有机朗肯循环技术在低品位余热发电系统中的应用

介绍了有机朗肯循环(ORC)技术的原理和特征,阐述回收低品位余热进行发电的ORC技术在国内外的发展现状与趋势,并以有色金属工业中电解铝工艺环节余热回收为例说明ORC发电系统主要部件的设计选型思路。     

Proposal and characteristics evaluation of a CO2-recovering hybrid power generation system utilizing solar thermal energy

A CO₂-recovering hybrid power generation system utilizing solar thermal energy is proposed. In the system, relatively low temperature saturated steam around 220°C is produced by using solar thermal energy and is utilized as the working fluid of a gas turbine in which generated CO₂ is recovered based on the oxygen combustion method. Hence, solar thermal utilization efficiency is considerably higher as compared with that of conventional solar thermal power plants in which superheated steam near 400°C must be produced for use as the working fluid of steam turbines; the requirement for solar radiation in the location in which the system is constructed can be significantly relaxed. The proposed system is a hybrid energy system using both the fossil fuel and solar thermal energy, thus the capacity factor of the system becomes very high. The fuel can be used exergetically in the system; i.e., it can be utilized for raising the temperature of the steam heated by utilizing the turbine exhaust gas more than 1000°C. The generated CO₂ can be recovered by using an oxygen combustion method, so that a high CO₂ capturing ratio of near 100 percent as well as no thermal NO_x emission characteristics can be attained. It has been shown through simulation study that the proposed system has a net power generation efficiency of 63.4 percent, which is higher than 45.7 percent as compared with that of the conventional power plant with 43.5 percent efficiency, when the amount of utilized solar energy is neglected and the temperature of the saturated steam is 220°C.     

汽车尾气的余热发电及有效利用

基于热电偶温差发电原理,对汽车尾气废热进行回收,将排气中所含低品位能源转换为电能;为了使电能充分利用,结合热电制冷原理,设计一车载冰箱,将冷端置于车载冰箱中,实现汽车冰箱冷冻冷藏的功能。通过对废热回收、温差发电、半导体制冷及冰箱结构进行设计和计算,完成了新型车载冰箱的设计工作。该设计具有结构简单、坚固耐用、无运动部件、无噪声、使用寿命长等优点,同时还可降低尾气废气温度,减少温室效应,节省能耗,提高汽车经济性。     

发电行业的节能与节电

电力行业由于自身特点,总体能效的提高涉及生产、供应和使用各个方面。发电侧在完成能源转换的同时,也是自身消耗能源较大的行业,需求侧管理的开展对发电侧能效的提高也有积极的影响。简要介绍了我国发电行业节能节电的成绩,提出了主要目标和技术政策建议。     

An experimental study of the characteristics of a Darrieus turbine for tidal power generation

The Darrieus turbine was initially developed for wind turbines. An example of its application to water turbines is found in the Darrieus turbine installed in a duct for low head power generation, but no example is known of its application in a natural water channel. The authors have developed a Darrieus turbine that is suitable for tidal current power generation with the aim of establishing tidal current power generation technology through demonstrations in test channels and oceans. The efficiency of tidal current power generation is influenced by the characteristics of the turbine. The characteristics of the Darrieus turbine are mainly affected by the solidity and the number of blades. The Darrieus turbine was tested in test channels to find the most suitable values for the rotor solidity and the number of blades. This paper describes and examines those test results. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 132(3): 38–47, 2000     

节能发电调度计划生成系统的研究开发及应用

对节能发电调度工作背景进行详细描述,进一步介绍了贵州节能发电调度工作一年来的技术成果,着重介绍了计划生成系统的结构,功能,特点,算法及应用等,进而介绍了贵州实施节能发电工作的效益进行分析。对节能发电调度工作面临的难题进行了介绍,以及贵州节能发电调度的工作重点。     

Characteristics and economic evaluation of a CO2‐capturing solar thermal hybrid power generation system with heat storage

For wide use of a power plant utilizing solar energy, improvement of its economics is important. Both the economics and characteristics of a CO₂‐capturing solar thermal hybrid power generation system are evaluated in this paper. Since a relatively low temperature steam of 220 °C is produced by using solar thermal energy and is utilized as the working fluid of a gas turbine, the solar collector can attain high heat collecting efficiency. The net fuel‐to‐electricity conversion efficiency of the hybrid system is estimated to be higher than 60% on the lower‐heating‐value‐ basis. It has been estimated that the gross income and the period of depreciation of the proposed system are 34.8 × 10⁵ yen/year and 8.89 years, respectively, and that the system is economically feasible, under the assumptions of a solar collector area of 10 ha, a maximum net power output of 4 MW, and a heat storage capacity of 2000 m³. The amount of fuel saving and reduction of CO₂ emission of our system, compared to a conventional natural gas firing plant, are also estimated in the paper. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 126(4): 21–29, 1999     

风力发电无功补偿技术及发展趋势

阐述风力发电及其无功补偿的重要意义,探讨常见的风力发电无功补偿的方法,展望风力发电无功补偿技术的发展趋势,提出合理投切并联电容器的补偿方式。     

Proposal and evaluation of a gas engine and gas turbine hybrid cogeneration system in which cascaded heat is highly utilized

A high‐efficiency cogeneration system (CGS) is proposed for utilizing high‐temperature exhaust gas (HTEG) from a gas engine (GE). In the proposed system, for making use of heat energy of HTEG, H₂O turbine (HTb) is incorporated and steam produced by utilizing HTEG is used as working fluid of HTb. HTb exhaust gas is also utilized for increasing power output and for satisfying heat demand in the proposed system. Both of the thermodynamic characteristics of the proposed system and a gas engine CGS (GE‐CGS) constructed by using the original GE are estimated. Energy saving characteristics and CO₂ reduction effects of the proposed CGS and the GE‐CGS are also investigated. It was estimated that the net generated power of the proposed CGS has been increased 25.5% and net power generation efficiency 6.7%, compared with the original GE‐CGS. It was also shown that the proposed CGS could save 27.0% of energy consumption and reduce 1137 t‐CO₂/y, 1.41 times larger than those of GE‐CGS, when a case study was set and investigated. Improvements of performance by increasing turbine inlet temperature were also investigated. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(3): 37– 45, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20708     

Compensation of power fluctuations of wind power generation by means of biomass gas turbine generator and flywheel energy storage equipment

Power generation using natural energy contains electric power fluctuations. Therefore, in order to put such power generation systems to practical use, compensation for system power fluctuations is needed. In this paper, we propose a power compensation method using a biomass gas turbine generator and flywheel energy storage equipment. The gas turbine generator is used for compensation of low‐frequency power fluctuations in order to decrease the required flywheel capacity. The usefulness of the proposed system is confirmed by experiments using a test plant. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 170(3): 1–8, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20896     

半导体温差发电技术应用及研究综述

半导体温差发电直接将热能转换为电能,具有无污染、结构紧凑、无旋转部件、无噪声、免维护等优点,是一种新型的节能环保发电技术,可将地热能、太阳能、工业及生活余热废热、汽车尾气废热等低品位热能转化为电能,提高能源利用率。介绍了半导体温差发电的原理、应用领域及研究状况,总结了半导体温差发电技术存在的问题,分析了提高半导体温差发电效率的关键技术及未来的研究方向。     

基于风光联合发电控制系统的研究与实现

随着科技的进步,分布式能源的利用已经逐渐成为能源产业的发展方向。通过综合分析风能与太阳能的不同特点,提出了基于风光联合发电的控制系统。以充电控制器作为主控制芯片对系统进行综合控制管理。提出了基于微电流的电压检测法来检测电压对本系统的影响。     

适用于电力系统稳定计算的水轮机调速系统模型研究

为满足电力系统稳定性仿真计算的需要,需建立符合并网运行水电机组实际的水轮机调速系统模型,通过水轮机调速系统理论建模研究,并以试验修正理论模型,建立了符合并网运行机组实际的适用于电力系统稳定分析计算用的水轮机调速系统模型。     

钢铁企业余热余能转换或替代电能的途径

钢铁企业是用能大户,利用余热余能技术发电或替代耗电设备可有效降低电能消耗,减少企业外购电能。余热余能转换成电能的主要途径有可燃废气通过燃烧发电,燃气—蒸汽联合循环发电,烧结余热发电,转炉轧钢加热炉发电等。替代电能的主要途径有汽轮机拖动风机旋转等。这些措施为钢铁企业实现节能降耗提供了有效途径。     

Evaluation of output and unit cost of power generation systems utilizing solar energy under various solar radiation conditions worldwide

Characteristics and economics of three power generation systems which utilize solar energy were investigated and compared for systems located in five different regions. The three systems investigated were a solar thermal system, a solar photovoltaic system, and a CO₂‐capturing hybrid power generation system utilizing solar thermal energy (referred to as the hybrid system) which has been proposed by the authors. The net generated power energy and the net exergetic efficiency of the hybrid system have been estimated to be larger and higher, respectively, than those of the others. Economic evaluation reveals that the unit cost of generated power energy of the solar thermal system changes most widely corresponding to the change in solar radiation condition and that the cost of the hybrid system changes the least. In general, the most economical system has been estimated to be the solar thermal system in a location which is superior in solar condition and to be the hybrid system in a not so good solar condition. The solar photovoltaic system has the possibility of being the most economical if its construction cost is greatly improved, though the hybrid system is still the most economical under considerably worse solar conditions such as in Osaka. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 127(3): 1–12, 1999     

热电联产燃气余热锅炉热效率分析

在环保和节能日益受到重视的背景下,研究影响燃气余热锅炉热效率和环保的工况点具有重要意义.文章以2台热电联产燃气余热锅炉为研究对象,在10种不同的工况下,研究锅炉热效率和烟气排放情况,分析了运行工况、热效率和烟气排放之间的关系,为提高燃气余热锅炉热效率和降低尾部烟气排放提供了指导.     

9F燃机电厂凝结水泵变频节能改造及效果分析

根据国内目前先进重型燃机电厂的实际改造要求,针对耗电量较大的凝结水泵进行变频节能改造,从改造原理、实际效果、节能收益等方面进行了介绍和说明。     

A CO2-recovering nonpolluting high-efficiency gas-turbine power-generation system utilizing saturated steam as its working gas

A carbon dioxide-recovering high-efficiency gas-turbine power-generation system is proposed in which carbon dioxide (CO₂) generated is recovered by adopting the oxygen (O₂) combustion method and no thermal nitrogen oxide is generated. In the system, saturated steam produced by utilizing waste heat is adopted as the working fluid of the gas turbine. Thus, the compressing process of the working fluid gas, which is the most energy-consuming process in generating power by using a gas turbine, is not needed. This makes the system extremely high efficient. By taking saturated steam of 210°C as an example, the characteristics of the system were simulated. The net exergetic efficiency of the system has been estimated to be 48.4 percent by considering both the exergy of the saturated steam and the electric power required not only to generate high-pressure oxygen, but also to liquefy the recovered CO₂. The value is higher than the exergetic efficiency 37.8 percent of large-scale thermal power generation plants using the same natural gas, and is 28.0 percent higher than its efficiency of 37.8 percent, the one estimated if the CO₂ generated is removed and recovered from the stack gas by using alkanolamine-based solvent and the recovered CO₂ is liquefied.     

望亭电厂2号燃机振动原因分析及其处理

分析了望亭电厂2号燃机1瓦启动阶段振动大以及6瓦振动信号出现毛刺的现象,并诊断了可能的故障原因.介绍对该机组进行大修检查所发现的问题和采取的措施,以及检修后所取得的良好效果.振动原因分析方法和检修更改措施对同类型机组有参考意义.     

Integrating distributed generation into electric power systems: A review of drivers,challenges and opportunities

It is now more than a decade since distributed generation (DG) began to excite major interest amongst electric power system planners and operators, energy policy makers and regulators as well as developers. This paper presents an overview of the key issues concerning the integration of distributed generation into electric power systems that are of most interest today. The main drivers behind the focus on DG integration, especially of the renewable type, in many countries around the world are discussed. A synopsis of the main challenges that must be overcome in the process is presented. Particular emphasis is placed on the need to move away from the fit and forget approach of connecting DG to electric power systems to a policy of integrating DG into power system planning and operation through active management of distribution networks and application of other novel concepts. The paper also analyses the repercussions in transmission system operation and expansion that result from the connection of large amounts of DG of different energy conversion systems focusing on issues related with impacts in steady state operation, contingency analysis, protection coordination as well as dynamic behaviour analysis. A discussion on the possibility of provision of ancillary services by DG is also included. Some results from studies performed in the interconnected Portuguese transmission system are presented and discussed. Some of the opportunities that could be exploited in support of the integration and hence greater penetration of DG into electric power systems are also explored.