钍归一化在盆地γ能谱资料处理中的应用

在应用γ能谱资料寻找砂岩型铀矿的过程中,要尽可能地消除非矿化因素引起的干扰,提取与铀矿化有关的信息。介绍了钍归一化的原理及特点,采用与矿化有关的元素迁移信息的钍归一化方法,分析了二连盆地东部的γ能谱资料,揭示了该区放射性元素的分布特征、地球化学作用和后期铀元素的迁移与富集。结合其他地质资料,分析了钾剩差的变异区(正、负高值区)及铀剩差正高值区形成的原因,同时指出了经过钍归一化处理所得到的铀剩差正高值区应为氧化与还原作用过渡带的直接指示,也是该区进一步寻找砂岩型铀矿的重要标志。     

科拉半岛里采夫地区的铀矿化(俄罗斯)

里采夫地区为科拉半岛上铀矿最有价值的地区之一。这里共发现了一处矿床(里采夫矿床),5个大矿点(极地、陡崖、野湖、岸边、柯什卡牙伏尔)以及约40个其他铀矿化点。本文描述了里采夫地区地质,并介绍了该区内所发现的铀矿化的富集条件、构造和矿物成分特征等。铀矿化可划分为5种类型:(1)伟晶质花岗岩和石英-斜长-正长代岩中与奥长岩中的稀土-钍-铀矿化;(2)产于石英-钠长石-微斜长石交代岩中和石英-微斜长石交代岩中的钍-铀矿化;(3)产于绿泥石-钠长交代岩中与钠长岩中的铀矿化;(4)产于钠长石-水云母-绿泥石交代岩中的铀矿化;(5)产于陆相岩石中的稀土-磷-铀矿化。对于铀矿化与早、晚期卡累里早期活化作用以及与波罗的地盾海西期岩浆构造活化作用的联代关系的见解作了论证。     

沉积岩中铀-钛-磷的热液矿化作用

众所周知,铀-钛-磷矿化生成于交代蚀变的灰岩和砂岩中。在对岩浆期后铀矿化作用的评价中,有人着重强调沥青铀矿和铀钛酸盐是在细脉矿化发育阶段形成的,而含铀磷灰石既与交代的矿物又与细脉的矿物有关。已确定由沥青铀矿、铀钛酸盐和含铀磷灰石构成的铀矿化作用是与热液交代形成物相伴生,这些矿物是在交代置换围岩(复成份砂岩、钙质砂岩、泥灰岩)中造岩矿物过程中沉积而成的,它们与细脉中的矿物并没有明显的联系。该区研究表明,含铀的热液交代作用包括两个阶段:淋滤(交代作用)和沉积作用(细脉)阶段。交代阶段分布广泛,而细脉阶段分布窄小。在淋滤阶段,新生的交代矿物取代置     

内蒙古四子王旗芒和特铀矿地质特征

在铀矿航空γ能谱测量和地面放射性普查工作的基础上,通过对铀矿异常进行地表揭露和钻探工程验证,发现了芒和特铀矿床。铀矿床类型为湖沼相砂岩型沉积矿床,含铀矿岩石为古近系粉砂岩,铀矿化具有放射性强度较弱、铀含量较高和矿化分布不均匀的特点。深入分析铀矿放射性强度弱的原因,采用放射性测量结合化学样品分析的方法,能够提高找矿效率。     

科拉区的放射生态特性

依据放射性地球化学和成矿资料编制了科拉区的放射生态图。研究区广泛发育属于以铀-钍-稀有金属综合矿化建造为特征的一组铀矿点。即(1)碱性交代岩和霞石正长岩中铀-钍-稀土-稀有金属建造;(2)碳酸岩中铀-钍-稀有金属建造;(3)单矿物砂矿中铀-钍-稀有金属建造直接或间接(单矿物砂矿建造)与波罗的地盾东部古生代构造-岩浆活化有关的三种建造。     

约旦南部瓦迪巴希亚地区铀矿化地球物理特征

通过对瓦迪巴希亚(Wadi Bahiya)地区开展地质调查、岩石取样分析以及地面γ能谱测量等综合研究,认为研究区铀矿化主要产于上白垩统—古新统MCM组近地表风化破碎的灰褐色砂土状泥灰岩之中,矿化类型为现代氧化作用成因的钙结岩型,研究区γ能谱测量铀质量分数平面特征表现为异常规模小,晕圈梯度变化大,深部揭露表明,自近地表向深部铀质量分数逐渐降低,岩石取样分析结果与γ能谱测量具有对应性,铀矿化主要位于地表以下0.5～1.5m的范围内。     

埃及的铀与钍矿化

埃及核原料的广泛勘探计划导致了在不同地质环境中一些铀和钍矿点的发现。这些矿点包括如下类型:(1)与Ⅰ型花岗岩类有关的主要为铀的矿化;(2)与S型花岗岩类有关的主要为钍的矿化;(3)与碱性和亚碱性火山岩有关的主要为铀的矿化;(4)在古生代砂岩和粘土岩中的铀矿化;(5)奥陶纪页岩和砂岩中不连续的性质不明显的矿化。     

坦桑尼亚铀矿化类型及分布特征

综合资料表明,坦桑尼亚铀矿化类型大致分为砂岩型、表生型、花岗岩型、碳酸岩型、磷酸岩型及不整合型六种,其中以砂岩型、表生型为主;砂岩型铀矿化主要分布于坦桑尼亚南部的卡鲁系砂岩区,表生型铀矿化主要分布于坦桑尼亚中部的干盐湖集中区。航空放射性调查发现大量有进一步工作价值的异常;勘查成果显示,坦桑尼亚铀矿资源潜力较大。     

纳米比亚斯瓦科普蒙德附近的罗辛铀矿床

罗辛铀矿床位于汗河盆地边缘附近纳米布平原的斯瓦科普蒙德东北部。自从第一次世界大战前以来,众所周知,铀和铜的矿化与自岗伟晶岩有关,白岗伟晶岩侵入达马拉岩系和诺西布建造的片岩、麻粒岩、石英岩和大理岩。放射性年龄测定表明,晶质铀矿、铀钛磁铁矿的年龄和黑云母的年龄相同,为510±40百万年。铀在大的伟晶岩体中呈复杂氧化矿物的形式产出,亦呈颗粒很细的自形晶质铀矿产出。整个矿化地区下伏伟晶岩,局部称为白岗岩——一种含石英、碱性长石的岩石。主要放射性矿物是晶质铀矿及其次生矿物,包括罗辛矿(r(?)ssingite,一种新矿物)、准铜铀云母、准水硅钙铀矿、硅钙铀矿、β-硅钙铀矿、钒钾铀矿、钍脂铅铀矿和脂铅铀矿。本文总结了上述矿床的特征,从而推断了寻找铀矿化的有利标志。     

伽马能谱测井在罗辛铀矿勘查中的应用研究

纳米比亚罗辛铀矿床属于白岗岩铀-钍混合型矿床。在一定量矿心分析数据对比基础上,一直沿用γ测井解释结果作为铀资源储量估算的基础数据。针对该伽马测井结果,要经过各种校正,尤其是钍作为一种“干扰”的不可忽视的因素。大量（岩）矿心分析历史数据表明,罗辛铀矿床Th/U比随着矿体走向、倾向以及深度、蚀变、岩性的变化而变化;通过数理统计分析矿心Th/U比采用常数法或者函数拟合方法用于γ测井的钍修正。但利用伽马能谱测井方法可直接获取矿（化）段的铀、钍元素含量。从仪器、数据采集、误差分析、伽马能谱测井解释铀含量与钍修正后γ测井解释铀含量,以及与矿心分析元素含量对比等几方面进行论述,验证该方法的可靠性和可信度。结果表明,伽马能谱测井是一种快速、有效的测井方法,尤其适用于热液型铀矿勘查。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

Interaction between uranium and humic acid (Ⅰ): Adsorption behaviors of U(Ⅵ) in soil humic acids

The adsorption behaviors of uranium on three soil humic acids (HAs), which were extracted from soils of different depths at the same site, were investigated under various experimental conditions. The adsorption results showed that U(Ⅵ) in solutions can be adsorbed by the three soil HAs, with the order of FHA (HA from 5 m depth of soil) ＞SHA (HA from the surface) ＞THA (HA from 10 m depth of soil) for adsorption efficiency in each desirable condition, and the adsorption reached equilibrium in about 240 min. Although the maximum adsorption efficiency was adsorption could be described with Langmiur isotherm or Freundlich isotherm equation. The L/S (liquid/solid, mL/g)ratio and pH were important factors influencing the adsorption in our adsorption system besides uranium concentration. The adsorption efficiency decreased with the increase of the L/S ratio and pH at the pH range of 2.0-3.0 for SHA and THA or 2.5 - 6.0 for FHA. However, no significant difference in adsorption of U(Ⅵ) was observed at the experimental temperature. All the results implied that humic substances have different characteristics in samples even collected at the same site.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

The preclinical pharmacological study of dopamine transporter imaging agent 18F-FP-β-CIT

The paper is to study pharmacologic characteristics of 18F-FP-β-CIT (18F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β- carbomethoxy-3β- (4-iodophenyl)nortropane) as an imaging agent for dopamine transporter. The radiochemical purity of 18F-FP-β-CIT in aqueous solution was over 95% after standing at room temperature for 4h. Biodistribution displayed rapid uptake in rat brain (1.375 %ID/organ at 5min and 0.100 %ID/organ at 180 min) and the striatal uptake was 1.444,0.731, 0.397, 0.230 and 0.146 %ID/g at 5, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively. The values of striatum/cerebellum,striatum/frontal cortex and striatum / hippocampus in rat's brain at 30 min were 3.38, 2.17 and 2.40 respectively. The uptake in striatum can be blocked by β-CFT, suggesting that 18F-FP-β-CIT binds to DAT peculiarly. The compound was rapidly cleared from monkey's blood. The striatal uptake was bilaterally decreased in the left-sided lesioned PD rats, compared with normal control. Brain PET imaging studies in normal monkey showed that 18F-FP-β-CIT was concentrated in striatum. The test of undue toxicity showed that the dose received by mice was 1250 times as by human, which indicates that 18F-FP-β-CIT is very safe. So 18F-FP-β-CIT is a promising PET imaging agent for DAT with safety and validity.     

Information for authors

<正>1.NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES(NST),a bimonthly journal,is devoted to all aspects of nuclear science and technology,theoretical or experimental.Its special interest lies in the subjects of synchrotron radiation science and technology;low energy accelerators,radiation technology and applications;radiochemistry,radiopharmaceuticals and nuclear medicine;nuclear electronics and instrumen-     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

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