共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
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利用混合炸药中TNT和RDX在溶剂中溶解度的差异,首先用甲苯萃取出梯黑铝炸药中的TNT,然后分别以丙酮和二甲基亚砜为溶剂,经萃取、冷却结晶,过滤得到RDX。用SEM和DSC对回收RDX进行形貌表征和热分析,用XRD对回收铝粉进行物相分析。结果表明,丙酮和二甲基亚砜中重结晶回收RDX的纯度分别为98.4%和97.8%,撞击感度分别为76%和84%,丙酮重结晶回收RDX晶体质量优于二甲基亚砜重结晶回收的RDX。回收RDX与原料RDX的特征温度基本相同,热安定性良好;回收的铝粉不含炸药,无明显氧化。 相似文献
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将RDX基铝纤维炸药和RDX基含铝炸药进行水下爆炸实验,得到两种炸药在不同位置的压力-时程曲线,经过计算得到两种炸药水下爆炸的能量,并以含铝炸药的能量为铝纤维炸药的参考能量,分析两者的差异及造成差异的原因。结果表明,与含铝炸药相比,铝纤维炸药的压力峰值与冲量降低,铝纤维炸药的比冲击波能降低11%~22%,比气泡能降低11%~15%,比爆炸能降低11%~18%。铝纤维炸药的比爆炸能占爆热的73%~82%,低于含铝粉炸药比爆炸能与爆热的比值(89%~94%)。铝纤维炸药能量未达到其参考能量的主要原因是铝纤维直径较大导致反应不充分以及熔喷法制成的铝纤维中Al2O3含量较高。 相似文献
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用TG、5s爆发点和单向拉伸试验,研究了湿热环境对RDX/AP-NEPE推进剂热安全性和力学性能的影响。结果表明,在相对湿度70%、温度75℃下经历6d的湿热老化后,RDX/AP-NEPE推进剂在TG曲线上的3个质量损失阶段的表观活化能均略有降低,水分对AP分解活化能的影响较为明显,使其活化能降低9.3%。湿热老化前后,5s爆发点Tb分别为303.7℃和302.7℃。随着老化时间的增加,延伸率和抗拉强度都呈降低趋势,至第6d延伸率从106.0%降至36.7%,抗拉强度从0.631MPa降至0.541MPa。在75℃下干燥热老化6d后,RDX/AP-NEPE推进剂3个阶段的表观活化能、5s爆发点、抗拉强度和延伸率都没有明显的变化。初期老化过程中,水分对RDX/AP-NEPE推进剂的力学性能和AP的分解活化能影响较大,但对热感度基本没有影响。 相似文献
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水性聚氨酯包覆RDX的影响因素研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以环氧有机硅复合改性的水性聚氨酯(WPU)作为黑索今(RDX)包覆剂,研究了包覆温度、WPU用量、RDX粒度及表面活性剂种类和用量对包覆后RDX机械感度、热感度和流散性的影响,并通过撞击感度测试、5s延滞期爆发点测试和金相显微镜晶型观测分析确定了较佳的包覆工艺条件。结果表明,包覆温度40℃、WPU质量分数2.0%、RDX粒度200~300目和阳离子表面活性剂质量分数0.5%~1.0%时,包覆后的RDX颗粒形状圆滑,感度较低,颗粒间包覆剂残留较少,流散性良好。 相似文献
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为了减少铝粉炸药在生产过程中因铝粉对环境污染,降低铝粉炸药的撞击感度,提高含铝炸药的成型性及力学性能,将RDX用铝薄膜分层包裹得到新型的铝薄膜混合炸药。将铝薄膜混合炸药与铝粉炸药进行水下爆炸实验与爆速实验,得到两种炸药的爆速与压力时程曲线,经过分析计算得到两种炸药的压力峰值、冲量、冲击波能、气泡脉动周期与气泡能。结果表明:铝薄膜炸药药柱的轴向为RDX与铝薄膜独立贯通的结构,有利于降低混合炸药中添加物对基体炸药爆轰波传播的影响,从而使铝薄膜混合炸药的爆速高于铝粉炸药,导致铝薄膜炸药的冲击波损失系数高于铝粉炸药,使铝薄膜混合炸药的总能量、比气泡能与铝粉炸药相当情况下,其比冲击波能却降低了10.16%~10.33%,计算过程说明铝薄膜混合炸药的C-J压力计算公式具有合理性。 相似文献
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为了解加入含能钝感剂2,6-二氨基-3,5-硝基吡嗪-1-氧化物(LLM-105)对RDX基浇注炸药热安全性的影响,根据LLM-105的不同含量和晶型,建立了含LLM-105的RDX基浇注炸药二维细观模型。利用有限元方法,考虑LLM-105和RDX的自放热反应,模拟了不同工况下边界升温速率为6K/min的点火行为,分析了含LLM-105的RDX基浇注炸药点火响应规律。结果表明,在持续稳定的加热条件下,浇注PBX炸药匀速升温,RDX先于LLM-105分解放热导致炸药发生毫秒级点火响应;在浇注PBX炸药模型中增加LLM-105含量后,点火源数量减少至10个,点火延滞时间延长至1 926s;细化后无棱角且粒径小的LLM-105颗粒有利于提高RDX基浇注PBX炸药的热安全性。 相似文献
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为了研究分离回收废旧梯黑铝炸药中各成分的高效低成本的物理方法,采用控温离心和控温水洗结晶,回收梯黑铝炸药中的TNT组分;再根据RDX与铝粉的密度差异,使用密度分级法,分离RDX与铝粉,优化了分离条件,对回收物质进行DSC和XRD表征,并测试其撞击感度。结果表明,在密度为2.0g/cm3的溴化锌溶液中,控温30℃、离心转速2500r/min等条件下,回收RDX和铝粉回收率分别为67.6%和86.5%,纯度分别为77.2%和94.6%;回收的RDX热安定性良好,存在少量铝粉和TNT与RDX的共熔物,且基本没有独立存在的TNT组分,其撞击感度为90%;回收铝粉中含有微量氧化铝粉和炸药成分;两种回收物组分中均不含溴化锌。该物理方法可有效实现废旧梯黑铝炸药各组分的高效绿色回收。 相似文献
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Explosive characteristics of aluminized HMX-based nanocomposites 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M. F. Gogulya M. N. Makhov M. A. Brazhnikov A. Yu. Dolgoborodov V. I. Arkhipov A. N. Zhigach I. O. Leipunskii M. L. Kuskov 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》2008,44(2):198-212
The explosive characteristics of HMX compositions doped with 15% Al (by weight) were studied experimentally. The detonation
velocity, pressure and temperature profiles, the velocity of endwise acceleration of plates, and the heat of explosion of
dense pressed samples were measured. The results were compared for compositions based on mechanical mixtures of initial micron-size
particles of HMX with aluminum powders of various sizes and for nanocomposites. The addition of nanoaluminum reduces the detonation
velocity to a greater degree than the addition of micron-size aluminum. The mechanical mixtures have close detonation velocities,
whereas in composites containing different types of nanoaluminum, they differ by almost 200 m/sec. For all compositions, except
for the most homogeneous nanocomposite, two-peak pressure profiles are observed. For charges of a composite and a mechanical
mixture with nanoaluminum of the same type, the second peak pressures almost coincide but are reached in different times.
At the same time, the peak pressure increases with decreasing aluminum particle size. The temperature profiles agree qualitatively
with the pressure profiles. The velocity of endwise acceleration of plates depends linearly on the activity of the aluminum
powder used. Nanocomposites and mechanical mixtures containing the same aluminum powder have close heats of explosion. Nanoaluminum
is almost completely oxidized during calorimeter bomb tests, and the major factor determining the heat of explosion of the
compositions with nanoaluminum is also the content of active metal in the aluminum powder.
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Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 85–100, March–April, 2008. 相似文献
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《Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics》2017,42(2):142-148
New composite metalized explosives were studied. The explosives consisted of two different types of macroscopic granular multi‐component RDX‐based formulations. In a 0.15 m3 explosion chamber, fireball temperature histories for numerous cylindrical pressed and layered charges made from the composites were determined using optical spectroscopy. For comparison, charges consisting of simple mixtures instead of the composites as well TNT and RDX phlegmatized (RDXph) charges were also studied. The influence of the structure of the macroscopic granular composite, the charge type (pressed charge or layered charge with an RDXph core), oxygen availability (air or argon atmosphere) and aluminum particle size on the fireball temperature and the combustion of the aluminum powder were determined. The measured temperatures were compared with the theoretical ones calculated by assuming different activity of the aluminum fuel. 相似文献
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Waldemar A. Trzciski Katarzyna Barcz Jzef Paszula Stanisaw Cudzio 《Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics》2014,39(1):40-50
The confined explosion of an annular layered charge composed of a phlegmatized RDX (RDXph) core and an external layer consisting of aluminum powder (Al) or a mixture of ammonium perchlorate (AP) and Al was studied. Experiments were carried out in fully and partially closed structures, i.e., in the explosion chamber of 150 dm3 in volume and in the 40 m3 volume bunker with four small holes and a doorway. Two types of aluminum powder were used in the mixtures. Signals of overpressure from two piezoelectric gauges located at the chamber wall were recorded and the influence of aluminum contents and particle size on a quasi‐static pressure (QSP) was studied. Moreover, the solid residues from the chamber were analyzed by using SEM, TG/DTA and XRD techniques to determine their structure and composition. Pressure and light histories recorded in the bunker enable us to determine the blast wave characteristics and time‐duration of light output. The effect of the charge mass and aluminum particle size on blast wave parameters were investigated. For comparison, the test for RDXph and TNT charges were also carried out. 相似文献
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研究了AN-UN、AN-UN-A l两种无TNT铵脲炸药的配方和爆炸性能关系。结果表明,对于AN-UN炸药,随着硝酸脲含量由10%增至40%,炸药的爆热Qv减少16%,比容Vo增加2%,QvVo的乘积下降12.5%。因此,在不含其它成分的情况下,UN含量以10%~20%为宜,基本满足爆炸要求。对于AN-UN-A l炸药,在氧平衡为零的情况下,铝粉的加入能提高炸药爆热,但比容有所下降,QvVo的乘积增加。在铝粉含量10%不变的情况下,AN或UN含量的改变对炸药爆炸性能影响不大。 相似文献
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Mou‐Jin Lin Hong‐Hao Ma Zhao‐Wu Shen Xiao‐Zhi Wan 《Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics》2014,39(2):230-235
In order to analyze the effect of aluminum fiber contents on the underwater explosion performance of RDX‐based explosives, the pressure‐time curves of composite explosives with different aluminum fiber contents are measured by underwater explosion experiments. Peak pressure, impulse, shock energy, and bubble energy were obtained by analyzing the curves. The results show that the peak pressures of composite explosives decrease with increasing aluminum fiber contents. The shock impulse of the 30 % aluminum fiber composite explosive is the highest in all composite explosives. The effects of the 20 % and 40 % composite explosives are nearly equal to that of the 30 % explosive, and the different values of shock impulse among them do not exceed 5 %. The specific shock energy of the 20 % aluminum fiber composite explosive is the highest in all composite explosives. The bubble energy and explosion energy of composite explosives increase with increasing aluminum fiber contents. 相似文献