Al2O3/堇青石陶瓷的制备和抗热震性能研究

为了解决氧化铝陶瓷抗热震性差的难题，将堇青石、纳米SiC加入到Al₂O₃中，通过无压烧结工艺，制备出了Al₂O₃/堇青石抗热震陶瓷.结果表明，w(堇青石)=10%、烧结温度为1 520 ℃时陶瓷可获得最高密度.陶瓷样品能够承受1 500 ℃温差(空冷)的热震破坏.采用SEM对陶瓷进行组织结构分析，发现堇青石与氧化铝形成长柱状固溶体，呈无规分布状态.这样的显微组织有利于缓解热应力和提高强度，对提高陶瓷的抗热震性具有重要作用.     

原位合成镁铝尖晶石-堇青石复相陶瓷的研究

为了提高锂离子电池正极材料用匣钵的使用寿命,以桂广滑石、鹤壁煅烧铝矾土和鹤壁堇青石熟料为原料,采用原位合成技术制备了镁铝尖晶石-堇青石复相陶瓷。测试和分析了烧结样品的吸水率、气孔率、体积密度、抗折强度、抗热震性能、物相组成以及显微结构。实验结果表明,采用原位合成的镁铝尖晶石-堇青石复相陶瓷的晶粒分布均匀、结合紧密,明显提高了样品的抗热震性和耐腐蚀性。最佳配方为经1 360℃烧成的A2样品(桂广滑石47.72%、煅烧铝矾土46.49%、堇青石熟料5.79%),其吸水率为0.37%、气孔率为0.95%、体积密度为2.59g/cm3、抗折强度为114.12 MPa。堇青石熟料的最佳添加量为5.79%,添加少量堇青石熟料起到晶核剂作用,同时能够显著地降低样品的吸水率和气孔率,提高样品的体积密度、抗折强度和抗热震性能,拓宽样品的烧成范围。通过XRD和SEM分析表明,烧成样品的相组成为堇青石和镁铝尖晶石,样品的晶体发育比较完善,堇青石呈六方柱状,纵横交错排列,镁铝尖晶石呈颗粒状,分布于堇青石晶粒之间。30次热震(1 100℃~室温)后经1 360℃烧成的A2样品的相组成没有明显的变化,抗热震性能较优。     

太阳能热发电用堇青石-莫来石复相陶瓷的制备及抗热震性

以合成莫来石和合成堇青石为原料,采用常压烧结制备了太阳能热发电用堇青石-莫来石复相陶瓷。研究了质量比、烧结温度等对样品的吸水率、气孔率、体积密度、抗折强度及抗热震性等的影响。结果发现,最优配方是1 440℃烧结的A3样品,堇青石和莫来石质量比为7∶3,气孔率为0.30%,吸水率为0.12%,体积密度为2.487g/cm3,抗折强度达68.49MPa,抗热震循环(室温～1 100℃)30次无裂纹。通过XRD和SEM分析发现样品由低温堇青石、高温堇青石和莫来石组成。该复相陶瓷可作为潜在的太阳能输热管道材料。     

太阳能热发电Al2O3-ZrO2复相储热陶瓷的制备及其抗热震性

以α-Al2O3、部分稳定氧化锆(PSZ)(Y2O35.2%)、红柱石、堇青石、滑石为原料,制备了太阳能储热用Al2O3-ZrO2复相储热陶瓷,采用XRD、SEM等测试技术对样品的性能及结构进行了研究,探讨了PSZ、堇青石和红柱石对储热陶瓷样品抗热震性能的影响。结果表明,添加堇青石、PSZ和红柱石均可提高样品的抗热震性能,且三者共掺时的抗热震性能最优。经1 340℃烧成的复相储热陶瓷样品(样品B4)抗折强度达60.83MPa、热震(室温～800℃,气冷)30次不开裂,且热震后抗折强度增长了13.15%。相组成分析表明,B4样品热震前后晶相组成均为刚玉、四方氧化锆、红柱石、莫来石、堇青石。SEM研究结果表明,样品热震前后均较致密,少量连通气孔,气孔尺寸为1～80μm,晶粒尺寸为1～5μm,晶粒生长发育良好,被少量玻璃相包裹,晶粒间呈晶间型紧密连接,赋予了样品较高的强度和抗热震性。     

用累托石制备堇青石质泡沫陶瓷的研究

用一种新开发的粘土矿物原料累托石和其它原料 ,采用前驱体浸渍成型制备了性能良好的堇青石质泡沫陶瓷 ,并对其性能及结构进行了测试 ,结果表明这种堇青石质泡沫陶瓷的气孔率达 82 .5 8% ,热膨胀系数为 2 .36×10 - 6 /℃ ,耐火为 14 0 8℃ ,软化温度为 1377℃ ,抗热震性优良     

合成堇青石研究现状及进展

堇青石具有低的热膨胀系数、较好的抗热震性能等优点,广泛应用于耐火材料,电子封装材料,多孔陶瓷,催化剂载体及红外辐射材料.目前,工业上主要通过人工合成的方法制备堇青石.人工合成堇青石所用原料已在天然矿物原料的基础上,扩大到固体废物等原料,并且已有很多成功的合成实例.与天然产出的堇青石相比,合成堇青石的性能更加优越.从堇青石的合成原料、合成方法及机理、添加剂改性等方面,就其研究进展进行了介绍,并认为加强对其他合成方法及低温合成的研究,加强对改性添加剂及从固体废物中寻找原料的研究是未来的发展趋势.     

堇青石-莫来石复相陶瓷制备

以MgO-Al2O3-SiO2三元相图为依据,采用不同原料进行堇青石-莫来石复相陶瓷材料配料组成的设计,并在高温下合成制备了堇青石-莫来石复相陶瓷材料.研究了堇青石含量、不同原料配方对试样性能的影响.试验结果表明:配料一的试样性能较好,抗折强度均达35 MPa以上.     

复相导电型红外辐射陶瓷中TiC对堇青石结构影响的研究

在高温炉内还原气氛下根据固相化学反应理论制备出了碳化钛—堇青石导电红外陶瓷材料,材料电导率为1×10~(-1)～2×10~(-4)s/cm,红外辐射率ε为86％,用XRD红外光谱等现代测试手段对样品进行了结构分析,研究表明体系中堇青石结构随TiC配比不同而发生变化,且这种变化带来了辐射性能较单相有了很大的改善。     

绿泥石代替滑石制备匣钵料的研究

本文根据镁质原料的矿物类型对合成堇青石的影响,讨论了用绿泥石配制堇青石质结合剂,以弥补用滑石合成堇青石的不足,为原料的开发利用提供了新途径。本文还讨论了熟料颗粒组成对匣钵性能的影响。实验结果表明,绿泥石可在较低温度下合成堇青石,并且可降低匣钵的烧成温度,这有利于节省能源。制备的匣钵经实际应用证明,具有较长使用寿命。     

红外辐射陶瓷材料的制备及应用

介绍了以过渡金属系、堇青石矿物材料等为代表的红外辐射陶瓷材料的制备及红外辐射性能，综述了几种典型的红外辐射陶瓷材料，如陶瓷釉面砖、陶瓷涂层、陶瓷微粒、陶瓷纤维等在国防、医疗、保健、节能等领域中的应用。     

Coupled thermal-mechanical analysis of two ITER-like first wall mockups under heat shock of plasma disruptions

The first wall of the fusion reactor is a plasma-facing component and is a key link to maintain the integrity of structure during thermal shock induced by plasma disruptions. Be and W/Cu functionally graded materials are two kinds of important plasma-facing materials(PFM) of first wall in fusion reactor currently. Previous researches seldom comparatively evaluated the normal servicing and heat shock resistance performance of first walls with those two kinds of PFMs. And also there lacks coupled thermal/mechanical analysis on the heat shock process in consideration of multiple thermal/mechanical phenomena, such as material melting, solidification, evaporation, etc., which is significant to further understand the heat shock damage mechanism of the first wall with different PFMs. With the aim of learning more detailed mechanical mechanism of thermal shock damage and then improving the thermal shock resistance performance of different first wall designs, the coupled thermal/mechanical response of two typical ITER-like first walls with PFM of Be and functionally graded W-Cu respectively under the heat shock of 1–2 GW/m~2 are computed by the finite element method. Special considerations of elastic-plastic deformation, material melting, and solidification are included in numerical models and methods. The mechanical response behaviors of different structures and materials under the normal servicing operation as well as plasma disruption conditions are analyzed and investigated comparatively. The results reveal that heat is mainly deposited on the PFM layer in the high energy shock pulse induced by plasma disruptions, resulting in complex thermal stress change as well as mechanical irreversible damage of thermal elastic and plastic expansion, contraction and yielding. Compared with the first wall with Be PFM, which mitigates the damages from heat shock at most only in the PFM layer with cost of whole PFM layer plastic yielding, the first wall with graded W-Cu PFM is demonstrated to be possessed both of higher heat shock resistance performance and normal servicing performance, provided its material gradient and cooling capacity are well optimized under practical loading conditions.     

Investigation on plasma-sprayed ZrO_2 thermal barrier coating on nickel alloy substrate

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基体表面状态对 Fe3Al/Al2O3复合涂层性能的影响

利用等离子喷涂方法在相同喷涂工艺条件下 ,分别在不同表面状态的Q2 35钢基体上制备了Fe3Al/Al2 O3陶瓷复合涂层 .通过对涂层的结合强度、抗热震性能等试验 ,分析研究了基体表面状态对涂层性能的影响 .结果表明 ,对基体进行有效的表面处理 ,使其获得高的表面粗糙度和表面活性 ,有利于涂层结合强度和抗热震性能的提高 ,基体表面预处理是保证涂层质量的重要环节 .Fe3Al是钢基体上制备陶瓷涂层较为理想的过渡材料     

In-Situ Preparation and thermal shock resistance of mullite-cordierite heat tube material for solar thermal power

In order to improve the thermal shock resistance of solar thermal heat transfer tube material, the mullite-cordierite composite ceramic as solar thermal heat transfer tube material were fabricated by pressureless sintering using α-Al2O3 , Suzhou kaolin, talc, and feldspar as starting materials. The important parameter for solar thermal transfer tube such as water absorption (Wa ), bulk density (Db ), and the mechanical properties were investigated. The phase composition and microstructure of the composite ceramics were analyzed by XRD and SEM. The experimental results show that the B3 sintered at 1 300 ℃ and holding for 3 h has an optimum thermal shock resistance. The bending strength loss rate of B3 is only 2% at 1 100℃ by air quenching-strength test and the sample can endure 30 times thermal shock cycling, and the water absorption, the bulk density and the bending strength are 0.32%, 2.58 g·cm-3 , and 125.59 MPa respectively. The XRD analysis indicated that the phase compositions of the sample were mullite, cordierite, corundum, and spinel. The SEM images illustrate that the cordierite is prismatic grain and the mullite is nano rod, showing a good thermal shock resistance for composite ceramics as potential solar thermal power material.     

MgO-ZrO2砖的高温抗折性能和抗热震性能的研究

为了研究高温抗折和抗热震性能优良的RH炉用镁锆耐火材料,通过正交试验研究了配料方法和颗粒级配、原材料种类、烧结温度、氧化锆含量等因素对镁锆砖性能的影响.结果表明：镶嵌在基质中的氧化锆稳定了方镁石,增强了材料的强度;氧化锆相变导致微裂纹能吸收断裂能,使镁锆材料的抗热震性能得到改善,特别是添加单斜氧化锆的镁锆砖相变增韧作用更显著;而添加锆英石时由于生成了低熔点硅酸盐使材料致密,对镁锆砖的高温抗折强度和抗热震性能均不利,制备RH炉用镁锆不宜采用锆英石原料.     

Study on Squeeze Casting Metal-zirconium Composite Die Material by Hot Press Sintering

ZrO_2-5CrMnMo composite samples were prepared by hot press sintering.When NiCoCrAlY powders were used as the bonding layer and the different mixtures of NiCoCrAlY alloy and 3YSZ (3mol% yttria stabilized zirconia) ceramic powders were used as the transition layers,the connection between zirconia ceramic and 5CrMnMo steel were strengthened.Three composite samples with different structures were fabricated by heat spraying and hot press sintering.Shear and thermal shock cycle tests were conducted to characterize connection strength and thermal shock resistance of these samples.The shear strength reached 95.69 MPa,and the heating shock cycles achieved to the maximum value of 27.7 times.Microstructures and connection interfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy.The hardness and wearing resistance of 3YSZ coat and 5CrMnMo substrate were compared,and the heat insulation property of composite samples were also discussed.It is shown that these composite materials fabricated in this research are benefited to be used as squeeze casting dies.     

Investigation on plasma-sprayed ZrO2 thermal barrier coating on nickel alloy substrate

The thermal barrier coatings with NiCrAlY alloy bonding layer, NiCrAlY-Y₂O₃ stabilized ZrO₂ transition layer and Y₂O₃ stabilized ZrO₂ ceramic layer are prepared on nickel alloy substrates using the plasma spray technique. The relationship among the composition, structure and property of the coatings are investigated by means of optical microscope, scanning electronic microscope and the experiments of thermal shock resistance cycling and high temperature oxidation resistance. The results show that the structure design of introducing a transition layer between Ni alloy substrate and ZrO₂ ceramic coating guarantees the high quality and properties of the coatings; ZrO₂ coatings doped with a little SiO₂ possesses better thermal shock resistance and more excellent hot corrosion resistance as compared with ZrO₂ coating materials without SiO₂; the improvement in performance of ZrO₂ coating doped with SiO₂ is due to forming more dense coating structure by self- closing effects of the flaws and pores in the ZrO₂ coatings. Biography of the first author: LU An-xian, Ph.D, professor, born in Jan. 1960, majoring in inorganic non-metal materials.     

硅酸铝质喷补料热震稳定性研究

配制系列硅酸铝质喷补料并检测其抗热震性及喷补附着性能等．试验发现热震稳定性同喷补料材质、强度、线变化等密切相关．以焦宝石、铝矾土为主要骨料，高铝水泥等为复合结合剂的喷补料，不仅具有较高的喷补附着性能，而且具有良好的热震稳定性．     

Al2O3抗热震陶瓷的研究进展

为了增进对Al₂O₃抗热震陶瓷发展动态的了解,为Al₂O₃抗热震陶瓷的制备提供设计依据,针对Al₂O₃抗热震陶瓷的常用抗热震性测试方法,Al₂O₃陶瓷微观结构、表面条件、尺寸对抗热震性的影响,利用第二相法提高Al₂O₃陶瓷抗热震性的可行性,以及多孔Al₂O₃抗热震陶瓷的研究进展等方面进行了评述.在Al₂O₃陶瓷中添加ZrO₂、稀土化合物、低热膨胀系数组元或高热导率组元等可以改善Al₂O₃陶瓷的抗弯强度、断裂韧性、弹性模量等力学性能和(或)热膨胀系数、热导率等热学性能,从而起到提高Al₂O₃陶瓷抗热震性能的作用.叠层Al₂O₃复合抗热震陶瓷将成为今后的一个研究方向.     

Al2O3-ZrO2新型风口衬套材质的实验室研究

在掌握了宝钢现有风口衬套破损原因和侵蚀机理的基础上,提出以棕刚玉和锆英石粉为主要原料,实验研究了新型风口衬套材质Al2O3-ZrO2的抗热震性、抗折强度、抗压强度、气孔率。通过比较,两组较好的方案作为进一步工业实验的依据。