专利信息

全天候节能型辅助电加热太阳热水器本实用新型为一种全天候节能型辅助电加热太阳热水器。它由贮水箱体、真空太阳集热管、聚焦反射板、支架和进出水管等组成。贮水箱与若干平行设置的真空太阳集热管相连通,聚焦反射板位于真空集热管下方,支架将贮水箱及真空太阳集热管固定。本专利的特点是,它有两个独立的贮水箱,两个贮水箱之间用带有过水阀的管道相连通。其中一个贮水箱内设置有辅助电加热装置,总控制箱内诸电路按照预先编制的程序及时检测温度、水位信号,使用者开启电加热开关,总控制箱能适时开启、关闭各阀门和电加热器,节能效果明显。另…     

太阳能热水器给停水及遮光温控装置

介绍了一种太阳能热水器自动给停水装置和遮光及温控装置。热水器自动给停水装置能利用水箱上满水后的溢水重力自动关闭给水阀门而停水;当水箱剩余水较少时,利用剩余水流出后的重力打开给水阀为水箱上水。太阳能家用热水器遮光及温控装置通过测温仪和温控开关控制电动机的正转与反转,实现对集热管的遮挡和暴露,同时也兼对辅助电加热的控制,防止水温过高。     

热水器单管道安装法

热水器单管道安装法为降低热水器安装费用，减少安装难度，经过多次实践，采用单管道安装法取得了较理想的效果，如图１所示，打开阀门３，自来水通过管路从进水管流人水箱（此时单向问阻止水从出水管流人），水位达到要求位置后，水位控制阀（浮球阀）自动关闭。用热水时...     

太阳集热工程中的相关电气知识浅谈

一、对全自动控制柜功能一般要求：1、自动检测并控制水箱的水位．因为水箱的水温一般大于63℃．传感器容易长水垢．因此水位传感器必须具有防水垢功能。2、自动检测太阳集热器和水箱的水温,并能自动测算出两水温之差。3、自动测量水箱的水温．并能控制辅助加热器     

双水箱太阳能热水系统的水位关系研究

为了解决工程中常因双水箱太阳能热水系统的设计不当造成的水箱溢水等问题,论文基于强制循环式双水箱太阳能热水系统,通过分析研究系统运行中双水箱的水位变化,给出了两水箱间可能出现的最大水位差与连通管管径之间的函数关系。同时,对应用示例的计算与分析,给出了相应的预留空间大小、连接管管径以及各相关管口的高度位置。本研究对于工程上设计确定双水箱预留空间大小、连通管管径、各相关管口的高度位置具有理论指导意义。     

双水箱太阳能集中热水系统关键参数优化及建筑类型的适用性研究

为对供热水箱容积、供热水箱控制最低水位、补水泵流量、集热水箱放水温度等关键参数进行系统优化,建立典型的双水箱太阳能集中热水系统仿真模型,以太阳能保证率和集热效率为主优化指标。结果表明:部分工况下供热水箱容积的增大会引起太阳能保证率的增大,但集热器的集热效率会有所减小;对于供热水箱通过水位控制的双水箱太阳能集中热水系统,建筑类型对系统补水泵流量的影响较大;对于集热水箱到供热水箱的热水通过温差控制的热水系统,放水温度应大于用户用水温度;双水箱太阳能集中热水系统,更适于24 h连续供水的建筑类型。     

太阳能热水器水位指示装置

目前所使用的太阳能热水器的满水指示多用回水管或报警器。由于回水管不易观察,而且在冬季容易结冻,因此其使用不方便。市场上出售的报警器价格较高,大多数用户难以接受。现在介绍一种经济实用的太阳能热水器水位指示和满水报警装置。该装置可以解决满水报警和多点水位指示,制作容易,费用低廉,十分实用。图１为装置原理图。报警器最好选即开即通、即关即断的非触发式门铃;开关选开闭两档式;发光二极管可选红、黄、绿等几种颜色,并在门铃上按水位高低排列;可对应水位指示的高低档数选择导线的芯数;探头用４芯导线,在设置的水箱探…     

太阳集热工程中的相关电气知识浅谈——青岛千和电子有限公司总工程师 庄绍林

1、自动检测并控制水箱的水位，因为水箱的水温一般大干63℃，传感器容易长水垢，因此水位传感器，必须具有防水垢功能。     

快速启动的节煤炉

河北省科学院能源所在 JL 型多用炉的基础上又研制成功一种快速启动的多功能节煤炉。一、增设高压控气式助燃装置该装置包括打气筒、小水箱、气化室、控制阀门和喷管等。用打气筒给系统加压,水进入气化室后产生的高温高压蒸气从喷管喷入炉膛,发生化学反应,产生可燃气体     

核电常规岛给水除氧器水位控制系统建模与仿真

通过对核电常规岛的给水除氧器水位对象的机理建模,采用仿真分别对单冲量和三冲量的控制策略进行控制参数的整定,并对其控制品质进行分析比较。根据某工程热平衡图建立的除氧器输入输出介质关系,并通过凝结水阀门进行除氧器水位控制。针对除氧器水位控制中对象的滞后,大惯性,时变性的特性,运用串级三冲量给水控制对其进行变动负荷下的仿真研究,通过与传统的PID控制比较。     

旋转式可控节水洁具排水装置的研究

介绍一种旋转套筒式卫生间洁具水箱节水型排水阀装置．本装置的两层套筒上都开有不同角度的３～４排槽孔,外套筒可旋转,以适用对冲污量不同的用水量要求。本装置适用于家庭卫生洁具水箱的节水．结构简单、使用方便,只需改换排水阀组件,即可达到视需要控制排水量的节水目的。尤其适合于对旧水箱的节水改进。     

油田注汽锅炉二级钠离子交换装置节水改造及效益分析

以72m3/h二级钠离子交换装置节水改造为例,对二级钠离子交换装置进行了节水改造分析,将正洗、反洗排水(占总排水量的94%)回收至净化水系统用于注汽锅炉,可减少不可回收的高盐废水产生量。同时,结合在新疆油田的应用,进一步证明了该项改造对降低环境影响、节约水资源、提高稠油开发经济效益均具有十分重要的意义。     

Numerical simulation of three-dimensional flow dynamics in a hot water storage tank

A hot water storage device is one of the most common household appliances yet it is also one of the biggest sources of energy consumption. With natural resources fading, it is imperative that typical high-energy users such as hot water systems are made as energy efficient as possible. Research has shown that the thermal performance of a hot water system can be increased by maximising the level of thermal stratification within the storage tank, which could lead to huge energy saving. To analyse the effects of tank geometry and operating conditions on the thermal stratification within a storage tank, seven three-dimensional models have been numerically simulated by using the computational fluid dynamics program Fluent with realistic boundary and initial conditions applied. The level of thermal stratification in each model has been quantified using exergy analyses. The results show that increasing the tanks height/diameter aspect ratio, decreasing inlet/outlet flow rates and moving the inlet/outlet to the outer extremities of the tank all result in increasing levels of thermal stratification.     

A new version of a solar water heating system coupled with a solar water pump

This research target was to improve the thermal efficiency of a solar water heating system (SWHS) coupled with a built-in solar water pump. The designed system consists of 1.58-m² flat plate solar collectors, an overhead tank placed at the top level, the larger water storage tank without a heat exchanger at the lower level, and a one-way valve for water circulation control. The discharge heads of 1 and 2 m were tested. The pump could operate at the collector temperature of about 70–90 °C and vapor gage pressure of 10–18 kPa. It was found that water circulation within the SWHS ranged between 15 and 65 l/d depending upon solar intensity and discharge head. Moreover, the max water temperature in the storage tank is around 59 °C. The max daily pump efficiency is about 0.0017%. The SWHS could have max daily thermal efficiency of about 21%. It is concluded that the thermal efficiency was successfully improved, except for the pump one. The new SWHS with 1 m discharge head or lower is suitable for residential use. It adds less weight to a building roof and saves electrical energy for a circulation pump. It has lower cost compared to a domestic SWHS.     

带饮水机的多功能电冰箱设计

在传统电冰箱的基础上,另独立设置2个保温箱贮存冷热饮用水。冷水制取是在冷水箱中设置蒸发器,将冷水箱中的水制冷。热水制取是在热水箱中设置逆流套管式冷凝器,利用制冷系统的排热量将饮水机中的水加热到一定温度,如温度不够则再通过电加热器,可将饮用水加热至沸腾,冷凝管通热水箱后可采用风冷式和水冷却两种方式相结合。根据设计和理论计算,多功能电冰箱的冷凝器可将饮用水加热到65℃左右,再用电加热器,可将饮用水加热至沸腾,比市场上纯粹用电加热的饮水机可节电22.31W;利用制冷系统将冷水箱中的水制冷,每产生4℃冷饮用水2L比市场上一般的压缩式制冷饮水机可节约大约2.3×105J的能量。     

智能型太阳能热水器控制系统设计

通过对市场上太阳能热水器进行调查,发现了其中存在的共同缺陷:在给太阳能水箱上水过程中,电磁阀始终处于通电状态,造成额外的电能消耗,同时缩短电磁阀的使用寿命。为了解决该问题,对电磁阀的结构进行了深入细致的分析,并对电磁阀的结构进行了改进,设计出使用脉冲驱动双线圈电磁阀通断的自动供水控制系统模式。通过长时间的实验证明,该控制系统对于延长电磁阀的使用寿命和节能环保方面,都具有重要的现实意义。     

汽油机台架冷却系统的改造

为汽油机低水温台架试验而改造冷却系统。以水箱恒温水对发动机稳定工况大循环冷却系统进行实验,得出冷却水温不变的结论。据此叙述系统主要改造技术和水温控制原理。系统采用旁通阀手动排泄适宜的进箱前冷却水量,用浮球阀自动向箱内补充等排泄量的冷水,使箱内水温稳定,并进行负荷特性试验与性能分析。结果表明,发动机在转速3500r／rain各水温控制精度≤±O．3℃,满足试验要求。此冷却系统运行可靠,实现在40～96℃之间任一冷却水温控制。     

Performance of solar water heaters with narrow mantle heat exchangers

This paper evaluates the performance of narrow-gap vertical mantle heat exchangers with a two-pass arrangement for use in pumped-circulation solar water heaters. Both measured mantle side and tank side heat transfer correlations have been developed and implemented in a TRNSYS model of a complete solar water heater incorporating this type of heat exchanger. Predictions of the annual solar contribution for mantle-tank systems are compared to direct-coupled systems. The direct-coupled systems are found to provide slightly higher annual energy saving than mantle-tank systems for standard domestic hot water demand in Australia. However, the reduction in performance is outweighed by the benefit of freeze protection provided by incorporating a collector loop heat exchanger in the system.     

喷射式混合加热器在回收高温冷凝水系统中的应用

介绍了喷射式混合加热器的结构、原理,以及它在背压排放高温冷凝水回收系统中的应用。指出回收高温冷凝水,不仅节能效果明显,而且能消除热污染。     

Experimental studies of a new solar water heater system using a solar water pump

The research goal was to develop a new solar water heater system (SWHS) that used a solar water pump instead of an electric pump. The pump was powered by the steam produced from a flat plate collector. Therefore, heat could be transferred downward from the collector to a hot water storage tank. The designed system consisted of four panels of flat plate solar collectors, an overhead tank installed at an upper level and a large water storage tank with a heat exchanger at a lower level. Discharge heads of 1, 1.5 and 2 m were tested. The pump could operate at the collector temperature of about 70–90 °C and vapor gage pressure of 7–14 kPa. It was found that water circulation within the SWHS ranged between 12 and 59 l/d depending on the incident solar intensity and system discharge head. The average daily pump efficiency was about 0.0014–0.0019%. Moreover, the SWHS could have a daily thermal efficiency of about 7–13%, whereas a conventional system had 30–60% efficiency. The present system was economically comparable to a conventional one.