小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞对异基因肝移植模型大鼠移植区域组织损伤的修复作用

目的观察小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)注入后在异基因肝移植模型大鼠移植区域的迁徙、定居及组织修复作用,探讨MSCs诱导异基因移植免疫耐受的可能性。方法将昆明小鼠肝组织块埋入Wister大鼠肝脏切口,制备异基因肝移植大鼠模型;体外分离、纯化并培养昆明小鼠乳鼠MSCs;经DAPI标记后,尾静脉注入模型大鼠,通过激光共聚焦显微镜,分别在24h、5d及10d观察MSCs在肝脏移植区域的迁徙及定居;采用HE染色观察肝移植区域组织损伤情况。结果MSCs尾静脉注入后,24h即出现在肝移植区域,5d时分布于血管周围,10d时扩散至移植区域血管及周围组织;MSCs治疗5d,HE染色显示移植区域浸润的炎性细胞减少,可见肝组织结构。结论小鼠MSCs可在大鼠体内存活,并参与损伤区血管及组织的修复。     

骨髓间充质干细胞在脑缺血模型大鼠脑组织中的迁徙、定居及组织修复作用

目的观察骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)移植后,在缺血性脑损伤大鼠脑组织中的迁徙、定居及组织修复作用。方法体外分离、纯化及培养MSCs。线栓法制备Wester大鼠脑缺血模型,经颈动脉移植DAPI标记的MSCs,通过激光共聚焦显微镜,分别在24h、5d及10d观察MSCs在脑组织内的迁徙及定居。采用三苯四氮唑活组织脑片染色方法,观察MSCs治疗对脑组织损伤的修复作用。结果MSCs经颈动脉移植后,在24h即出现在脑损伤区域血管内,第5天在血管周围组织内开始弥散,第10天在损伤区域可见广泛弥散。MSCs治疗20d后,脑片染色显示坏死区域减少。结论动脉移植MSCs后,MSCs首先出现在大鼠缺血性脑损伤区域血管内,然后在周围组织弥散,并可能参与损伤区血管及组织的修复。     

骨髓间充质干细胞对电离辐射诱发的小鼠胸腺瘤的抑制作用

目的观察骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)对电离辐射诱发的小鼠胸腺瘤的抑制作用。方法采用经典Kaplan法复制电离辐射诱发的小鼠胸腺瘤模型。应用全骨髓贴壁法分离培养C57BL/6小鼠MSCs,DAPI标记,经尾静脉注入荷瘤小鼠后,分别于1、5、10d处死小鼠,取胸腺组织,激光共聚焦显微镜下观察MSCs在胸腺瘤组织中的定位;第1次全身大剂量照射后6个月取胸腺组织,HE染色观察胸腺组织的病理变化,并判断成瘤情况。结果激光共聚焦显微镜下观察可见,MSCs经尾静脉输注后可迁徙至小鼠胸腺组织内;病理观察显示,胸腺组织皮髓质结构清楚,淋巴样肿瘤细胞较少,细胞形态、大小不一,偶见核分裂象;MSCs输注使辐射诱导的胸腺瘤成瘤率由57.00%±9.78%降低至37.50%±7.55%。结论已成功建立辐射诱发的小鼠胸腺瘤模型;输注的MSCs可迁徙至胸腺组织中,并降低胸腺瘤的成瘤率。     

骨髓间充质干细胞对胰腺损伤模型大鼠血清生化指标的影响

目的观察大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)对胰腺损伤模型大鼠血清生化指标的影响。方法胰腺结扎建立大鼠胰腺损伤模型;体外分离纯化及培养大鼠的MSCs,流式细胞术检测细胞周期及细胞表面标志,经尾静脉回输治疗胰腺损伤,逐日观察,并于回输后24h、48h、7d和15d,分别采血,分离血清,检测血淀粉酶与脂肪酶含量。结果分离纯化的MSCs细胞周期中,86.67%处于G0/G1期,表达MSCs表面标志CD44,不表达造血干细胞表面标志CD34。治疗组在回输MSCs15d后,肉眼可见坏死的胰腺组织外观基本恢复正常,24h、48h和7d,血清淀粉酶含量均低于模型组,且差异有统计学意义,在15d时接近于模型组,差异无统计学意义;在24h、48h、7d和15d时,治疗组血清中脂肪酶含量均低于模型组,且差异有统计学意义;24h、48h、7d和15d,治疗组血清中血淀粉酶和脂肪酶含量仍高于正常对照组,且差异有统计学意义。结论骨髓间充质干细胞对胰腺组织损伤的模型大鼠具有治疗作用。     

骨髓间充质干细胞对豚鼠皮肤光老化的修复作用

目的研究骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)对皮肤光老化的修复作用,为皮肤光老化的治疗提供新途径。方法每天UV-A和UV-B紫外线灯同时照射2 h,连续照射50 d,制备豚鼠皮肤光老化模型;体外分离培养豚鼠乳鼠MSCs;经DAPI标记后,局部多点皮内注入豚鼠皮肤紫外线照射区域,激光共聚焦显微镜下分别观察注入后24 h、5 d及10 d,DAPI标记的MSCs在紫外线照射区域皮肤组织的迁徙及定居;肉眼及HE染色切片观察MSCs对豚鼠光老化皮肤的修复作用。结果DAPI标记的MSCs经紫外线照射皮肤区域局部皮内多点注射24 h后,即出现在真皮层,5 d后出现在真皮层及毛囊组织,10 d后广泛弥散在皮肤各层。肉眼及皮肤HE染色切片镜下观察均显示,治疗组豚鼠较模型组明显延缓光老化进程,且在停止照射后,治疗组光老化症状比自然恢复组有更为显著的改善。结论MSCs对皮肤光老化有明显的延缓及修复作用。     

骨髓间充质干细胞在脊髓损伤模型大鼠体内的转化

目的观察静脉移植骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)在脊髓损伤模型大鼠体内向神经样细胞转化的情况。方法体外扩增培养MSCs,流式细胞仪检测表面标志CD34和CD44的表达;采用击打法制备大鼠脊髓损伤模型;Brdu标记的MSCs经尾静脉移植入脊髓损伤模型大鼠体内,输注后21d,取脊髓组织进行免疫组化染色,检测神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)的表达。结果体外扩增的MSCs经流式细胞仪检测不表达CD34,表达CD44;激光共聚焦显微镜下观察可见,移植Brdu标记的MSCs组在大鼠损伤的脊髓组织中可同时表达Brdu和NSE。结论移植的MSCs可迁移到损伤的脊髓组织,并可转化为神经样细胞。     

骨髓间充质干细胞对大鼠胰腺损伤组织的修复作用

目的观察骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)对大鼠胰腺损伤组织的修复作用。方法应用贴壁法分离、纯化、扩增大鼠MSCs,经流式细胞仪检测其细胞周期及表面标志后,用DAPI标记,经尾静脉注入胰腺损伤模型大鼠体内,15d后,在激光共聚焦显微镜下观察MSCs在大鼠胰腺组织的定位,组织病理切片观察胰腺损伤组织的病理改变,PCR检测胰腺损伤区组织的Sry基因。结果体外纯化、扩增、富集的MSCs经流式细胞仪检测,86.67%的细胞处于G0/G1期,细胞表面CD34呈阴性表达,CD44呈阳性表达。DAPI标记的MSCs移植治疗15d后,激光共聚焦显微镜下可见,MSCs在损伤的胰腺组织中多见,在正常胰腺组织中偶见;组织病理切片可见损伤的胰腺组织结构开始恢复,胰岛再建;PCR结果显示,治疗组胰腺组织可扩增出Sry基因。结论MSCs对大鼠胰腺损伤组织可能具有修复作用。     

两种CpG寡核苷酸对乙型肝炎疫苗免疫小鼠淋巴细胞增殖的影响

目的观察人工合成的两种CpG寡核苷酸(CpG ODN)对乙型肝炎疫苗免疫小鼠淋巴细胞增殖效应的影响。方法BALB/c小鼠分别经乙肝疫苗、乙肝疫苗+CpG1826和乙肝疫苗+CpG2006免疫后,取小鼠脾和胸腺淋巴细胞,进行非特异性和特异性淋巴细胞增殖试验,应用MTT法分别检测淋巴细胞增殖效应。结果CpG两组与疫苗组及对照组相比,脾淋巴细胞增殖效应均显著增强,CpG1826组均优于CpG2006组,且差异有统计学意义;CpG两组的胸腺淋巴细胞非特异性增殖效应也显著增强,但CpG两组之间差异无统计学意义。结论CpG1826和CpG2006均能明显刺激BALB/c小鼠脾脏及胸腺淋巴细胞增殖,且CpG1826显示出更强的脾淋巴细胞免疫刺激效应。     

枸杞多糖对亚健康小鼠免疫功能及抗疲劳作用的影响

目的探讨枸杞多糖对亚健康小鼠机体免疫功能及抗疲劳作用的影响及其作用机制。方法采用复合因素建立亚健康小鼠模型,随机分为模型组、枸杞多糖高剂量组(400 mg/kg体重)和低剂量组(200 mg/kg体重),另设对照组(未建模),经小鼠灌胃给药,每天1次,灌胃21 d,对照组和模型组给予等量蒸馏水。对建模小鼠进行行为学评价;检测各组小鼠的免疫功能(脾脏和胸腺指数、T和B淋巴细胞增殖能力及CD4+/CD8+值)和抗疲劳能力(游泳力竭时间、下丘脑5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)和多巴胺(Dopamine,DA)含量及海马区谷氨酸受体NR2A m RNA表达水平)。结果模型小鼠体重、自主活动次数、挣扎时间及游泳力竭时间明显低于对照组(P0.05),避暗穿梭次数明显高于对照组(P0.05)。模型组小鼠的胸腺、脾脏指数、B淋巴细胞增殖能力、CD4+/CD8+值、游泳力竭时间、下丘脑DA含量及海马区NR2Am RNA的表达均显著低于对照组(P0.05),5-HT含量明显高于对照组(P0.05);枸杞多糖高剂量组小鼠胸腺指数、脾脏指数、B淋巴细胞增殖能力、CD4+/CD8+值、游泳力竭时间、下丘脑DA含量及小鼠海马NR2A m RNA的表达均显著高于模型组(P0.05),且5-HT含量明显低于模型组(P0.05);各组间T细胞增殖能力无明显变化。结论成功建立亚健康小鼠模型,枸杞多糖可提高亚健康模型小鼠的免疫功能及抗疲劳作用,为枸杞多糖的临床应用提供了实验依据。     

我国的能源形势与煤气化

从哺乳期开始建立大鼠缺锌和高锌模型，应用流式细胞术研究微量元素锌对胸腺、脾脏淋巴细胞增殖功能的影响。结果表明：ＺＤ组和ＺＥ组胸腺、脾脏静止期细胞明显增高，而增殖期期细胞及增殖指数量降低。与自由喂养组及配对组相比差别非常显著。     

山奈酚对小鼠迟发型超敏反应的免疫抑制作用

目的探讨山奈酚(kaempferol,KA)对二硝基氟苯(dinitrofluorobenzene,DNFB)诱导的小鼠迟发型超敏反应(delayed type hypersensitivity,DTH)的免疫抑制作用。方法将BALB/c小鼠按体重随机分为6组:生理盐水对照组、DTH模型组、环磷酰胺(cytoxan,CTX)组(20 mg/kg)、KA低剂量(2 mg/kg)、中剂量(4 mg/kg)、高剂量(8 mg/kg)组,每组10只,用DNFB致敏,同时给药,连续给药7 d。致敏后第5天于小鼠右耳背涂1%DNFB 5μl诱发DTH,左耳涂等量的丙酮/橄榄油溶剂作为对照。连续给药7 d后,称量小鼠体重及脾脏和胸腺湿重,计算脾脏指数和胸腺指数;DNFB激发后48 h,剪下小鼠左右耳廓,称重,计算小鼠耳廓肿胀度,并将剪取的右耳耳廓制成冰冻切片,光学显微镜下观察小鼠耳廓局部组织的病理变化;无菌取脾,制备脾细胞,MTT法检测经ConA刺激的脾淋巴细胞的增殖活力。结果 KA高剂量组能显著降低DTH小鼠的脾脏指数和胸腺指数(P<0.01或P<0.05);KA中、高剂量组能明显抑制DNFB所诱发的小鼠耳廓肿胀度(P<0.05或P<0.01);KA能明显减少DTH小鼠耳廓局部组织淋巴细胞的浸润,并抑制脾脏淋巴细胞的增殖(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论 KA对DTH小鼠具有明显的免疫抑制作用,抑制淋巴细胞的增殖可能是其作用机制之一。     

Characterization and Differentiation of the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) of Orthotopic and Subcutaneously Grown Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) in Immunocompetent Mice

For the development and evaluation of new head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) therapeutics, suitable, well-characterized animal models are needed. Thus, by analyzing orthotopic versus subcutaneous models of HNSCC in immunocompetent mice, we evaluated the existence of adenosine-related immunosuppressive B- and T lymphocyte populations within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Applying the SCC VII model for the induction of HNSCC in immunocompetent C3H/HeN mice, the cellular TME was characterized after tumor initiation over time by flow cytometry. The TME in orthotopic grown tumors revealed a larger population of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) with more B cells and CD4⁺ T cells than the subcutaneously grown tumors. Immune cell populations in the blood and bone marrow showed a rather distinct reaction toward tumor induction and tumor location compared to the spleen, lymph nodes, or thymus. In addition, large numbers of immunosuppressive B- and T cells were identified within the TME but also in secondary lymphoid organs, independently of the tumor initiation site. The altered immunogenic TME may influence the response to any treatment attempt. Moreover, when analyzing the TME and other lymphoid organs of tumor-bearing mice, we observed conditions reflecting largely those of patients suffering from HNSCC suggesting the C3H/HeN mouse model as a suitable tool for studies aiming to target immunosuppression to improve anti-cancer therapies.     

Glycosphingolipids of white cells lymphoid tissue and bone marrow

Glycosphingolipids of lymphoid tissues, bone marrow cells, mixed blood leucocytes, separated lymphocytes, and granulocytes from large white pigs were analyzed by thin layer and gas liquid chromatographies. The composition of the glycosphingolipids of thymus and blood leucocytes (mixed population) was similar, and trihexosyl ceramide (galactosyl-[1–4]-galactosyl-[1–4]-glucosyl-[1–1]-ceramide) was the major glycosphingolipid component of both tissues. The fatty acid fractions of all glycolipids from the two tissues were analyzed, and gross differences are discussed. Blood lymphocytes had a higher content of glycosphingolipids/mole phospholipid or mg protein than thymus lymphocytes obtained by a gentle washing of sliced tissue. Similar and more pronounced differences were obtained when the glycosphingolipid content of bone marrow cells (>50% polymorphonuclear neutrophils) was compared with that of blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils. In general, most of the blood leucocytes were richer in glycosphingolipids than most of the cells of the lymphoid tissues and bone marrow. These results indicate a marked difference in lipid composition between blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils and bone marrow cells. It is possible that certain of the biophysical properties which characterize blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils and which derive from changes in the cell periphery of immature granulocytes are connected with these differences in membrane lipid composition.