Cu-Ni合金海水暴露腐蚀产物AES和XPS深度剖析

考察了两种 Cu-Ni 合金实际海水暴露不同阶段腐蚀产物膜的变化,应用 AES 和 XPS 进行深度剖析。结果表明,保护性腐蚀产物膜薄而均匀,且与基体结合牢固。在该膜外侧发现了 FeOOH,从而证实了 Fe 的氢氧化物在膜的表面偏聚的假设。作者提出该水合氧化铁通过阻止 Ni 的流失促进 Ni 在腐蚀层中富集。非保护性的腐蚀产物膜呈现明显的层状结构,疏松而且粘附性差。前一种膜借助于直接氧化方式形成,后者则是由溶解的物质沉淀和重新沉积途径形成的。     

烧结NdFeB磁体表面沉积Ni膜及其耐腐蚀性

为改善烧结钕铁硼(NdFeB)磁体的耐腐蚀性能,在磁体表面用磁控溅射方法制备了Ni薄膜。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了Ni薄膜的组织形貌,利用电化学测试、中性盐雾试验(NSS)测试了镀膜样品的耐腐蚀性能,研究了溅射功率和负偏压对Ni薄膜组织结构、电化学性能和中性盐雾环境下耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:Ni薄膜的厚度和致密性是影响其耐腐蚀性能的关键因素;随溅射功率增大,Ni薄膜厚度增大,但晶粒尺寸变大、致密性降低,耐腐蚀性能先升高后降低;加负偏压后,Ni薄膜厚度有所减小,但膜层表面更加光滑、组织更加致密均匀,因此镀膜样品耐腐蚀性能有所提高;在溅射功率为100~120 W、负偏压为150 V条件下制备的磁控溅射镀Ni样品具有最好的耐腐蚀性能。     

Passivity,pitting and corrosion of anodically polarized Fe-Ni alloys in 0.5 M H2SO4 containing Cl−

Iron-nickel alloys containing 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% Ni (wt%) have been anodically polarized in 0.5 M H₂SO₄ containing Cl^?, and the conditions for passivity, pitting and corrosion with respect to alloy composition and Cl^? concentration broadly defined. Breaks occur in the values of the corrosion properties at about 30% and 70% Ni. It is considered that the corrosion properties of alloys containing up to 30% Ni are determined by the ferrite in the alloy and the low corrosion resistance of its surface film, that alloys containing 30 to 70% Ni have a corrosion resistant film probably similar to a nickel ferrite spinel, and that alloys containing over 70% Ni have properties similar to nickel and probably have a surface film based on a solid solution of iron in NiO.     

Influence of Deformation and Heat Treatment on Seawater Corrosion of 70Cu-30Ni Alloy

After deformed and annealed, 70Cu-30Ni alloy with irrecrystallization or incomplete recrystallization mainly consisting of deformed grains displayed unstable E.(corrosion potential) and low Rp (polarization resistance) in 3.5%NaCl, and corrosion product film contained a lot of seawater species in the outer layer and denickelified in the inner layer immersed in seawater for 3 and 6 months, and intergranular corrosion occurred in the matrix. With the increase of deformation and annealing temperature, the anodic oxide film formed by polarization in artificial seawater was increasingly stable. The recrystallized alloy was stable in Ec and high in Rp and its corrosion product film formed in seawater was uniform and rich in Ni.     

电镀钨合金镀层组织及其耐腐蚀性能研究

主要分析了电镀钨合金镀层质量及其耐H2S-CO2腐蚀性能。通过SEM、EDX和XRD分析发现镀层与基体结合强度较高,但镀层淬火处理时出现龟裂现象,裂纹均匀排布于镀层表面。腐蚀评价表明腐蚀作用只发生在镀层淬火所形成的裂缝部位,造成裂缝内部充满大量腐蚀产物,非裂纹表面未见腐蚀。指出镀钨合金若用于酸性环境,尚需优化配方、降低硬度、增加韧性,此外还应检测基材屈服强度85%拉应力下的镀层应力腐蚀开裂行为。     

CU-Ni合金表面膜在海水中的转化行为

关于Cu-Ni合金耐蚀机理、至今只限於研究腐蚀产物膜的形成及脱落过程．很少有人注意富Ni腐蚀产物膜的形成与合金原始表面膜的依赖关系若Cu-Ni合金表面膜层富锰．膜的内层形成两价或低于两价的Mn氧化物，它在海水中将不断转化成富Ni的腐蚀产物膜；反之几合金原始表面膜贫Mn，膜的内层形成高价锰的氧化物，则在海水中转化成贫Ni的腐蚀产物膜转化过程是Mn离子向海水中逃逸、Ni不断向表面层扩散氧化的过程富Ni腐蚀产物膜耐海水腐蚀而贫Ni腐蚀产物膜不耐蚀     

Ni2＋掺杂聚苯胺膜的制备及其抗腐蚀性能

聚苯胺是最常用的一种导电聚合物,它作为腐蚀抑制剂覆盖在金属表面并形成一层很薄的保护膜,可以降低金属的腐蚀速度。采用循环伏安法在不锈钢表面电化学合成掺杂态（NiH）聚苯胺膜。利用极化曲线法和交流阻抗法研究了掺杂态聚苯胺膜的耐腐蚀性能及其影响因素。结果表明：在3．5％NaCl溶液中,不锈钢表面覆盖掺杂态聚苯胺膜的腐蚀电位比...     

Analysis of steel structure corrosion of drinking water distribution system in family indoor environment

In this paper, corrosion investigation and analysis of steel structure of drinking water distribution system in a family kitchen have been carried out. Results indicate that galvanized corrosion and condensation corrosion under thin water layer have been found the main corrosion type. XRD analysis shows that the rust layer is composed of α‐FeOOH, γ‐FeOOH and Fe₃O₄. For preventing galvanic corrosion, using non‐conductive materials between metals of different electropotential, i.e. electrically insulating the two metals from each other has been recommended. For preventing condensation corrosion under thin water layer, cleaning the pipe external surface to minimize the condensation corrosion is necessary and a good epoxy coating on the pipe external surface may also work. The selection of PVC pipe with better quality and no leaching of inorganic pollutants into water is also a good choice, however, in this condition strong hitting to the PVC pipe should be avoided.     

CO2分压对20#钢在CO2/H2O气液两相塞状流中腐蚀行为的影响

利用失重法、SEM、EDS、XRD和 XPS等分析方法在自主设计的动态腐蚀实验装置上研究了 CO2分压对20#钢在CO2/H2O 气液两相塞状流中腐蚀行为的影响,对腐蚀试样进行了腐蚀速率分析、腐蚀形貌特征观察以及腐蚀产物成分与膜层结构特征分析.结果表明:随CO2分压的增加腐蚀速率增加,0.04 MPa、0.28 MPa下分别达到腐蚀速率最小值(1.1609 mm/a)和最大值(1.8988 mm/a);上管壁腐蚀产物随着CO2分压的增加最终形成颗粒较大的节瘤状产物,下管壁腐蚀产物由球形颗粒形成初始致密的单层膜逐渐转变为由致密的内层膜和具有网状连通裂纹的片状疏松外层膜构成;经 EDS元素分析可知上下壁面的腐蚀产物均由Fe、C、O 三种元素构成,XPS分峰图谱显示C 1 s、O 1 s和Fe 2 p均出现了三个拟合峰位,结合XRD分析可知腐蚀产物的主要组成相有 Fe3C、FeCO3、Fe2O3、Fe3O4、FeOOH.     

Chemical treatment of zinc surface and its corrosion inhibition studies

The surface treatment of zinc and its corrosion inhibition was studied using a product (BTSC) formed in the reaction between benzaldehyde and thiosemicarbozide. The corrosion behaviour of chemically treated zinc surface was investigated in aqueous chloride-sulphate medium using galvanostatic polarization technique. Zinc samples treated in BTSC solution exhibited good corrosion resistance. The measured electrochemical data indicated a basic modification of the cathode reaction during corrosion of treated zinc. The corrosion protection may be explained on the basis of adsorption and formation of BTSC film on zinc surface. The film was binding strongly to the metal surface through nitrogen and sulphur atoms of the product. The formation of film on the zinc surface was established by surface analysis techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).     

化学镀镍磷层氯酸盐钝化膜的耐蚀性能及耐蚀机理

铬酸盐钝化可以提高薄的化学镀镍层的耐蚀性,防止镀层在空气中变色。为消除铬对环境的影响,开发了无铬钝化工艺。常温下,将化学镀镍磷试样浸入无铬钝化液中浸泡3 min,在镀层表面制备了无色钝化膜。通过孔隙率测试、盐雾试验、极化曲线、扫描电镜及XPS能谱分析,对钝化膜的耐蚀性和成膜机理进行了研究。结果表明:镀层经钝化后耐变色性能获得极大提高,孔隙率由45个/dm2降低到3个/dm2;自腐蚀电位从-407 m V正移至-303 m V;自腐蚀电流密度降低了1个数量级以上;中性盐雾试验暴露100 h后保护评级由5级提高至10级。由此可见:钝化膜显著降低了化学镍磷镀层的孔隙率,并大大提高了化学镀镍层的耐蚀性。最后通过XPS发现,钝化膜主要物相组成为Ni O和Ni(OH)2。     

Corrosion behaviour and magnetic properties of melt-spun Nd-(Fe·Co·Ni)-B-(Al·Ti) ribbons

The corrosion behaviour of melt-spun Nd-Fe-B alloy ribbons in which Fe was replaced with Co and Ni and small quantities of Al and Ti added was investigated from the viewpoint of anodic corrosion, Although the addition of Ni degraded the magnetic properties of melt-spun ribbons, it improved corrosion resistance. According to EDXS and AES analyses, the corrosion products on the surface of Ni-free ribbons consisted of Nd and Fe oxides, but the Nd oxide corrosion product almost disappeared in the Ni-added samples. Also, the degradation of magnetic properties after the corrosion test was suppressed by the addition of Ni.From these results, it was thought that the improvement of corrosion resistance and the smaller degradation of magnetic properties of Nd-(Fe·Co·Ni)-B-(Al·Ti) ribbons after the corrosion test were associated with the suppressed dissolution of the Nd-rich phase at the grain boundaries.The oxidation of Ni-added melt-spun ribbons also showed similar characteristics and behaviour to the corrosion test in the morphologies of the ribbon surface and magnetic properties after the oxidation test.     

E36钢的海水腐蚀模拟试验研究

青岛海域投样初期的24 h内,电联接长尺试样上的阴阳极交错出现,并非潮差区为阴极,海水全浸区为阳极,与公认的氧浓差电池引起潮差区钢样受阴极保护之说不相符.在试验室内用人造海水和3%NaCl溶液模拟潮差区钢样的腐蚀环境,对干湿交替试样与全浸试样间的电偶电流进行了研究,探讨了潮差区钢样受阴极保护的原因.结果表明:潮差区试样表面锈层由FeOOH和Fe_3O_4组成,海水全浸区试样表面锈层由FeOOH组成,这种锈层结构的差异直接产生了试样间的腐蚀电位差,使潮差区的钢样受到了阴极保护,最终导致长尺试样在潮差区的腐蚀速率降低.     

CO2分压对20#钢在CO2/H2O气液两相塞状流中腐蚀行为的影响

利用失重法、SEM、EDS、XRD和XPS等分析方法在自主设计的动态腐蚀实验装置上研究了CO_2分压对20#钢在CO_2/H_2O气液两相塞状流中腐蚀行为的影响,对腐蚀试样进行了腐蚀速率分析、腐蚀形貌特征观察以及腐蚀产物成分与膜层结构特征分析。结果表明:随CO_2分压的增加腐蚀速率增加,0.04 MPa、0.28 MPa下分别达到腐蚀速率最小值(1.160 9 mm/a)和最大值(1.898 8mm/a);上管壁腐蚀产物随着CO_2分压的增加最终形成颗粒较大的节瘤状产物,下管壁腐蚀产物由球形颗粒形成初始致密的单层膜逐渐转变为由致密的内层膜和具有网状连通裂纹的片状疏松外层膜构成;经EDS元素分析可知上下壁面的腐蚀产物均由Fe、C、O三种元素构成,XPS分峰图谱显示C 1s、O 1s和Fe 2p均出现了三个拟合峰位,结合XRD分析可知腐蚀产物的主要组成相有Fe_3C、FeCO_3、Fe_2O_3、Fe_3O_4、FeOOH。     

P—Si上电沉积非晶Ni—W—P薄膜的耐蚀性研究

对Ｐ－Ｓｉ上电沉积Ｎｉ－Ｗ－Ｐ合金薄膜在３％ＮａＣｌ、０．５ｍｏｌ·ｄｍ＾－３Ｈ２ＳＯ４、１ｍｏｌ·ｄｍ＾－３ＨＣｌ介质中的阳极溶解行为进行了研究,ＸＰＳ分析了钝化膜中各元素的化学价态和存在形式。结果表明,非晶Ｎｉ－Ｗ－Ｐ合金薄膜的耐蚀性远优于晶态Ｎｉ－Ｗ－Ｐ薄膜和非晶Ｎｉ－Ｐ薄膜;高Ｗ含量的非晶Ｎｉ－Ｗ－Ｐ合金薄膜,有较强的耐蚀能力;在ＮａＣｌ介质中非晶Ｎｉ－Ｗ－Ｐ合金形成了由Ｎｉ２Ｏ３、ＮｉＨ     

乙烯基硅烷处理的Q235钢在3．5％NaCl中腐蚀性的阻抗谱分析

从阻抗谱方面研究Q235钢硅烷处理的防腐蚀效果和成膜机理的报道较少。以不同浓度（1％～7％）、不同pH值（3～5）的乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷（VTES）水解液对Q235钢进行处理,利用电化学阻抗谱（EIS）分析了硅烷膜对3．5％NaCl溶液中Q235钢的防护效果及机理,并用红外光谱与扫描电镜（SEM）分析了Q235钢表面VTES膜的分子结构及其在盐水中浸泡腐蚀后的形貌。结果表明：VTES膜能明显改善Q235钢的耐蚀性能;经5％硅烷,pH=4的水解液处理形成的VTES膜在3．5％NaCl溶液中的电荷转移电阻及膜孔电阻最大,耐蚀效果最好,在3．5％NaCl溶液中浸泡5d后仍未发生腐蚀;Q235钢表面形成的硅烷膜既存在金属表面与硅醇单体的缩合,也有硅醇单体的缩合,还有未发生交联的Si-OH基团。     

Temperature and NaCl deposition dependent corrosion of SAC305 solder alloy in simulated marine atmosphere

The stable operation of electronic devices in marine atmospheric environment is affected by the corrosion deterioration of solder joints,and the effects by atmosphere temperature and chloride deposition are critical.In this work,NaCl deposition and temperature dependent corrosion of Pb-free SAC305 solder in simulated marine atmosphere has been investigated.The results indicate that higher NaCl deposition prolongs the surface wetting time and leads to the final thicker saturated electrolyte film for further corrosion.Higher temperature accelerates the evaporation and contributes to the final thinner saturated NaCl electrolyte film.Besides,the corrosion control process varies under the initially covered thicker NaCl electrolyte layer and under the final saturated much thinner NaCl electrolyte film as the evaporation proceeds.Moreover,the ready oxygen availability through the final thinner saturated NaCl electrolyte film facilitates the formation of corrosion product layer mainly of electrochemically stable SnO2,but higher temperature leads to the final corrosion product layer with smaller crystal size and large cracks.The findings clearly demonstrate the effects of NaCl deposition and temperature on corrosion evolution of SAC305 solder joints and are critical to the daily maintenance of electronic devices for longer service life in marine atmosphere.     

新型航空T-31钛合金导管连接件在模拟服役环境中的抗腐蚀性能研究

使用自行研制的航空导管连接件腐蚀试验系统,研究了新型航空T-31钛合金导管连接件在模拟服役环境中的气密性、油压气密性以及应力腐蚀、表面腐蚀等综合性能.对这种钛合金导管连接件在高温盐水溶液浸泡与烘烤循环条件下的表面腐蚀及应力腐蚀行为进行了评价;初步探讨了在模拟服役环境中,这种钛合金发生腐蚀的机理.并比较研究了导管材料1Cr18Ni9Ti与连接件钛合金在6%NaCl水溶液中的电偶腐蚀敏感性.研究发现,T-31钛合金导管连接件在模拟服役环境中只在应力集中处发生轻微孔蚀,在试验应力水平下,无应力腐蚀倾向,具有良好的耐蚀性能;并证明,腐蚀介质通过钛合金阳极化膜层小孔渗入基体对基体造成轻微腐蚀,试验应力水平未造成孔蚀发生处裂纹形核;电偶腐蚀试验进一步说明1Cr18Ni9Ti / T-31电偶对有很小的电偶腐蚀电流,用它们制备的导管及导管连接件能安全地进行偶接.     

不锈钢表面化学发黑工艺及膜层性能研究

为了提高1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢表面化学发黑膜的外观质量及耐蚀性能,通过正交试验研究了表面化学发黑优化工艺.采用擦拭的方法测试了膜层与基体的结合力;采用贴滤纸法测试了膜层的空隙率;采用3%硫酸铜点滴和10%三氯化铁点滴试验测试了其耐蚀性能,用扫描探针显微镜观察了发黑膜层的AFM图.结果表明:膜层具有良好的光泽度,膜层致密、均匀,没有明显的缺陷,与基体之间具有良好的结合力,较小的孔隙率.发黑膜以胞状结构沉积在基体表面,具有良好的耐蚀性能.     

稀土元素对镀锌层三价铬彩色钝化膜耐蚀性的影响

为了提高三价铬彩色钝化膜的耐蚀性,在三价铬钝化液中加入稀土元素(La3+,Ce3+,Ce4+),通过乙酸铅点滴试验、Tafel曲线和盐水浸泡试验研究了稀土元素含量对镀锌层彩色钝化膜耐蚀性的影响。结果表明,加入稀土元素后,不用进行封闭处理也能提高钝化膜的耐蚀性,其中Ce4+的作用最显著,当钝化液中Ce(SO4)2.4H2O浓度为5.0 g/L时:钝化膜乙酸铅点滴耐蚀时间由镀锌层的19.33 s提高到157.56 s;腐蚀电位由-1.006 V正移至-0.982 V,腐蚀电流密度由3.268×10-5A/cm2减小到1.116×10-5A/cm2;耐盐水腐蚀能力提高,浸泡336 h仍未出现锈点,失重缓慢;钝化膜呈均匀的黄绿色,表面形成了均匀、平滑、较深的构槽,有利于提高膜层的耐蚀性。