CAG预激方案联合左旋门冬酰胺酶和泼尼松诱导治疗复发难治性前体淋巴细胞白血病/淋巴瘤

目的 寻找复发难治性前体淋巴细胞白血病/淋巴瘤诱导缓解的有效方法.方法 以CAG预激方案联合左旋门冬酰胺酶(L-Asp)和泼尼松(PDN)诱导治疗6例复发难治性前体淋巴细胞白血病/淋巴瘤和1例急性杂合细胞白血病.结果 6例患者完全缓解(CR),1例部分缓解(PR),总有效率100%(7/7),CR率85.7%(6/7).患者不良反应轻,均可耐受.结论 CAG联合L-Asp和PDN是复发难治性前体淋巴细胞白血病/淋巴瘤值得尝试的诱导化疗方案.     

MT方案治疗急性单核细胞白血病的疗效及其与染色体核型的关系

目的 研究米托蒽醌联合替尼泊苷(MT)方案在急性单核细胞白血病(M5)诱导缓解中的疗效及患者不良反应,并观察疗效与白血病染色体核型的关系.方法 将33例M5患者按治疗史分两组:初治组23例(A组)、DA(柔红霉素联合阿糖胞苷)或HDA(三尖杉酯碱、柔红霉素和阿糖胞苷)1个疗程无效组10例(B组).按核型预后分两组:预后中等组29例(C组),预后不良组4例(D组),均采用MT方案2个疗程诱导缓解,分别统计4组的临床疗效及患者不良反应.结果 MT方案对A、B组的M5诱导完全缓解(CR)率分别为83%(19/23)及60%(6/10),有效率达91%(21/23)及70%(7/10).C、D组CR率分别为83%(24/29)及25%(1/4),有效率为88%(26/29)及50%(2/4),其中复杂核型CR率为0(0/3),非复杂核型的11q23染色体异常患者一次化疗达CR率100%(4/4).MT方案对M5化疗后白细胞最低点在第(7±3)天出现,为(0.4±0.2)×109/L,白细胞<1×109/L时间达(8±5)d,未见化疗相关死亡病例.结论 MT方案简单有效、较安全,是治疗M5的较佳化疗方案,对1个疗程DA、HDA方案无效者亦可试用.MT方案化疗疗效与核型预后分组有关,对11q23染色体异常的M5患者疗效较好,对复杂核型患者疗效欠佳.     

EPOCH方案治疗老年人外周T细胞淋巴瘤的临床研究

目的 评价EPOCH方案治疗老年外周T细胞淋巴瘤( PTCL)患者的临床疗效和不良反应.方法 对经病理确诊为PTCL老年患者28例,采用EPOCH方案治疗:依托泊苷50 mg/m2、表柔比星12mg/m2、长春新碱0.4mg/m2溶解于0.9%NaCl溶液持续静脉滴注,第1天至第4天;环磷酰胺750 mg/m2静脉滴注,第5天;泼尼松60 mg/m2口服,第1天至第5天,每21 d为1个疗程.依据WHO标准进行疗效和安全性分析和评估.结果 28例患者共完成85个疗程EPOCH方案化疗,中位化疗2个疗程,完全缓解(CR)15例,部分缓解(PR)5例,总有效(OR)率71.4%(20/28),总体平均生存时间20个月.初治患者CR率64.7%(11/17),PR率23.5%(4/17),OR率88.2%(15/17),明显高于诱导化疗失败的难治性患者[分别为36.4%(4/11)、9.1%(1/11)和45.5%(5/11)].两组OR率比较差异有统计学意义(λ2=5.99,P＜0.05),且初治患者平均生存时间长于难治性患者(24个月与13个月).EPOCH方案化疗的主要毒副作用为骨髓抑制,其中Ⅲ～Ⅳ度粒细胞和血小板减少的发生率分别为53.6%(15/28)和50.0%(14/28),非血液毒性发生率较低,初治与难治性患者的不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 EPOCH方案是治疗老年PTCL患者有效而且耐受性较好的化疗方案.     

小剂量阿糖胞苷姑息治疗65岁以上老年人急性髓系白血病32例

目的 分析小剂量阿糖胞苷(Ara-C)治疗65岁以上老年人急性髓系白血病(AML)的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析32例65岁以上老年AML患者的临床资料,包括基础疾病、主要症状、临床特征、骨髓象、外周血、染色体、免疫分型、应用小剂量Ara-C化疗效果等.Ara-C 15 mg/m2,皮下注射,2次/d.结果 32例老年患者中,完全缓解(CR)3例(93%),部分缓解(PR)19例(58.3%),总有效率68.6%;FLT3-ITD阳性的患者疗效差,有染色体复杂异位的患者疗效差.结论 小剂量Ara-C姑息性治疗65岁以上AML患者有一定疗效,在一定程度上可以提高患者的生活质量,延长生存期.     

去甲氧柔红霉素或柔红霉素联合阿糖胞苷诱导治疗急性髓系白血病的疗效比较

目的 探讨去甲氧柔红霉素(IDA)+阿糖胞苷(Ara-c)(IA方案)及柔红霉素(DRA)+Ara-C(DA方案)诱导治疗急性髓系白血病(AML)的疗效的比较.方法 回顾性分析确诊并行IA方案(IDA每天8～12 mg/m2静脉滴注,第1天至第3天;Ara-C每天100～150 mg/m2,每12 h静脉滴注1次,第1天至第7天)或DA方案(DNR每天40～50 mg/m2静脉滴注,第1天至第3天;Ara-C用法同IA方案)诱导治疗的93例AML患者的临床资料,用SPSS13.0软件包对上述两个组的完全缓解(CR)率、有效率进行分析.结果 IA组和DA组的CR率为72.5%、47.2%(χ2=5.011,P<0.05),有效率为82.5%、77.4%(χ2=0.122,P>0.05).结论 对于急陛髓系白血病的诱导治疗,IA方案较DA方案具有更高的诱导CR率.     

CAG方案治疗低增生性急性髓系白血病29例

目的 观察CAG方案治疗低增生性急性髓系白血病(AML)的临床疗效.方法 对29例低增生性AML患者采用CAG方案,阿柔比星(Acla)14 mg/m2,第1天至第4天,静脉注射;阿糖胞苷(Ara-C)10 mg/m2,第1天至第14天,每12 h皮下注射;粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)200μg/m2,第1天至第14天,皮下注射,并于第1次注射Ara-C之前12 h开始使用,最后一次注射Ara-C前12 h停用;当中性粒细胞＞10×109/L时,暂时减少或停用G-CSF.结果 29例患者中完全缓解(CR)14例(48.3%),部分缓解(PR)7例(24.1%),总有效率72.4%,治疗失败(NR)7例,早期死亡1例.结论 CAG方案治疗低增生性AML安全有效,可有效缩短外周血粒细胞减少的时间,降低化疗相关死亡率.     

DAG方案治疗老年人低增生性急性髓系白血病18例

目的 观察低标准剂量DAG方案治疗老年人低增生性急性髓系白血病(AML)的疗效.方法 柔红霉素(DNR)40 mg/d,静脉注射,第1天至第3天;阿糖胞苷(Ara-C)100 mg/次,1次/12 h,静脉滴注,第1天至第7天;粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)150μg/d,皮下注射,第1天至第7天,休息14 d,重复化疗,2个疗程后评价疗效.结果 完全缓解(CR)9例(50.0%),部分缓解(PR)5例(27.7%),总有效率77.7%.结论 DAG方案治疗老年人低增生AML疗效显著,值得临床推广应用.     

Hyper CVAD B方案治疗难治性和复发性急性淋巴细胞白血病12例

目的 观察Hyper CVAD B方案治疗难治性和复发性急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)的疗效及患者不良反应.方法 选择12例难治性复发性ALL患者,应用Hyper CVAD B方案,具体根据患者年龄、体表面积、合并症进行调整用药剂量和用药间期,若1个疗程未达到完全缓解(CR)或部分缓解(PR),则进行第2个疗程,方案同前,2个疗程未达CR则换用其他方案.结果 12例患者中获得CR8例,PR 2例,NR 2例,总有效率83.3%.主要的不良反应是骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应、口腔溃疡,无严重的心肝肾功能改变和神经系统并发症.结论 Hyper CVAD B方案可作为难治性和复发性ALL的挽救治疗方案,患者不良反应可耐受.     

t(8;21)急性髓系白血病患者MICM分型及预后的回顾性分析

目的 分析t(8;21)急性髓系白血病(AML)患者的细胞形态学、免疫表型、遗传学、分子生物学(MICM)分型及临床治疗疗效.方法 运用瑞特染色法、FAB细胞形态分类标准、流式细胞术(FCM)直接免疫荧光标记技术、遗传学染色体吉姆萨显带技术及RT-PCR技术对70例确认有t(8;21)与AML1-ETO融合基因双阳性的AML患者及70例正常染色体核型的AML患者进行分析和比较.结果 70例t(8;21)AML患者中M11例,M2 64例,M4 3例,无法分型的急性白血病(AL)2例;免疫表型分析发现CD13、CD33、CD34、CD117高表达,40%表达CD19,11%表达CD15,10%表达CD11b,7%表达CD7;遗传学显示50%的t(8;21)AML患者有附加染色体异常,主要为性染色体丢失、9q-及超二倍体;RT-PCR检测AML1-ETO融合基因100%阳性.CD+19t(8;21)AML患者完全缓解(CR)率72%,CD+19伴CD+7t(8;21)AML患者CR率为0,正常核型CR率31%.结论 t(8;21)AML患者主要在M2中集中出现,附加染色体异常较多见.CD19表达较高,而CD7表达极低,CD34、CD117高表达,这些抗原的表达可能与核型密切相关.CD+19是预后良好的指标,但同时出现CD+7,则预后不良.     

硼替佐米联合异环磷酰胺、甲泼尼龙、沙利度胺方案治疗多发性骨髓瘤

目的 观察硼替佐米联合异环磷酰胺、甲泼尼龙、沙利度胺(V-CMPT方案)治疗多发性骨髓瘤(MM)的临床疗效和患者不良反应.方法 回顾性分析应用V-CMPT方案进行治疗的24例初治和复发难治MM患者资料,3周为1个周期,治疗2个周期.应用骨髓细胞学检查、M蛋白鉴定以及其他血液学指标评价病情及疗效.结果 初治的9例患者中,完全缓解(CR)3例、部分缓解(PR)5例、轻微缓解(MR)1例;复发难治的15例患者中,CR2例、接近完全缓解(nCR)2例、PR 3例、MR 6例、无变化(NC)2例;两组间总缓解率(ORR)(P=0.511)及CR/nCR率(P=1.000)差异无统计学意义.总的CR/nCR率29.2%(7/24),ORR达到91.7%(22/24).2个周期V-CMPT化疗后,患者的血红蛋白、血清清蛋白及血清β2微球蛋白得到明显改善.不良反应包括胃肠道反应、血小板减少、周围神经病变等,经对症处理或间歇期停药多好转,不影响化疗的继续进行.结论 V-CMPT方案对初治和复发难治性MM临床疗效明显,能够明显改善血液学指标,药物耐受性良好.     

Histamine and interleukin-2 in acute myelogenous leukemia

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) activates natural killer (NK)-cells to destroy leukemic blasts from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), but even aggressive regimens of IL-2 fail to prevent relapse or prolong remission time in AML. Results obtained in studies of NK-cell-mediated killing of AML blasts show that monocytes inhibit IL-2-induced lysis of AML blasts in vitro. Histamine, a biogenic amine, prevents the monocyte-derived, inhibitory signal; thereby, histamine and IL-2 synergize to induce killing of AML blasts. Here we present updated results of a post-consolidation trial in which histamine (0.5-0.7 mg s.c. bid) has been administered together with IL-2 (1 micro/kg s.c. bid) to 22 AML patients (aged 29-79, mean 59) in repeated courses of three weeks, continued until relapse or until a disease-free remission of 24 months. Low-dose therapy with cytarabine and thioguanine was given between the initial courses of histamine/IL-2. In 13 patients, treatment according to this protocol was started in first complete remission (CR1). The mean remission time in CR1 patients is 19 (median 14) months, and 9/13 remain in CR. Nine patients have entered the protocol in CR2 (n=6), CR3 (n=2), or CR4 (n=1). The mean remission time in CR2-4 is 19 (median 21) months, and 6/9 patients remain in CR. Seven out of seven evaluable patients have achieved a duration of CR which exceeds that of the foregoing remission. Histamine has been well tolerated, and 21/22 CR patients have treated themselves at home throughout the trial. We conclude that the putative benefit of histamine treatment in AML should be the focus of a randomized trial.     

Clinical analysis of elderly patients with malignant lymphoma

An epidemiological study on 173 consecutive elderly malignant lymphoma patients age 65 years or over was performed and the clinical outcome of chemotherapy is reported. Of there, 131 patients (75.7%) had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and 21 patients had Hodgkin's disease (HD). As for clinical staging, 58.9% of patients were in stage 3 or 4. The initial sites were nodal in 61.8% of the patients the most common sites of involvement in superficial lymph nodes being cervical, inguinal and axillar. The most frequent site of extranodal involvement was the gastrointestinal tract. The cases were treated with CHOP/COPP, BACOP or COP-BLAM combination chemotherapy. The clinical efficacy of these modalities was similar, with complete remission rates being about 50%. However, the total response rate (CR+partial remission) by the COP-BLAM regimen were 88.1%. The median survival time of cases achieving CR, was longer than 47 months. The most frequent cause of death was infection, especially pneumonia and septicemia. Many elderly ML patients were found and diagnosed when the disease developed to an advanced stage. Therefore it is necessary to make efforts to find early ML patients by screening apparently healthy elderly people. Improvement of the complete remission rate should be obtained if vigorous and intensive chemotherapy is carried out with careful supportive therapy concerning the general condition and complications in patients.     

Age-adapted moderate-dose induction and flexible outpatient postremission therapy for elderly patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

We report the results of a recent trial in elderly acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients (> or = 60 years). Initial chemotherapy consisted of one 14-day course with single-dose idarubicin plus vincristine-prednisone-L-asparaginase. Idarubicin was preferred to other anthracyclines because of its shorter time to response. Sequential outpatient postremission therapy included single-dose idarubicin plus vincristine-cyclophosphamide-L-asparaginase pulses, cranial irradiation with intrathecal methotrexate-cytarabine, flexible weekly vincristine-cyclophosphamide alternating with cytarabine-teniposide, and two-year standard maintenance with mercaptopurine-methotrexate. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was added to induction and early consolidation courses. Twenty-two patients mainly with high-risk features entered the study: median age was 64 years (60-73), 40% of cases were CD10- B-lineage and T-lineage ALL, 38% of CD10+ B-lineage ALL carried a BCR-ABL rearrangement, while 23% coexpressed myeloid antigen, 86% had L2 morphology, 50% had a blast count greater than 10 x 10(9)/1, 54% had hepato-splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. The complete remission (CR) rate after induction therapy was 59%. A partial remission was obtained in two cases. There were four early deaths (18%) and three refractory ALL (14%). Median time to response was 21 days. With G-CSF, the median duration of absolute neutropenia was 10.5 days. Flexible postremission therapy was very well tolerated, causing no major toxicity. With a median follow-up of 2.6 years, 3 patients remain alive in first CR (23%), 2 of whom at 21.3 months and 39.6 months, respectively. Median survival of responders was 12 months compared to only 1.2 months for nonresponders (p < 0.001). This moderate-dose idarubicin-containing and G-CSF-supported regimen was associated with a high early remission rate in elderly ALL. Postremission therapy results were modest, though not appreciably different from the general experience in this patient population. Because further escalation of drug intensity appears unjustified, attempts to document and reverse drug resistance patterns and restore a dysregulated apoptosis must be considered.     

Head nurse and nursing expert--it is possible to achieve successful cooperation

Fourteen poor risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients were treated with G-CSF prior (from day 0) and during chemotherapy with fludarabine and Ara-C from day 1 to day 5 (the FLAG regimen). Several biological parameters were monitored on the blast population: multidrug resistance (MDR) functional expression by rhodamine-123 efflux (Rhd-E), cell cycle changes, induction of apoptosis and leukemic clonogenic cell growth (CFU-L). The mean basal Rhd-E value was 14.4% (range 0-51.2), and 12/14 patients exhibited a dye efflux > 4%, efficiently blocked by the MDR-reversal agent cyclosporin A. After 24 h of G-CSF administration, cell cycle studies showed in bone marrow (BM) samples a significant mean increase in S phase (p = 0.04) and in RNA content of G1 cells (p = 0.01), coupled to a significant increase in apoptosis (p = 0.02). Clonogenic cell growth analysis showed a twofold increase in BM CFU-L in 6 of the 14 cases tested. When G-CSF activity was assessed without the addition of exogenous growth factors (autonomous proliferation), a significant increase (p = 0.02) in CFU-L was found only in patients who achieved a complete remission (CR); these patients were also characterized by lower S-phase values at diagnosis. Eight of the 14 patients treated achieved CR, but the median response duration was three months, and only two cases are still in CR. The FLAG regimen can thus induce remission in poor risk AML patients. The responses, however, are short, suggesting that resistant cells are not efficiently affected by either the use of agents not involved in the MDR-efflux mechanism or by the G-CSF priming strategy. Other post-induction therapies need to be considered in further approaches.     

Chemotherapy of acute myeloblastic leukaemia with DAM regimen

32 patients of denovo-ANLL were treated with Doxorubicin, Ara-C and 6-Mercaptopurine (DAM) regimen. Remission induction was instituted with 1-3 cycles of DAM regimen and maintenance was given by 6-MP continuously with intermittent DA (1,5) regimen. In the remission induction, Doxorubicin 30 mg/m2 for 3 days, Ara-C 150 mg/m2 for 5 days and 6-Mp 100 mg/m2 daily was given. Complete remission (CR) was observed in 60% cases. The probability of 2 years disease-free survival of patients with complete remission is 56.73%.     

Two conformational states of Candida rugosa lipase

A retrospective analysis was performed on 235 elderly acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) patients aged 60 years or more, consecutively admitted to a single haematological department during a 10-year period from 1980 to 1989. 46% of patients received only conventional induction chemotherapy. The rate of inclusion in EORTC cooperative clinical trials was significantly lower than for younger patients despite specific protocols proposed for the elderly since 1983, thus confirming the important selection bias of most published series on elderly AML patients. Compared with treatment results in patients < 60 years, complete remission (CR) rate was lower (33.3% v 65.4%, P < 0.0001), with a marked drop in patients older than 70, and induction death rate was higher (21.3% v 12.5%, P = 0.04). Intrinsic characteristics of leukaemic cells, especially expression of the MDR1 gene, in vitro growth of the leukaemic clonogenic cells and sensitivity to daunorubicin-(+)cytosine arabinoside, did not differ according to age, except that there was a higher incidence of previous myelodysplastic syndromes and a lower incidence of good prognostic cytogenetics in the elderly patients. Thus, treatment failure in elderly AML patients appears to be mainly due to host-related factors (especially performance status and age < or > or = 70 years), and to inadequate treatments. Some elderly patients may have been undertreated because of the planned anthracycline dose reduction, resulting in a higher rate of 'resistant' AML, i.e. patients surviving the induction period without entering into CR, than in younger patients (45.4% v 22.1%, P < 0.0001). 11 patients (4.7%) with untreated or 'resistant' AML survived more than 1 year, while receiving only supportive care. These slowly progressive AML patients were characterized by a good performance status, and lower circulating blast cells and bone marrow blast counts.     

吉西他滨联合卡铂作为诱导方案治疗老年不可手术的非小细胞肺癌

Objective:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of gemcitabine (GEM) and carboplatin (CBP) used as induction regimen in the treatment of elderly patients with locally advanced unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Seventy-eight cases of elderly patients have been cytologically and pathologically confirmed with locally advanced unresectable NSCLC, the age of the patients ranged from 65 to 75 years. The patients were treated with the combined regimen of gemcitabine and cisplatin. GEM 1000 mg/m2 intravenously injected by drip on the 1st, 8th day and the dosage of CBP was AUC 4 that was used on the 1st day, 21 days apart to each cycle, most patients received 2 cycles. Treatment response was evaluated according to the criteria of RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor), the side effect of the regimen was judged based on WHO criteria. Results: Seventy-eight patients were evaluated and received a total of 156 cycles chemotherapy. There were no complete regression that could be observed, but 32 cases had partial regression (PR), 37 cases with no change (NC) and 9 cases with progression disease (PD). The overall response rate was 41.0%. The main side effects were hematological toxicity. Conclusion: The GC regimen could be used as induction treatment for elderly patients with locally advanced unresectable NSCLC, and the regimen could be well tolerated and is safe in terms of side effects.