气体流动条件下钴基催化剂固定床的传热

在气体流量4~8 Nm3/h、气体分布器进口温度190~210℃、加热管壁温约240℃的条件下,对气体流动时活性组分呈蛋壳型分布的钴基催化剂固定床的传热进行了实验研究,建立了二维拟均相传热模型,利用正交配置法和Levenberg-Marquardt法对其求解,得到了钴基催化剂床层径向有效导热系数及壁给热系数的关联式,并将传热参数与由气体处于静态时固定床的有效导热系数计算而得的固定床传热参数值进行了比较,在气体入口温度范围内考察了其对固定床传热参数的影响. 结果表明,实验所得传热参数与文献值的最大偏差绝对值均在15%以内.     

绝热固定床反应器的研究——(Ⅱ)床内定态温度分布

本文运用一维非均相动态模型,研究了绝热固定床反应器床内定态温度分布问题.由于床内温度分布直接关系到反应器内高温区长度,因而对温度分布影响因素的研究甚为重要.本研究分别阐明了催化剂层、气体及器壁导热对床层温度分布的影响,并以实例予以说明.研究表明,实验型反应器器壁导热的影响不容忽视,因而将实验数据用于放大时必须考虑器壁导热的影响.     

异形多通孔催化剂工程研究(III)——12孔及24孔颗粒固定床传热参数测定

对两种薄片结构的异形多通孔催化剂颗粒的传热特性进行实验研究。在一可同时测定轴向和径向温度分布的壁冷式固定床中测定了12孔及24孔异形多通孔颗粒的温度分布，利用所测实验数据对拟均相二维模型进行了径向有效导热系数和壁给热系数的计算。将得到的传热参数与雷诺数相关联，并与相似条件下圆柱形及单孔环柱形催化剂颗粒的传热参数进行比较。结果表明，12孔及24孔异形多通孔颗粒能有效改善固定床传热性能。     

泡沫混凝土的导热系数和强度研究

本文通过对泡沫混凝土的导热系数以及气孔孔径实验数据的分析得到其导热系数随气孔含量变化以及孔径与体积密度的基本规律,同时验证了作者所提出的两相复合材料导热系数公式,通过与泡沫混凝土的导热系数实验数据的拟合得到了该公式中的针对泡沫混凝土的特征参数t.并通过有限元数值模拟计算结果得出,泡沫混凝土的气孔孔径对其绝热性能和力学性能的提升没有有效的帮助.     

固定床内错流传热——II.床层对壁给热系数的经验关联式

采用3种导热性能不同的固体颗粒为填充物,以空气为介质,在床层被加热的情况下,研究了固定床中内置圆管的错流传热.采用最小二乘法对实验数据进行拟合,得到以床层对壁的平均给热系数、气体的导热系数和床层中被加热圆管的管径计算的Nusselt准数经验关联式:Nuf=31(lb0/ls)1.4(Db/Dp)0.2Rep0.33Pr0.62,Rep=10~180,Db/Dp=28~116,lb0/ls=0.5~0.2.Reynolds数以固体颗粒的等外表面积当量直径进行计算.结果表明,在错流传热过程中,表征气体流动特性的参数Rep仍是错流传热的重要影响因素,Nusselt准数除与床层的结构参数Db和颗粒的当量直径Dp有关外,还与颗粒的导热系数ls和床层的导热系数lbo密切相关.     

固定床内错流传热——-II. 床层对壁给热系数的经验关联式

采用3种导热性能不同的固体颗粒为填充物，以空气为介质，在床层被加热的情况下，研究了固定床中内置圆管的错流传热. 采用最小二乘法对实验数据进行拟合，得到以床层对壁的平均给热系数、气体的导热系数和床层中被加热圆管的管径计算的Nusselt准数经验关联式: Nuf 31( b0/ s)1.4(Db/Dp)0.2Rep0.33Pr0.62, Rep 10 180, Db/Dp 28 116, b0/ s 0.5 0.2. Reynolds数以固体颗粒的等外表面积当量直径进行计算. 结果表明，在错流传热过程中，表征气体流动特性的参数Rep仍是错流传热的重要影响因素，Nusselt准数除与床层的结构参数Db和颗粒的当量直径Dp有关外，还与颗粒的导热系数 s和床层的导热系数 bo密切相关.     

碳酸二乙酯液相导热系数实验研究

为了给可替代清洁燃料的研究提供急需的基础物性数据,利用瞬态单热线法对温度区间为250～390K、压力区间为0.1～30MPa的碳酸二乙酯（DEC）的导热系数进行了实验研究。将实验数据拟合成关于温度和压力的导热系数方程,并分析了碳酸二乙酯导热系数与温度和压力的关系,方程采用完全三次多项式形式。结果表明,碳酸二乙酯的导热系数随温度升高而减小,随压力的升高而增大。实验数据与拟合方程计算值的最大偏差为-1.94%,绝对平均偏差为0.84%。另外,文中对改进的瞬态单热线测量导热系数实验装置以及所采用的测量系统进行了说明。     

丁酮肟-丁酮、丁酮肟-正己烷体系导热系数的测定

导热系数是重要的化工基础数据。研究者新建了一套瞬态热线法测量液体导热系数的装置,该装置由热导池、恒温系统、电路系统、数据采集系统组成,经标定有效铂丝长度后,实验值与文献值平均偏差在1%以内。为了给丁酮肟合成及丁酮肟下游产品开发提供基础数据,使用该装置测定了丁酮肟-丁酮、丁酮肟-正己烷体系在常压、288～328 K下的导热系数,并将实验数据拟合成关于组成和温度的方程,拟合相对平均偏差分别为0.13%、0.36%。     

耐硫甲烷化催化剂的有效导热系数研究

在常压空气气氛下采用稳态法测试了KD306型耐硫甲烷化催化剂的有效导热系数,运用Woodside随机模型,建立了反应状态下有效导热系数的计算模型。研究表明,该催化剂有效导热系数较大,温度、压力影响明显,组成影响较小。     

甲基叔丁基醚饱和液相导热系数的实验研究

利用瞬态双热线法测量了243—403 K温度范围内饱和液相甲基叔丁基醚的导热系数,并将实验数据拟合为温度的关联式。实验数据与导热系数关联式计算结果的标准偏差和最大偏差分别为0.30%和0.89%,导热系数的合成标准不确定度小于±1.0%。甲基叔丁基醚导热系数的实验研究为正在进行的甲基叔丁基醚替代物筛选提供急需的基础热物性数据,对改进汽油、柴油质量,提高油品的环境友好性及推广使用清洁燃料方面有重要价值。     

测定多孔性固体催化剂颗粒有效导热系数的新方法

提出了一种测定空气中催化剂有效导热系数的方法。该方法简便、易行,实验误差小于5％.在此基础之上用woodside随机分布模型计算了反应条件下催化剂有效导热系数。误差分析表明：该模型误差较小,完全可以用于工程计算。     

EFFECTIVE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF BINARY MIXTURES AT HIGH SOLID TO GAS CONDUCTIVITY RATIOS

The effective thermal conductivity of single size and binary mixtures of packed particle beds with stagnant gas at high solid/gas conductivity ratios is determined by a deterministic, unit cell approach. The model results are shown to be in good agreement with experimental data for various gas pressures and solid to gas thermal conductivity ratios up to 1300. A set of correlations for effective conductivity of binary mixtures as a function of gas pressure and particle size is derived. The effect of particle swelling on the effective conductivity of binary mixtures is studied by performing a parametric study of the contact area between the particles     

THERMAL AND MASS DIFFUSIVITY FROM DYNAMIC SINGLE PELLET EXPERIMENTS

The single-pellet moment techniques previously developed for the evaluation of effective diffusion coefficient and effective thermal conductivity of a porous solid are combined and a procedure is proposed for the simultaneous evaluation of these constants from a single set of pulse response experiments. It is shown that both temperature and concentration response curves can be measured from a single pulse of oxygen injected into hydrogen carrier gas flowing past a catalyst pellet. It is shown that the zeroth moment of the concentration response peaks are sufficient for finding the effective diffusivity while both zeroth and first order moments are required for thermal conductivity. Experiments conducted at 110^°C with a boehmite pellet of porosity 0.57 gave a thermal conductivity value of 3.6 x 10^-4 cal/cm ^°K s and an effective diffusivity (for H₂O) of 0.054 cm2/s. The adsorption equilibrium constant of H₂O was determined as ρ_pK = 24.5 from the first moment data. If sorption resistance to diffusion through the pellet is included in the diffusion coefficient, an apparent value of 0.0011 cm2/s would be obtained for D_eff. This result indicates the importance of separation of diffusion and sorption parameters in the analysis.     

高温后钢纤维加强混凝土有效导热系数计算方法

钢纤维加强混凝土(SFRC)的导热系数是结构抗火性能模拟的重要参数,快速准确获得其高温前后导热系数具有重要意义。因此提出一种SFRC导热系数细观多尺度计算方法,其特点是考虑高温下混凝土材料细观热开裂行为(裂缝热阻效应),而非利用细观组分导热系数随温度变化关系进行计算。通过试验获得砂浆、高强混凝土与钢纤维体积分数分别为1%和2%的SFRC在高温(20 ℃、60 ℃、150 ℃、300 ℃、450 ℃和600 ℃)前后的孔隙率和导热系数,以验证所提方法。结果表明:当界面热阻系数随温度线性增加时,模型与试验结果吻合较好;当温度达到600 ℃时,由界面热阻效应引起的砂浆、高强混凝土,以及纤维体积分数为1%和2%的SFRC的导热系数的降低分别约占50%、36%、7%和12%;当高强混凝土的界面热阻系数取0.4,SFRC的界面热阻系数取1.0时,高导热系数颗粒的添加对复合材料的有效导热系数没有增益作用。     

Particle-fluid heat transfer and dispersion in fluidised beds

The dynamic response of a gas fluidised bed has been measured for a range of particle sizes of lead glass ballotini and a range of particle Reynolds numbers. A dispersion model has been formulated that includes the effects of gas and particle mixing, fluid-to-particle heat transfer and intraparticle thermal conductivity, and the dynamic thermal response in theory has been found by solving the partial differential equations in the Laplace transform domain. The coefficient of thermal dispersion, the particle-to-fluid heat transfer coefficient and the intraparticle thermal conductivity have been found for the experimental response by non-linear regression. The coefficient of axial dispersion was found to be large and the particle to fluid heat transfer coefficients agreed with an established correlation for fixed and fluidised beds. The intraparticle thermal conductivity agreed with literature values for lead glass, the estimates showed no trend with flowrate, and the standard deviation of the estimate was three times smaller than the deviation found from similar experiments in fixed beds.     

基于导热形状因子的泡沫金属导热特性分析

通过理论分析引入用于定向计算泡沫金属等效热导率的导热形状因子（m）,并基于文献报道的大量实验数据对m进行了计算和分析。研究发现,m随泡沫金属材质、孔隙率及孔密度变化呈显著随机波动现象,无固定趋势或规律可循;泡沫金属等效热导率的准确预测需纳入多孔泡沫结构定向形变效应影响。鉴于此,通过直接数值模拟获得了m随孔胞形变参数（即沿泡沫金属宏观传热方向与其垂直方向的胞径比）变化的无量纲准则关联式,进而提出了基于m定向预测泡沫金属等效热导率的新方法。对比文献报道实验数据及基于各向同性结构假设的理论模型预测结果发现,上述方法可提高等效热导率的预测精度（平均偏差为0.77%）。     

影响硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料导热系数因素的研究及配方优化

详细研究了密度、催化剂、水分、F_(11)用量和聚醚对硬质聚氨酯泡沫导热系数的影响。实验结果表明,密度对导热系数的影响有一峰值,即最佳点,聚醚、催化剂、匀泡剂、F_(11)用量对导热系数都有明显的影响,水分对导热系数影响十分敏感。同时进行了配方优化,得到了最优配方。     

Thermal properties of silicate esters

Fourteen dimethyldialkoxysilanes are prepared by reacting dimethyldichlorosilane with corresponding alcohols in the liquid phase. Their physicochemical properties are determined by standard methods and their tentative empirical formulae are elucidated. The thermal conductivity values of dimethyldialkoxysilanes are determined using a two slab guarded hot plate apparatus over a temperature range of 30–190°C. The thermal conductivity values of dimethyldialkoxysilanes calculated from empirical equations are found to vary from -14% to +19%. Because thermal conductivity is an important parameter in heat transfer calculations, and to minimise the deviation of the values, new equations involving easily measurable ultrasonic parameters have been formulated. The proposed equations have been tested for the series of dimethyldialkoxysilanes, tetraalkoxysilanes and polydimethylsiloxanes. The thermal conductivity values computed from the proposed equations are comparable with experimental thermal conductivity values. Further, an equation involving the calculation of thermal conductivity values at varying temperatures is also proposed.     

Thermophysical behavior of thermal sprayed yttria stabilized zirconia based composite coatings

The effective thermal conductivity of a composite coating depends on intrinsic thermal conductivity of the constituent phases, its characteristics (size, shape) and volume fraction of porosities. The present study concerns studying the effect of CoNiCrAlY and Al₂O₃ content on the coefficient of thermal expansion and thermal conductivity of the YSZ (YSZ-CoNiCrAlY and YSZ-Al₂O₃) based composite coatings developed by thermal spray deposition technique. The coefficient of thermal expansion and thermal conductivity of the composite coatings were measured by push rod dilatometer and laser flash techniques, respectively, from room temperature to 1000 °C. Variation in density, porosity, coefficient of thermal expansion, and thermal conductivity was observed in the composite coatings with the addition of different volume fraction of CoNiCrAlY and Al₂O₃ powders in YSZ-CoNiCrAlY and YSZ-Al₂O₃ composites, respectively. Comparison between the theoretical and experimental thermal conductivities showed a mismatch varying from 4% to 58% for YSZ-CoNiCrAlY composite coatings and from 58% to 80% for YSZ-Al₂O₃ composite coatings. Model based analyses were used to understand the mechanism of thermal conductivity reduction in the composite coatings. It was concluded that the morphology of porosities varied with composition.