激光改性YAG/YSZ双陶瓷热障涂层的高温氧化与TGO生长行为（英文）

以Inconel738合金为基体、Ni Co Cr Al Y为黏接层,采用大气等离子喷涂(APS)技术制备YAG/YSZ双陶瓷热障涂层(TBC),并对YAG层表面进行激光改性,以提高TBC的抗高温氧化性能。通过恒温氧化实验研究喷涂态(AS)与激光改性(LM)TBC的高温氧化及热生长氧化物(TGO)的生长行为。结果表明,AS-TBC与LM-TBC的TGO厚度与结构呈现相似变化趋势,即厚度随氧化时间增加而增加,结构则均由单一Al₂O₃层演变为混合氧化物层在上、Al₂O₃层在下的双层形貌。基于激光改性对氧气渗透的强烈抑制作用,LM-TBC中混合氧化物出现的时间推迟,在氧化中后期LM-TBC的总体TGO厚度也有所减少。经过相同的氧化时间,LM-TBC中Al₂O₃厚度在总体TGO厚度中占比始终大于或等于AS-TBC,并且LM-TBC的抛物线氧化速率相比AS-TBC下降了18.42%。因此,YAG/YSZ LM-TBC呈现更优异的高温抗氧化性能与更低的TGO生长速率。     

一种镍基单晶高温合金的恒温氧化行为

通过静态增重法对一种镍基单晶高温合金在900℃和1000℃的恒温氧化行为进行了测定,并利用X射线衍射和扫描电镜对氧化产物进行了分析。结果表明,该合金在900℃和1000℃均为完全抗氧化级,900℃的氧化速率明显低于1000℃的氧化速率。合金的氧化产物以(Ni,Co)O为主,并形成了较多的α-Al₂O₃ 和较少量的Cr₂O₃,同时形成了CrTaO₄及（Ni,Co）Al₂O₄和 Co(Al,Cr)₂O₄等尖晶石氧化物。氧化物呈层状分布,(Ni,Co)O在最外层,而Al₂O₃在内层。另外,在靠近α-Al₂O₃层的合金基体中出现了内氮化物。     

TiAl合金表面热障涂层的高温抗氧化性能研究

利用大气等离子喷涂技术(APS)在TiAl合金基体表面制备TiAl₃/Al₂O₃-13TiO₂纳米热障涂层。采用SEM、EDS和XRD技术分析纳米热障涂层在氧化前后的微观组织及相组成,并对其在950℃下的抗氧化性能进行测试。结果表明,TiAl合金表面制备TiAl₃/Al₂O₃-13TiO₂纳米热障涂层后高温抗氧化性能显著提高,氧化动力学曲线呈对数变化规律,950℃高温氧化时,氧化速率常数为3.7×10^-3 mg²·cm⁴/s。在高温氧化过程中,TiAl₃粘结层与TiAl合金基体之间发生元素扩散,TiAl合金基体与粘结层之间界面消失。在陶瓷层与粘结层之间形成均匀连续的热生长氧化物层(TGO),在TiAl₃粘结层完全降解为TiAl₂相和三元Ti-Al-O化合物后,TGO对陶瓷层和粘结层仍...     

NaOH对铝合金微弧氧化膜特性的影响

在Na₂SiO₃电解液体系下,对ZAlSi12Cu2Mg1微弧氧化膜的形成进行研究,通过改变NaOH的含量,研究了其对电解液的电导率、微弧氧化的临界起弧电压、膜层特性及微观形貌的影响。并测定了氧化膜的相组成。结果表明：NaOH含量从1.0 g/L到3.0 g/L变化时,电解液的电导率由14.00 ms/cm几乎呈线性增大到26.28 ms/cm,正向临界起弧电压由360 V呈线性降低下降到290 V;含量从1.0 g/L增大到2.5 g/L时,膜厚从92 μm迅速增加到125 μm。含量超过2.5 g/L,膜厚减小,致密层所占比例下降。XRD分析表明：氧化膜层中主要由莫来石、SiO₂和α-Al₂O₃、γ-Al₂O₃和WO₃相。     

激光重熔对Al2O3-40% TiO2等离子喷涂层耐冲蚀性能的影响

利用等离子喷涂方法制备Al₂O₃-40% TiO₂涂层,对涂层进行激光重熔处理.分别对等离子喷涂层和激光重熔涂层进行耐冲蚀磨损性能试验,研究了激光重熔对Al₂O₃-40% TiO₂等离子喷涂层耐冲蚀性能的影响.结果表明,激光重熔消除了Al₂O₃-40% TiO₂等离子喷涂层的层状结构,使得等离子喷涂层中γ-Al₂O₃转变为α-Al₂O₃,形成了α-Al₂O₃+TiAl₂O₅稳定结构.激光重熔后的涂层组织致密均匀、硬度高,具有冶金结合特征,使得耐冲蚀性能得到极大提高,其磨损特征为冲蚀粒子冲击作用下产生的裂纹、破碎与块状剥落.     

Re对NiCrAlY涂层热腐蚀行为的影响

通过电弧离子镀制备了NiCrAlYRe和NiCrAlY涂层,经真空热处理后涂层均由γ´-Ni₃Al、γ-Ni、 β-NiAl和α-Cr四相构成。在NiCrAlYRe涂层中,Re主要存在于α-Cr相,Re促进了α-Cr相在涂层中的析出,并提高了α-Cr在长期氧化过程中的稳定性,特别在氧化膜/涂层界面上析出了大量富Re的α-Cr。由于富Re的α-Cr 同α-Al₂O₃具有极为接近的热膨胀系数,降低了氧化膜中的热应力,提高了NiCrAlY 涂层表面抗剥落能力。添加Re明显提高了NiCrAlY涂层在900℃90%Na₂SO₄+ 10%K₂SO₄介质中的抗热腐蚀性能。     

NiCoCrAlY粘结层喷涂工艺对8YSZ热障涂层抗氧化性能的影响

目的 提高热障涂层粘结层的抗高温氧化性能。方法 分别采用爆炸喷涂和等离子喷涂工艺制备了不同结构的NiCoCrAlY粘结层,之后通过等离子喷涂制备8YSZ陶瓷层,分析了两种粘结层结构的热障涂层的抗高温氧化性能。利用XRD、SEM和EDS对涂层物相、微观结构和成分进行分析,并对其与基体结合状态、抗高温氧化性能进行研究。结果 爆炸喷涂粘结层内部组织致密,缺陷较少,与基体结合处孔隙少;而等离子喷涂粘结层内部的层状特征明显,孔隙较多,表面粗糙度较低。爆炸喷涂粘结层氧化5 h后,表面生成了一层富Al2O3的致密氧化物膜;而等离子喷涂粘结层表面形成了富NiO、CoO、Cr2O3和Ni(Cr,Al)2O4的氧化物层,并出现了许多微裂纹和片层状氧化物。爆炸喷涂制备的热障涂层试样在前5 h氧化增重速率高于等离子喷涂试样,随后变平缓,而等离子喷涂试样氧化速率依然较高。爆炸喷涂热障涂层的热生长氧化物层（Thermally grown oxide, TGO）经50 h氧化后,仍呈连续状,厚度均匀,粘结层内氧化物缺陷较少。结论 爆炸喷涂粘结层组织均匀、致密,喷涂时涂层的氧化以及热处理的内氧化较少,使得足够的Al较快速地在粘结层表面形成致密的氧化铝,表面一定厚度的氧化铝层抑制了氧和其他金属原子的相向扩散反应,提高了涂层的抗高温氧化性能。     

Fe-Cr-Al合金纤维载体上的致密Al2O3薄膜

用SEM、EDS及XRD研究了Al₂O₃或TiO₂修饰对Fe-Cr-Al合金纤维载体表面形成致密α-Al₂O₃膜的影响因素,并分析了致密α-Al₂O₃膜的形成机理。结果表明,在900～1000 ℃范围内,当Fe-Cr-Al合金纤维经过含Al₂O₃的溶胶处理后,形成十分致密α-Al₂O₃膜;经含TiO₂的溶胶处理后,有利于在Fe-Cr-Al合金纤维载体表面形成稳定、均匀的α-Al₂O₃膜。α-Al₂O₃膜具有优异的耐高温、抗氧化特点,可有效提高Fe-Cr-Al合金纤维载体的使用性能。     

Pt改性对NiAl涂层氧化性能及显微组织的影响

使用大气等离子喷涂技术在哈氏合金X基体上制备NiAl涂层,再采用最优工艺在NiAl涂层上电镀Pt并进行真空扩散制备出高性能的Ni-Al-Pt涂层. 对NiAl涂层和Pt改性涂层进行高温氧化试验,观察并分析两种涂层的氧化行为、相成分以及微观组织. 氧化动力学曲线结果显示,与原始涂层相比,Pt改性涂层的氧化动力学曲线更接近抛物线,且氧化后期涂层增重较为缓慢. XRD结果表明,Pt改性涂层氧化初期即可在表面快速形成连续致密的Al₂O₃膜,氧化至90 h时,涂层表面仍主要为α-Al₂O₃. SEM结果显示,Pt改性涂层氧化30 min后,涂层表面出现θ-Al₂O₃和α-Al₂O₃的混生结构. 氧化35 h后,θ-Al₂O₃基本转化为连续致密的α-Al₂O₃. 氧化至90 h时,涂层表面主要由呈片状结构的α-Al₂O₃和团聚成球的NiO组成,涂层仍具有更高的抗氧化性能.     

激光重熔处理对铝合金微弧氧化层组织及性能的影响

采用激光重熔处理改善6061铝合金微弧氧化层的耐蚀性,采用光学显微镜、共聚焦显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、电化学工作站等研究了500～1000 W激光功率下微弧氧化层孔隙率、粗糙度、表面形貌、物相组成及耐蚀性能。结果表明,经过激光重熔处理后微弧氧化层主要由α-Al₂O₃和γ-Al₂O₃两相组成,随着激光功率的增加,γ-Al₂O₃向α-Al₂O₃转化的程度增加。激光功率为500～900 W时微弧氧化层孔隙率先增加后减小,但粗糙度变化不明显;1000 W时微弧氧化层鼓起、开裂,粗糙度、孔隙率增加。激光功率为900 W时微弧氧化层表面微孔孔径减小甚至闭合、裂纹数量减少,孔隙率降至最低,耐蚀性能最好。     

Through-thickness determination of phase composition and residual stresses in thermal barrier coatings using high-energy X-rays

High-energy X-rays were used to determine the local phase composition and residual stresses through the thickness of as-sprayed and heat-treated plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings consisting of a NiCoCrAlY bond coat and an yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) topcoat produced with through-thickness segmentation cracks. The as-sprayed residual stresses reflected the combined influence of quenching stresses from the plasma spray process, thermal expansion mismatch between the topcoat, bond coat and substrate, and stress relief from the segmentation cracks. Heat treatments led to the formation of a thermally grown oxide (TGO) which was in compression in the plane, as well as relief of quenching stresses and development of a stress gradient in the YSZ topcoat. The high-energy X-ray technique used in this study revealed the effects that TGO and segmentation cracks have on the in-plane stress state of the entire coating.     

Thermal fatigue behavior of thermal barrier coatings with the MCrAlY bond coats by cold spraying and low-pressure plasma spraying

The thermal fatigue behavior of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) with the NiCoCrAlTaY bond coats deposited by cold spraying and low-pressure plasma spraying (LPPS) was examined through thermal cyclic test. The TBCs were subjected to the pre-oxidation before the test in an Ar atmosphere. The results show that a more uniform TGO in both thickness and composition forms on the cold-sprayed bond coat than that deposited by LPPS. The TBCs with the cold-sprayed bond coat exhibit a longer thermal cyclic lifetime than that with the LPPS bond coat. The differences in oxidation behavior and thermal cyclic behavior between two TBCs were discussed based on the evident difference in the surface morphology of two MCrAlY bond coats deposited by cold spraying and LPPS.     

等离子喷涂热障涂层高温 TGO 的形成与生长研究

目的研究热障涂层(TBC)和纯粘结层(BC)在1100℃下的氧化动力学,探讨热障涂层中热生长氧化物(TGO)组织结构的演化规律。方法运用大气等离子喷涂技术(APS)制备涂层,对比分析热障涂层和纯粘结层涂层在1100℃下等温氧化2,5,10,20,50,100,200,350 h后TGO的厚度变化,并对粘结层表面和热障涂层截面分别进行XRD和SEM分析。结果热障涂层和纯粘结层在1100℃下的氧化动力学均遵循抛物线规律,其氧化速率常数分别为0.344,0.354μm/h0.5。等温氧化5 h后,TGO的主要成分为α-Al2O3;随氧化时间的增加,生成Cr2O3、尖晶石、Co O和Ni O的混合氧化物;等温氧化100 h后,Co O消失,Ni O的含量减少,Cr2O3和尖晶石氧化物的含量增加;等温氧化350 h后,TGO中出现了裂纹,但涂层仍未剥落,TGO最终由顶层多孔的混合氧化物层和底层具有柱状晶结构的α-Al2O3层组成。结论顶层陶瓷层(TC)对热障涂层氧化速率常数的影响很小。TGO中α-Al2O3首先形成并以柱状结晶的方式生长,混合氧化物在α-Al2O3上形成,TGO生长速度逐渐变缓。     

EB—PVD梯度热除涂层的热循环失效机制

了一种新型梯度结构的EB－PVD（电子束物理气相沉积）热障涂层的热循环性能,并分析了涂层的失效机制,结果表明,由于NiCoCrAlY粘结层以及在粘结层上形成的Ni3Al薄层发生了选择性氧化,从而在粘结层和梯度过渡层之间形成了一层Al2O3层,随着热循环时间增长,Al2O3层不断增厚,而且在热循环应力作用下,涂层最终沿Al2O3层内部断裂失效。     

Influence of Thermal Cycle Frequency on the TGO Growth and Cracking Behaviors of an APS-TBC

The durability of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) is controlled by fracture near the interface between the ceramic topcoat and the metallic bond coat, where a layer of thermally grown oxide (TGO) forms during service exposure. In the present work, the influence of thermal cycle frequency on the oxidation performance, in terms of TGO growth and cracking behavior, of an air-plasma-sprayed (APS) Co-32Ni-21Cr-8Al-0.5Y (wt.%) bond coat was studied. The results show that while TGO growth exhibited an initial parabolic growth behavior followed by an accelerated growth stage, higher cycle frequency resulted in a faster TGO growth and a higher crack propagation rate. It is found that a power-law relationship exists between the maximum crack length and the TGO thickness, which is independent of the cycle frequency. This relationship may warrant a TBC life prediction methodology based on the maximum crack length criterion.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on the Bond Coat Cyclic Oxidation Behaviour in an Air-plasma-sprayed Thermal Barrier Coating System

THE METALLIC BOND COAT is an importantconstituent in a TBC system.It enhances the adhesionof the ceramic thermal barrier layer(the topcoat)to thesubstrate and also provides oxidation protection to thesubstrate metal.The composition of the bond coat,generalized as M-Cr-Al-Y,where M represents Ni,Coand/or Fe,generally allows a layer of alumina(A12O3)to form during high temperature exposure.If acontinuous scale of A12O3forms along the interfacebetween the bond coat and the ceramic to…     

Thermally grown oxide growth behavior and spallation lives of solution precursor plasma spray thermal barrier coatings

The effects of thermally grown oxide (TGO) growth rate and bond coat oxidation behavior on the spallation lives of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) have been investigated. Yttria partially stabilized zirconia (7YSZ) coatings have been applied to various bond coat/superalloy substrate combinations using the Solution Precursor Plasma Spray (SPPS) process. The coatings have been furnace thermal cycled at 1121 °C, using one hour cycles. A large variation in the spallation lives, from 125 to 1230 cycles, has been observed and are attributed to (a) the spatially averaged TGO growth rate, (b) the maximum localized TGO thickness, (c) the formation of non-alumina oxides with weak interfaces, and (d) the formation of yttrium aluminate stringers in low pressure plasma spray (LPPS) processed bond coat. Of these four factors, the average TGO thickness is the most important. Surprisingly vacuum plasma sprayed bond coated samples consistently had shorter cyclic live compared to air plasma sprayed bond coated samples.     

粘结层预处理对PS-PVD沉积7YSZ热障涂层氧化行为的影响

目的提高PS-PVD沉积7YSZ热障涂层的抗高温氧化性能。方法采用等离子喷涂-物理气相沉积(PS-PVD)分别在未预处理和预处理(抛光+预氧化)的粘结层表面制备了柱状结构7YSZ热障涂层,并在大气环境下测试了柱状结构7YSZ热障涂层的950℃静态高温氧化性能。利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、能谱仪对高温氧化过程中的陶瓷层/粘结层界面形貌、TGO层结构演变进行表征。结果粘结层的抛光处理能够降低表面几何受力不均匀部位,抑制陶瓷层/TGO/粘结层界面处微裂纹的产生,同时粘结层的预氧化处理形成的薄而连续的TGO层能有效降低TGO的生长速度,抑制陶瓷层-粘结层之间的元素互扩散。柱状结构7YSZ涂层的高温氧化动力学曲线符合Wagner抛物线规律,粘结层未预处理和预处理的7YSZ热障涂层的氧化速率常数分别为0.101×10~(-12) cm~2/s和0.115×10~(-13) cm~2/s。结论粘结层预处理能有效改善等离子物理气相沉积7YSZ热障涂层的抗氧化性能。     

Performance of Dy2Zr2O7 Thermal Barrier Coating in Thermal-Shock Test

通过北气等离子喷涂(APS)制备了一种基于锆酸镝(Dy2Zr2O7)的新型热障涂层,该涂层具有更低的热导率及与镍基高温合金更匹配的热膨胀系数。对涂层的结构、相组成以及抗热震性能进行了研究。此外,对涂层在热震循冲过程中的失效过程进行了讨论。结果表明,在6~8次热震循冲后,涂层从基体表面脱落。陶瓷层中的微裂纹在热震过程中生长并导致粘结层界面附近的陶瓷层被压碎,从而最终导致陶瓷层的脱落。