂。     

航空叶片模具设计参数对模具磨损影响分析

为解决航空叶片精锻模具磨损严重,设计参数确定困难等问题,本文在分析模具设计过程和锻造工艺的基础上,基于Archard摩擦理论,借助有限元分析软件对不同设计参数的叶片模具的精锻成形过程进行了模拟仿真,运用正交试验设计方法分析了模具成形角度、桥部厚度、桥部宽度对叶片成形力和模具磨损的影响,得出了有益于叶片成形和减小模具磨损的最优化组合设计参数,并对该参数的计算方法进行了改进,简化了计算过程且参数计算更加精确;最后,通过工程实例对上述过程进行了验证,其实验结果与仿真结果的一致性较好,减小了模具磨损,提高了叶片模具设计效率.     

690合金在去离子水和干态下的微幅冲击磨损行为研究

在小载荷冲击实验台上,通过改造夹具,实现了管/平面接触方式,以模拟蒸汽发生器中传热管与抗震条发生的微幅冲击磨损。以690合金传热管和405不锈钢为试验材料,在不同的冲击载荷和润滑条件(干态与去离子水中)下进行了微幅冲击磨损试验,通过分析磨痕面积、微观形貌、断口形貌和磨损区硬度等,探讨了690合金受微幅冲击磨损和失效机理。研究结果表明:在干态环境下,小载荷时690合金的磨损机制主要为氧化和剥落。随着载荷的增大,其损伤机制为氧化磨损和疲劳磨损;在去离子水环境条件下,小载荷时,损伤轻微;随着载荷的增大,其损伤机制为疲劳磨损。水介质显著的延缓了材料的开裂时间。     

Erosion-fatigue of steam turbine blades

The premature failure of steam turbine rotor blades, manufactured in forged 12% Cr–NiMoV martensitic stainless steel, was investigated using visual inspection, non-destructive testing, macro and microfractography, microstructural characterization, EDS microanalysis, chemical analysis, micro hardness and tensile testing. The blades belonged to the last stage of a thermoelectric plant steam turbine generator (140 MV A). The results indicated that the failure of the blades was promoted by foreign-particle erosion, which attacked preferentially the low-pressure side of the lower trailing edge of the blades. The resulting wear grooves acted as stress raisers and promoted the nucleation of fatigue cracks, which probably grew during the transition events of the steam turbine operation. Finally, water drop erosion was observed on the blade upper leading edge (low-pressure side).     

Effect of tempering temperature on microstructure and properties of aluminium-bearing high boron high speed steel

Heat treatment is of great significance to the performance improvement of high speed steel. Via heat treatment, the microstructure of high speed steel can be improved, thus greatly improving the material performance. The effect of tempering temperature on the microstructure of aluminium-bearing high boron high speed steel (AB-HSS) was investigated by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The hardness and wear resistance of the alloy at different tempering temperatures were tested by Rockwell hardness tester, micro-hardness tester and wear tester. The experimental results indicate that the tempering microstructure of aluminium-bearing high boron high speed steel consists of α-Fe, M₂B and a few of M₂₃(C, B)₆. Tempering temperature could greatly affect the wear resistance of materials. With the increase of tempering temperature, the wear resistance of aluminium-bearing high boron high speed steel firstly increase and then decrease. The alloy tempered at 450 °C has the best wear resistance and minimum wear weight loss. This study provides a reference for the formulation of heat treatment process of aluminium-bearing high boron high speed steel.