Tarim Oil Field Company Oil Output Exceeds 5 Million Tons

PetroChina Tarim Oil Field Company (Tarim Oil Field), located in the hinterland of Takelamagan Desert in Northwest Xinjiang Autonomous Region,produced 5.006 million tons of crude oil in 2002,ranking it as the sixth largest onshore oil field in China. This is the first time Tarim Oil Field has topped 5 million tons for its crude production.     

Crude oil imports expected to grow 1.2% in 2008

China＇s first grid-connected solar power station built in a desert entered operation in late December in Wuwei City, Northwest China＇s Gansu Province. Built with a total installed capacity of 1 megawatt, the Datang Wuwei Solar Power Station in Tengger Desert was developed by the China Datang Corporation, China＇s second largest power producer. Only half of the planned installed capacity was in production on Friday, which will have an annual output of 870,000 kWh. The project is scheduled for full completion by the end of next year. The desert enjoys 2,210 hours of sunshine a year usable for power generation, which mean a 1-megawatt solar panel can generate 1.74 million kWh of electricity a year. The operation of the solar station is a breakthrough in the country＇s exploitation of the solar energy in desert region.     

Changbei Wells:Shell Drills Gas Project in China

The Changbei field area in the Ordos plateau, at the southern tip of the Gobi Desert, is twice the size of Beijing city.To supply gas for the Olympics, Shell is drilling the longest horizontal wells ever attempted in mainland     

NG Production Capacity of One BCM Built in Daniudi

Daniudi gasfield is located at the north to Ordos Basin and in the central part of Maowusu Desert, and in the common boundary of Yijinhuoluo and Wushen counties, Inner Mongolia Automous Region and Yulin City, Shaanxi Province, is an important part of Tabamiao natural gas exploration area in the northern Ordos Basin where operated by Sinopec. At present, Daniudi project, as one bright spot in the Sinopec’s upstream projects in this year, is regarded as one of the best and fastest projec…     

Changbei Wells： Shell Drills Gas Project in China

The Changbei field area in the Ordos plateau, at the southern tip of the Gobi Desert, is twice the size of Beijing city.
To supply gas for the Olympics, Shell is drilling the longest horizontal wells ever attempted in mainland China. In the process, the company has had to assess and overcome cultural differences in working procedures, establish a sound local organization committed to stringent HSE standards and improve preventive maintenance scheduling and drillstring management.     

Geological characteristics and accumulation mechanisms of the “continuous” tight gas reservoirs of the Xu2 Member in the middlesouth transition region, Sichuan Basin, China

“Continuous” tight gas reservoirs are those reservoirs which develop in widespread tight sandstones with a continuous distribution of natural gas. In this paper, we summarize the geological features of the source rocks and “continuous” tight gas reservoirs in the Xujiahe Formation of the middlesouth transition region, Sichuan Basin. The source rocks of the Xu1 Member and reservoir rocks of the Xu2 Member are thick (Xu1 Member: 40 m, Xu2 Member: 120 m) and are distributed continuously in this study area. The results of drilled wells show that the widespread sandstone reservoirs of the Xu2 Member are charged with natural gas. Therefore, the natural gas reservoirs of the Xu2 Member in the middle-south transition region are “continuous” tight gas reservoirs. The accumulation of “continuous” tight gas reservoirs is controlled by an adequate driving force of the pressure differences between source rocks and reservoirs, which is demonstrated by a “one-dimensional” physical simulation experiment. In this simulation, the natural gas of “continuous” tight gas reservoirs moves forward with no preferential petroleum migration pathways (PPMP), and the natural gas saturation of “continuous” tight gas reservoirs is higher than that of conventional reservoirs.     

The application of amplitude-preserved processing and migration for carbonate reservoir prediction in the Tarim Basin, China

Conventional seismic exploration method based on post-stack data usually fails to identify the distribution of fractured and caved carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim Basin,so the rich pre-stack information should be applied to the prediction of carbonate reservoirs.Amplitude-preserved seismic data processing is the foundation.In this paper,according to the feature of desert seismic data (including weak reflection,fast attenuation of high frequency components,strong coherent noises,low S/N and resolution),a set of amplitude-preserved processing techniques is applied and a reasonable processing flow is formed to obtain the high quality data.After implementing a set of pre-stack amplitude-preserved processing,we test and define the kernel parameters of amplitude-preserved Kirchhoff PSTM (pre-stack time migration) and subsequent gathers processing,in order to obtain the amplitude-preserved gathers used to the isotropic pre-stack inversion for the identification of caved reservoirs.The AVO characteristics of obtained gathers fit well with the synthetic gathers from logging data,and it proves that the processing above is amplitudepreserved.The azimuthal processing techniques,including azimuth division and binning enlargement,are implemented for amplitude-preserved azimuthal gathers with the uniform fold.They can be used in the anisotropic inversion to detect effective fractures.The processing techniques and flows are applied to the field seismic data,and are proved available for providing the amplitude-preserved gathers for carbonate reservoir prediction in the Tarim Basin.     

Anti-inflammatory and Chemical Composition of Two Plants Family Asteraceae Growing in Saudi Arabia

The study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and composition of essential oil of two plant family Asteraceae, Achillea fragrantissima and Lactuca serriola growing under dry desert condition. The anti-inflammatory effect of volatile oil extracted by hydrodistillation of plants was studied using carrageenan induced paw edema. Essential oil （100 mg/kg） and （200 mg/kg） were tested the two plant show high inhibition after 4 h, concentration （200 mg/kg） show high inhibition than （100 mg/kg） after 4 h. Sesqui sabinene hydrate, Azuline and u-Bisabolol are the main constituents of the volatile oil were investigated by capillary GC （gas chromatography） and GC-MS （gas chromatography-mass spectrometry）. The discussion shows the role of chemical compound azulene in inflammatory inhibition.     

Tremendous Task Facing China＇s Oil Refining Industry

China‘s oil refining industry was ironically described as “small tea pot” industry in the 1950s. Currently, China has established a comparatively complete oil refining system, taking an important position in the world after the efforts of more than five decades. First of all. Chinas refining capacity has grown significantly. The nation‘s crude processing capacity reached 304 million tons in 2003 with the actual processing volume amounting to 26““7 million tons,ranking the second in the world. Secondly, remarkable achievements have been made in the expansion of refineries and units. Thirdly, the system of scientific research, designing， construction, manufacture and production has been established for oil refining industry.Fourthly, the quality of oil products is continually on the rise. Finally, the long-distance pipelines for transmission of crude and oil products experienced a rapid development.Although the eye-catching achievements have been made in China‘s oil refining industry, the situation facing the nation is not optimistic in the future owing to the following reasons.     

Problems and Strategies of China’s Natural Gas Industry

Although significant progress in China’s natural gas industry has been made since the adoption of the “Eighth Five-Year Plan”(from 1991 to 1995), some problems still exist in the aspects of gas resources, exploitation, utilization and macromanagement, and hinder a further development of the natural gas industry. A series of strategies for solving the problems was put forward, including accurate orientation of the natural gas industry, strengthening the construction of gas transmission and distribution networks, comprehensive exploitation policies for “integration of up-and-downstream”, government-supported gas-preferential policies, construction of the gas market frameworks and devoting strong effort to the new market development.     

沙漠超细砂配制砂浆、混凝土的应用研究

根据塔克拉玛干沙漠中超细砂的物理化学持性，通过调整配比原则和掺入外加剂的途径，探索利用超细砂代替普通工程砂，配制砂浆和混凝土，经过工程现场试验，表明可以在塔克拉玛干沙漠的工程建设中应用。     

塔里木沙漠公路科技攻关综述

世人瞩目的塔里木沙漠公路为“八五”国家重点攻关项目，获“1995年十项重大科技成就”荣誉称号。本文综述沙漠公路塔中段科技攻关的主要决策管理过程，报道多项科技成果工程化产业化的实施步骤，介绍针对公路沿线地理气候特征的防沙治沙的主导攻关方向、主要成果及其维护生态平衡和沙漠公路的积极保障作用。     

沙漠公路固化材料的研究与应用

本文介绍新型NS系列固化材料的特性及其在塔里木沙漠石油公路筑路工程中的应用。经现场筑路证明，以水淬矿渣与多种添加剂为主要成分的NS固化材料能就地固结沙漠沙，使铺筑后的道路具有较小的干燥收缩、温度收缩和较好的抗冻融耐久性，可采用集中搅拌法或路拌法施工。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠区浅表层对地震波的吸收衰减作用

人们普遍认为疏松沙丘对地震波的吸收衰减是导致塔克拉玛干沙漠区地震资料信噪比及分辨率均较低的重要因素,因此探究沙漠区近地表对地震波的吸收衰减程度,对地震数据现场采集及后续处理中采取有针对性的措施具有指导意义。以塔克拉玛干沙漠古城地区为实例,总结分析了近地表疏松沙丘的特点,采用蜂窝状放置法对不同厚度沙丘进行吸收衰减调查试验,通过谱比法探讨了该区沙漠表层对地震波的吸收衰减规律。试验结果表明:疏松沙丘对主频在40Hz以内的地震波的能量和频率的吸收衰减并不严重;在沙漠地表区,若未采用检波器组合接收,即使将其埋置于疏松沙层之下的高速层中,仍难以获得高品质地震资料。     

基于一维弹性阻尼波动理论的沙丘Q吸收补偿

塔克拉玛干沙漠是世界上第二大沙漠，最高的沙丘可达３００ｍ左右。鉴于该区的短波长静校正已基本解决，目前的主要困难是资料的低信噪比和低分辨率问题。为此，本文从沙漠地区实际地震资料的分析入手，提出了基于一维弹性阻尼波劝理论的少天Ｑ吸收补偿方法。这一方法不仅克服了从低信噪比资料中求取子波的困难，而且避开了同沙丘起伏、激发深度与能量的大小、频率高低等的变化所带来的影响，能较好地依靠沙丘起伏的物理机制来补偿水     

塔克拉玛干地区低信噪比地震资料处理

在塔克拉玛干大沙漠区,由于沙层巨厚(200m)及中、新生代地层界面的屏蔽,使得深层反射能量异常微弱.因此在叠加前,为了提高单炮记录的信噪比,主要采取了四项处理:①对记录道作人工静校正和剩余静校正;②用F-K滤波消除线性干扰;③使用增益控制,压制强噪声,提高弱信号强度;④进行动校正组合.在叠后采用15-25道相干加强,以及增益和时变滤波等方法.如果在叠加剖面上仍有较强的线性干扰,还要再做一次二维滤波.采用这套办法,处理该区不同类型的地震资料,均获得了很好的效果.     

顺北沙漠区地震资料陷波现象原因分析及消除

位于塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地的顺北沙漠区,单炮地震资料中普遍存在陷波现象,陷波频率约为15Hz,正好位于奥陶系目的层有效频带内,对地震成像影响较大。针对此现象进行了理论剖析,发现是由于单炮记录中存在能量较强的浅层多次折射波,与地下有效反射波混叠在一起,在频谱中表现为与地下反射波主频之间形成"两高夹一低"的形态,形成了视觉上的"陷波"现象。采用分离波场的方法,分离出浅层多次折射波,可消除"陷波"现象的影响,提高地震资料的品质。     

毛乌素沙漠油气管道的工程机械防护措施

毛乌素沙漠地区是重要的油气管道敷设区,如何使所埋管道不致因覆盖的沙被风吹走而暴露出来,其保护措施十分重要。毛乌素沙漠地区管道所经地貌单元为固定沙丘、半固定沙丘及流动沙丘。结合实际,详述了该地区管道施工中采用的工程机械防护措施,包括沙障类型、沙障高度与做法、沙障间距设置、沙障施工方法等,简述了化学及植物防护措施。所述机械防护措施在油气管道敷设中已得到应用,在今后的应用中,可根据沙丘特点及周边植被现状,因地制宜,采取化学固沙、植物固沙等综合防护措施。     

江陵凹陷白垩系红花套组沙漠沉积特征

通过大量钻井、岩心和野外露头资料,提出江陵凹陷上白垩统的红花套组是冲积扇-沙漠沉积组合。结合岩心、测井及野外露头资料,详细划分出江陵凹陷红花套组沙漠沉积亚相,包括戈壁、风成沙丘、丘间、旱谷和沙漠湖等,并建立了各个沉积亚相的相标志。沙漠沉积具有良好的储层,江陵凹陷红花套组勘探实践证实了沙漠沉积储层的油气地质意义。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠管道工程的施工组织管理

管径426mm、长达302km的塔克拉玛干沙漠油气输送管道已于1996年竣工，本文从施工总体布局、现场施工组织、流水作业方法、通球扫线试压和生活保障等方面对沙漠管道工程的施工组织管理进行总结，提供了沙漠环境管道建设工程的实践经验。