烧成条件对树脂结合剂金刚石砂轮的影响

本实验研究的是树脂结合剂(热硬性酚醛树脂)金刚石砂轮烧成时升温时间及升温速度与烧成效果的关系,并进行了磨削对比试验,由此求出能获得最佳磨削性能的烧成条件。 材料与方法 1.材料 试验是用七种砂轮对一种硬质合金进行对比磨削试验。砂轮按图1所示的温度——时间关系烧制,然后保温一定时间,此时,温度为168℃。     

钢轨打磨用复合砂轮磨削温度场的研究

为研究钢轨打磨用钎焊金刚石插片复合砂轮磨削时的温度场,用复合砂轮和树脂锆刚玉砂轮在不同压力下磨削65Mn钢工件,并对比其磨削温度。基于试验数据,用有限元法分析复合砂轮磨削钢轨时的温度场。结果表明:随着磨削压力的增大,砂轮产热增大,但复合砂轮磨削产热相对较小。相对于相同条件下用树脂砂轮打磨时,用复合砂轮打磨钢轨时的磨削表面最高温度降低近10%。      

精磨玻璃t-BMI金刚石砂轮的研究

提高砂轮寿命和磨削效果是树脂结合剂金刚石砂轮制造研究的关键问题、本课题采用烯丙基、环氧树脂及丁晴橡胶对双马来酰亚胺树脂改性增韧，得到了具有耐热温度较高，韧性良好，成型工艺性能稳定等特点的增韧双马来酰亚胺(t—BMI)热固性树脂；用该结合剂研制出的玻璃磨边机专用t—BMI金刚石精磨砂轮磨削效果好，砂轮使用寿命长，能消除磨削时的玻璃崩边现象，明显提高玻璃的表面质量，可替代直边机或斜边机上的同类进口砂轮。     

纳米微囊砂轮磨削工件表面自润滑层的形成

在磨削时磨削液难以有效渗入磨削区域起冷却润滑作用。提出利用润滑剂油酸（OA）填充碳纳米管（CNTs）制备 CNTs@OA 纳米微囊,并以其为填充剂制备树脂砂轮,磨削时随着纳米微囊的破裂,油酸可释放到磨削区形成自润滑层起润滑作用,从而提高砂轮的磨削性能。首先,制备纳米微囊并对其进行表征,分析微囊在砂轮中的存在形式,考察微囊的填充对其力学性能的影响;其次,研究砂轮磨削 GCr15 钢时纳米微囊的含量和磨削速度对磨削力、磨削温度、磨削比和表面粗糙度的影响,分析磨削过程中纳米微囊释放润滑剂油酸并产生自润滑作用的机制。结果表明,纳米微囊具有较好的热稳定性, 能够抵抗树脂砂轮的固化温度并保护其中的油酸,当微囊的填充量小于 16%时,砂轮的力学性能可以满足使用需求。与普通砂轮比,纳米微囊砂轮磨削时的磨削力可减小 40%,磨削温度降低 45%,工件表面粗糙度减少 15%,磨削比可提高 30%。磨削过程中,砂轮中的纳米微囊可将其空腔中的润滑剂油酸不断被释放到磨削界面上形成自润滑层,使砂轮具有了较好的自润滑作用,从而提高了其磨削性能。研究成果可为解决磨削过程的润滑问题提供一种可行的技术路线。     

静电喷涂涂层砂轮磨削钛合金工件温度研究

针对钛合金材料难磨削加工的特点,设计了一种静电喷涂砂轮涂层系统和实验砂轮,完成了干式磨削钛合金的实验,分析了不同磨削条件对磨削温度的影响规律。研究表明:采用静电喷涂固体润滑剂涂层砂轮磨削加工钛合金,在同样的加工条件下,磨削深度为0.2 mm时,未涂层砂轮磨削温度接近900℃,涂层砂轮磨削温度不超过600℃。固体粉末静电喷涂润滑砂轮涂层可有效降低磨削温度。      

磁控微粉砂轮固化工艺对砂轮磨削性能的影响

目的研究砂轮在固化过程中,固化温度和固化时间对砂轮磨削性能的影响。方法通过测试两种固化工艺制备的砂轮的抗压强度、硬度以及其加工硬质合金YG8的磨削比、表面粗糙度、加工非球面的形状精度随固化温度的变化,来评价固化温度对磁控微粉砂轮磨削性能的影响。结果砂轮的磨削性能与其固化温度、时间有直接关系。磨削比随着固化保温时间的增长呈先增长后下降的趋势。固化温度决定砂轮固化速率和砂轮对过度固化的敏感程度,170℃固化能使砂轮在较短时间达到最佳磨削性能,但是固化时间超过8 h时,其性能会迅速衰减。130℃固化有利于防止砂轮过度固化而造成性能急剧降低。通过对固化工艺的研究,170℃/5 h+130℃/5 h固化工艺下制备的砂轮磨削性能最佳,该砂轮磨削YG8得到最佳的面形精度为365 nm,最佳表面粗糙度为3 nm。结论砂轮在固化过程中,固化温度与固化时间直接影响树脂的固化反应速率与固化程度,通过对固化工艺的实验研究,在本实验条件下得到了最优的固化工艺参数。     

树脂砂轮硬化工艺与酚醛树脂液使用妙招

酚醛树脂作为砂轮的结合剂在硬化过程中对于硬化温度和硬化时间的选择，常存在一些令人头痛的问题，对于此问题，我们提请用户在选择使用树脂液时要特别注意树脂液的粘度、固体含量、游离酚等指标。采用不同质量的树脂液，砂轮的强度将有很大差别。选择质地优良、价格低的结合剂，如2124-1型液体酚醛树脂，在硬化过程中，温度在110—120℃时，其水份的蒸发量会很大，同时会有游离酚、游离醛等有害气体挥发，故在110—120℃完全蒸发和挥发对固结、热固成型很重要，一定要注意在此温度下的保温时间，一般应在4小时左右，使大量水份和游离酚、游离醛等低挥发物质充分排出。     

关于普通砂轮与cBN砂轮加工工件时的温度实验

在许多磨削应用领域,磨削速度取决于温度效应,例如：表面烧伤、残余应力、微裂纹等。热损伤是常见的影响生产力因素之一,由于价格优势,在加工过程中大量使用普通砂轮。与普通砂轮相比,cBN砂轮具有良好的热传导性能,它的磨削速度更快,消除了影响生产力的顾虑。本文研究了使用普通砂轮和cBN砂轮加工型号为52100钢时表面的最高温度。此实验在干磨和湿磨的条件下进行。     

陶瓷-金属结合剂CBN结块的研制及其性能研究

目前钢轨打磨使用的主要是树脂砂轮,具有材料去除率低、磨削温度高等问题。因此,利用钎焊超硬磨料技术研制新型陶瓷-金属结合剂CBN磨具,并对比陶瓷-金属CBN结块和树脂锆刚玉结块在相同条件下的磨削性能,如材料去除率、磨屑分布和磨削温度等。试验结果表明:相比于树脂锆刚玉结块,陶瓷-金属结合剂CBN结块的材料去除率可提高124%,磨削温度峰值可降低15～50 ℃。      

氮化硅陶瓷磨削热特性与表面成形机制

目的探究氮化硅陶瓷磨削热特性与热特性对表面成形的影响。方法首先,通过反求法得出传入工件、磨屑与砂轮的热量分配比公式;其次,使用K型热电偶和测力仪得到磨削参数与磨削区温度和热量分配比的关系;最后,通过对磨削表面形貌和粗糙度的检测寻找出最优磨削质量时的温度范围。结果砂轮线速度由25 m/s增加到50 m/s时,磨削温度由256℃增加到819℃,传入砂轮、工件与磨屑的热量分配比分别由82.4%减小到64.4%、12.1%增加到24.3%、5.5%增加到11.3%。磨削深度由5μm增加至30μm时,磨削温度由289℃增加到869℃,传入砂轮、工件与磨屑的热量分配比分别由76.1%减小到53.9%、17.3%增加到30.3%、6.6%增加到15.8%。工件进给速度由2000 mm/min增加到7000 mm/min时,磨削温度由772℃减小到513℃,传入砂轮、工件与磨屑的热量分配比分别由71.1%增加到78.3%、21.1%减小到11.7%、5.8%增大至10.1%。随着磨削温度由256℃增加到869℃时,表面粗糙度先由0.2708μm减小到0.2472μm,后增加至0.3182μm。采用定速比磨削可使磨削温度降低25～127℃,减少传入工件的热量分配比。结论适当的高温有利于表面塑性变形的形成,表面质量提高,但温度过高时会形成热裂纹,温度在489～662℃之间,表面质量最好。在提高砂轮线速度的同时,可适当增加进给速度,以达到降低磨削温度,减少传入工件热量与增加磨削效率的目的。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.