Ni52Ga28Fe20-xCOx合金的马氏体相变和磁性转变

利用金相和SEM显微组织分析技术，示差扫描量热法（DSC）和振动磁力计（VSM）考察了Ni52GGa28Fe20-xCox合金中Co元素含量x对马氏体相变和铁磁性转变的影响，用粉末X射线衍射方法（XRD）分析马氏体相的结构类型．在x≤6的范围内Co代替Fe能够显著提高Ni52Ga28Fe20-xCox合金的马氏体相变温度，对铁磁性转变Curie点的影响不大．x每增加1可以使马氏体相变温度提高50—60K．低温淬火（773K／1h）对Ni52Ga28Fe20-xCox合金马氏体相变温度的影响不大，但使合金的Curie点提高20—30K．粉末XRD分析表明该合金系列经1423和773K两种温度处理后都只出现L10（2M）马氏体．     

Co40Ni33.5Al26.5合金马氏体相变、磁性与淬火温度的关系

Co-Ni-Al合金不仅可以作为铁磁性形状记忆合金,也是传统和高温形状记忆合金的候选材料,本文通过金相显微分析,DSC和VSM方法,研究了Co40Ni33.5Al26.5合金马氏体相变和Curie点随淬火温度变化的情况,结果发现该合金马氏体相变温度和Curie点与淬火温度成正比关系.马氏体相变的4种温度,即Ms、Mf、As和At基本平行变化,淬火温度每升高10℃,马氏体相变温度升高8～9℃,而Curie点升高6～7℃.其马氏体相变温度和Curie点随淬火温度的变化与基体相β的成分变化有关,β相中Al的含量随淬火温度升高而降低,因而马氏体相变温度和Curie点升高.并且发现随着淬火温度升高,Co40Ni33.5Al26.5合金马氏体相的磁晶各向异性有减弱的倾向.     

β基Ni52Ga28Fe20-xCox合金的马氏体相变和磁性转变

利用金相和SEM，XRD，DSC和VSM研究了Co含量x对Ni52Ga28Fe20-xCox合金马氏体相变和铁磁性的影响。结果表明：x≤6％时（原子分数，下同），Co代替Fe显著提高合金的马氏体相变温度，每1％Co可以使马氏体相变温度提高50K～60K，但对Curie点的影响不大。淬火温度从1423K降低到773K对马氏体相变温度的影响不大，但使Curie点提高20K-30K，其原因是母相的B2→L21转变导致的有序化程度提高。粉末试样X射线衍射发现1423K和773K2种温度处理后都只出现L10（2M）晶体结构类型的马氏体，并且合金粉末化后降低了马氏体相变温度和增加了γ相的析出，但块状Ni52Ga28Fe17Co3合金773K淬火后为14M型马氏体。     

Influence of Sb addition on Martensitic and Magnetic Transformation in β+γ Two-phase Based Co-Ni-Al Shape Memory Alloy

利用OM，SEM，EDX，XRD，DSC和VSM研究了用Sb替代Al对Co41Ni32Al27合金马氏体相变和磁性的影响．结果表明Co41Ni32Al26Sb1合金仍然生成L10型马氏体，其马氏体相变温度和Curie点与淬火温度成正比关系，淬火温度每升高10K，马氏体相变温度约提高9K，而Curie点约提高7．5K．相同淬火温度下Co41Ni32Al26Sb1合金的马氏体相变温度比Co41Ni32Al27合金约高70K，而Curie点也高出15K．Co41Ni32Al26Sb1在1623K热处理时出现共晶组织，发生部分熔化现象．特别重要的是C041Ni32A12eSbl合金的马氏体相变温度范围大幅度缩小，为20-28K，只有Co41Ni32Al27合金的一半，有利于获得大磁致应变．用平均s＋d总电子浓度和平均磁价电子数分别解释了马氏体相变温度和Curie点的变化．     

淬火温度对Co40.5Ni34Al25.5合金相变和磁性的影响

用金相显微分析、DSC和VSM方法研究了Co40.5Ni34Al25.5合金马氏体相变和Curie点随淬火温度的变化,通过三点弯曲试验研究其形状记忆效果.结果发现该合金马氏体相变温度和Curie点与淬火温度成正比关系.马氏体相变的4种温度,即Ms,Mf,As和Af基本平行变化,淬火温度每升高10℃,马氏体相变温度和Curie点升高8℃～9℃.β相中Al的含量随淬火温度升高而降低,因而使马氏体相变温度和Curie点升高.1320℃淬火的Co40.5Ni34Al25.5合金的弯曲强度约为450 MPa,弯曲试验表明Co40.5Ni34Al25.5合金有双向形状记忆特性.     

Co41Ni32Al27-xSix合金的马氏体相变和磁性转变

利用金相显微组织分析技术、示差扫描量热法(DSC)和振动磁力计(VSM),考察了Co41Ni32Al27-xSix合金中Si元素含量x对马氏体相变和铁磁性转变的影响,用X射线衍射方法分析马氏体相的结构类型.增加x能够显著提高合金的马氏体相变温度,并且同时提高铁磁性转变Curie点;在x≤5的范围内,x增加1可以造成马氏体相变温度提高50-60 K,同时Curie点提高大约10 K;马氏体相的晶体结构仍然是L10型有序结构,但是随着x的增加,单胞体积减小.讨论了马氏体相变温度和Curie点同时提高的原因.     

Co41Ni33Al26合金的再结晶、马氏体相变和铁磁特性

研究了Co41Ni33Al26铁磁性形状记忆合金的再结晶行为和组织变化规律,采用振动磁力计（VSM）和示差热分析仪（DSC）分析了合金磁性和马氏体相变特点。结果表明,经43．65％的大压下量冷轧变形的Co41Ni33Al26合金在低于1000℃发生再结晶,随着淬火温度的升高,合金中β相体积分数不断增加。冷轧组织中在β／γ相界面上有很多微裂纹,这是由于两相变形不协调而形成的,微裂纹的形成有利于合金的塑性变形,在高于1200℃处理时微裂纹消失,表现出“自愈合”能力。该合金的马氏体相变温度和居里点都随着淬火温度的升高而升高,居里点始终高于马氏体相变温度,且马氏体相的磁晶各向异性高于β母相的,说明该合金是很好的铁磁性形状记忆合金的候选材料。     

热处理工艺对磁控形状记忆合金Co38Ni34Al27Mn1显微组织及磁性能的影响

采用电弧熔炼法制备Co38Ni34Al27Mn1磁控形状记忆合金,并对合金进行热处理.采用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪及振动样品磁强计等研究热处理工艺对Co38Ni34Al27Mn1合金显微组织、相结构及磁性能的影响.研究结果表明:1573 K加热冰水淬火后得到β相和γ相,而1623、1673 K加热冰水淬火后合金中可观察到板条状马氏体,且β相、γ相和马氏体相共存.随着热处理温度的提高,合金晶粒长大,γ相体积分数减小,马氏体含量增加,饱和磁化强度从42.51 emu·g-1增加到45.43 emu·g-1,矫顽力从48 Oe减小到30 Oe;在1673 K淬火,随加热保温时间的增加合金晶粒变大,饱和磁化强度从44.31 emu·g-1增加到47.29 emu·g-1.     

Ni52Mn23+xSn25-x(x=0,1,2)合金的磁性

利用X射线衍射和振动样品磁强计研究了Ni52Mn23 xSn25-x(x=0,1,2)合金的结构和磁性.结果表明,合金为铁磁性形状记忆合金.奥氏体具有强的铁磁性,而马氏体表现为顺磁或反铁磁性.磁化曲线表现出明显的磁场诱导马氏体相变行为.Sn含量对居里温度影响十分显著,而对马氏体相变温度影响很小.合金马氏体相变过程的温度范围很窄,约在5K以内.     

Ni_(54)Mn_(25)Ga_(15)Al_6高温形状记忆合金的微观组织和相变行为(英文)

研究Ni54Mn25Ga15Al6高温形状记忆合金的微观组织、马氏体相变特性、力学性能和形状记忆效应。通过与Ni54Mn25Ga21合金对比,分析添加第四组元Al对Ni-Mn-Ga合金性能的影响。结果表明:Ni54Mn25Ga15Al6合金为单一的四方结构非调制马氏体相并呈片状的马氏体孪晶板条形貌。该合金的马氏体相变开始温度超过190°C,具有发展成为高温形状记忆合金的潜力。在Ni-Mn-Ga合金中添加Al会降低马氏体相变温度,这主要归因于Al添加引入的晶格尺寸因素的改变。添加Al元素能有效提高合金的强度和塑性,但降低合金的形状记忆性能。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.