AMSV-a柴油低温流动改进剂的研制

介绍了柴油低温流动改进剂AMSV-a的合成和降凝助滤性能。该剂是以丙烯酸酯、马来酸酐、苯乙烯、醋酸乙烯酯(量比为4∶1∶0 5∶1)为原料,以甲苯为溶剂,以过氧化苯甲酰(用量5 0g/mol共聚单体)为引发剂,恒温80℃聚合6h,得四元共聚物(AMSV),再以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂(用量20g/mol共聚单体),用高碳胺〔n(酐)∶n(胺)=1∶1 5〕进行胺解制得。该剂对大庆-10#柴油的纯降凝度可达25℃,冷滤点降低可达16℃;对胜利0#柴油的纯降凝度可达23℃,冷滤点降低可达14℃;对东明5#柴油的纯降凝度可达20℃,冷滤点降低可达11℃;对濮阳10#柴油的纯降凝度可达17℃,冷滤点降低可达9℃。     

新型柴油降凝剂的研究

以马来酸酐、丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酸十六酯为原料单体合成一种三元共聚物,然后用高碳醇进行醇解,得到一种新型柴油降凝剂。考察引发剂用量、反应时间、单体配比、反应温度对降凝剂降滤效果的影响。结果表明,最佳反应条件是:马来酸酐︰丙烯酰胺︰甲基丙烯酸十六酯n(MA)/n(AM)/n(HM)=1︰4︰4,引发剂用量1.5%,反应时间7 h,聚合温度85℃,醇温解度120℃。此降凝剂对抚顺石化公司0#柴油具有较好的降滤效果,可降冷滤点6℃。     

AMV及其醇解、胺解型柴油降凝剂的合成与性能研究

该文主要介绍α-甲基丙烯酸高级酯-马来酸酐-醋酸乙烯酯(AMV)三元共聚物及其醇解、胺解型柴油降凝剂的合成、表征以及降凝助滤效果。实验表明,在n(α-甲基丙烯酸十八酯)∶n(马来酸酐)∶n(醋酸乙烯酯)=4∶1∶2,聚合温度85℃,聚合时间5h,引发剂用量1.2%(质量分数,下同)的条件下,合成的AMV三元共聚物在添加量为0.1%(质量分数,下同)时,分别将中国石油兰州石油化工公司生产的3种柴油的凝点降低10、14、9℃,冷滤点降低1、3、2℃;在对三元共聚物进行醇解、胺解得到一系列的醇解、胺解物中,十八胺胺解物的添加量为0.1%时,分别可将上述3种柴油的凝点降低10、16、11℃,冷滤点降低2、5、3℃。     

醇解型柴油降凝剂的复配研究

用实验室自制的丙烯酸酯、马来酸酐和醋酸乙烯酯三元共聚物的醇解物型柴油降凝剂,考察对抚顺石油三厂0#柴油的降凝助滤效果及最佳添加量。结果表明:最佳添加量为0.5%,此时可使凝点降低16℃,冷滤点降低9℃。并把此降凝剂分别与司盘、B表面活性剂、超美JF-1020Ⅰ按不同的配比进行复配,考察了该复配物对抚顺石油三厂0#柴油的降凝助滤效果。结果表明:复配物的最佳配比为4∶1;与B表面活性剂复配物的降凝助滤效果优于其它两种复配物;复配物对抚顺石油三厂0#柴油的降凝助滤效果优于单一的醇解物。     

C5-MSV柴油降凝剂的研究

采用与马来酸酐接枝的方法对C5石油树脂进行改性,接枝物与苯乙烯、醋酸乙烯酯共聚,用高碳醇进行醇解,研制出一种新型柴油降凝剂。考察了C5石油树脂与马来酸酐的质量比、苯乙烯和醋酸乙烯酯的用量、引发剂用量以及反应时间、反应温度对降凝剂效果的影响。结果表明,最佳反应条件是:C5石油树脂∶马来酸酐=10∶1.2(质量比),过氧化苯甲酰0.1 g,苯乙烯1.30 g,醋酸乙烯酯1.60 g。此降凝剂用于抚顺石化0#柴油馏分,可降低其冷滤点5℃。     

C_5-MSV柴油降凝剂的研究

采用与马来酸酐接枝的方法对C5石油树脂进行改性,接枝物与苯乙烯、醋酸乙烯酯共聚,用高碳醇进行醇解,研制出一种新型柴油降凝剂。考察了C5石油树脂与马来酸酐的质量比、苯乙烯和醋酸乙烯酯的用量、引发剂用量以及反应时间、反应温度对降凝剂效果的影响。结果表明,最佳反应条件是：C5石油树脂∶马来酸酐=10∶1.2（质量比）,过氧化苯甲酰0.1 g,苯乙烯1.30 g,醋酸乙烯酯1.60 g。此降凝剂用于抚顺石化0#柴油馏分,可降低其冷滤点5℃。     

MAV和复配柴油降凝剂的制备

以马来酸酐、醋酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸高级酯为原料单体合成一种三元共聚物MAV降凝剂。采用单因素法研究反应温度、投料比和引发剂BPO用量对0#柴油降凝效果的影响。结果表明,反应温度80℃,投料比马来酸酐∶丙烯酸高级酯∶醋酸乙烯酯为1∶1∶2,引发剂BPO用量1.5 g时,0#柴油冷滤点均降低6℃。研究了MAV与不同的分散剂复配制得降凝剂的效果,结果表明采用分散剂6501(1∶1.5)复配时,具有较好的降滤效果,降低冷滤点8℃。     

四元共聚物柴油降凝剂的合成及其性能考察

先合成甲基丙烯酸高碳醇酯,再将其与苯乙烯、马来酸酐和丙烯酰胺聚合,制备柴油降凝剂。考察引发剂用量、聚合时间、单体配比、聚合温度等对降滤效果的影响。结果表明,柴油降凝剂最佳制备条件是引发剂用量0.7%,甲基丙烯酸混合酯、马来酸酐、苯乙烯、丙烯酰胺的摩尔比为5∶1∶2∶1.5,聚合温度80℃,聚合时间6 h。当降凝剂添加量为0.08%时,降凝效果最好,冷滤点降幅7℃。     

四元共聚物柴油降凝剂的合成及其性能考察

先合成甲基丙烯酸高碳醇酯,再将其与苯乙烯、马来酸酐和丙烯酰胺聚合,制备柴油降凝剂。考察引发剂用量、聚合时间、单体配比、聚合温度等对降滤效果的影响。结果表明,柴油降凝剂最佳制备条件是引发剂用量0.7%,甲基丙烯酸混合酯、马来酸酐、苯乙烯、丙烯酰胺的摩尔比为5∶1∶2∶1.5,聚合温度80℃,聚合时间6 h。当降凝剂添加量为0.08%时,降凝效果最好,冷滤点降幅7℃。     

AA-MA型柴油低温流动性能改进剂的研制

用丙烯酸高碳醇酯和马来酸酐的共聚物经高碳数脂肪酸的胺化合成了AA MA型柴油低温流动改进剂 ,分析了该降凝剂的结构和降凝机理 ,结果表明它对大港油田炼制的 5# 和 0 # 柴油有良好的降凝效果。     

The role of the symmetry and the flexibility of the anion on the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ionic liquids☆

The transport properties of ionic liquids (ILs) are crucial properties in view of their applications in electrochem-ical devices. One of the most important advantages of ILs is that their chemical–physical properties and conse-quently their bulk performances can be well tuned by optimizing the chemical structures of their ions. This will require elucidating the structural features of the ions that fundamentally determine the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs. Here we showed for the first time that the“rigidity”, the order, and the compactness of the three-dimensional ionic networks generated by the anions and the cation head groups determine the formation and the sizes of the nanostructures in the apolar domains of ILs. We also found that the properties of ionic networks are governed by the conformational flexibility and the symmetry of the anion and/or the cation head group. The thermal stability of the nanostructures of ILs was shown to be con-trolled by the sensitivity of the conformational equilibrium of the anion to the change of temperature. We showed that the viscosity of ILs is strongly related to the symmetry and the flexibility of the constitute ions rather than to the size of the nanostructures of ILs. Therefore, the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs, especially the thermal stability of the nanostructures, can be fine-tuned by tailoring the symmetry and the conformational flexibility of the anion.     

紫苏糖废渣再生与废气处理工艺和设备研究

详细介绍了紫苏糖生产过程中硒粉的生成、特点、再生利用的工艺流程及设备要求,同时介绍了其再生过程中产生的废气处理方法及设备要求。     

整流装置跳闸原因及整改

从离子膜法烧碱整流装置的保护原理出发,通过对某工厂在2005年整流装置跳闸原因的统计和技术分析,发现电网波动和雷击是整流装置跳闸的两个重要原因,并提出了采取修改整定值、增加防晃电交流接触器以及在低压交流侧增加三级防雷措施的整改对策。整改后,整流装置跳闸次数明显减少。     

塑料的生物降解性及其检测方法

讨论了塑料的生物降解性，包括降解因素，微生物分解塑料的各种形式、降解机理等。介绍了目前国内外常用的检测塑料生物降解的方法。     

细长管与管内外流体流固耦合的计算

把固体域离散成梁单元,流体域划分为若干段,对流体段离散成六面体单元,建立了固体域整场求解、流体域分段求解的分区耦合模型,描述了耦合界面信息传递方法。为了避免同种偏心度重复计算,还提出了环空流体特性描述数据库。     

Kinetics and mechanism of the reaction between maleic anhydride and fatty acid esters and the structure of the products

Alkenyl succinic anhydrides (ASA) were obtained by reaction between maleic anhydride and high‐oleic sunflower oil (HOSO) esters. A kinetics study of the maleinization of alkyl esters indicated that the maleinization reaction was second order overall and first order with respect to the individual reactants, and the activation energy was 77.2 ± 3.3 kJ/mol in the investigated temperature range (185–225 °C). These results showed that the cis configuration and the central position of the double bond in HOSO esters facilitate the maleinization of the latter. On the contrary, the length of the linear ester moiety had no influence on the course of the maleinization reaction. Moreover, new evidence demonstrates that there are two different reaction mechanisms: ene‐reaction and addition in allylic position with a 2 : 1 ratio, respectively. This ratio was constant throughout the reaction, thus indicating that these mechanisms are independent.     

聚合松香的溴化及其生成物阻燃性的研究

研究了聚合松香与液溴反应生成溴化聚合松香的方法 ,测定了溴化聚合松香的红外光谱和差热分析曲线。溴化聚合松香本身不燃烧 ,由溴化聚合松香配成的涂料具有一定的阻燃性     

Predicting CSR and CRI of coke on the basis of the chemical and petrographic parameters of the coal batch and the coking conditions

A model is developed for predicting the postreactive strength CSR and reactivity CRI of coke. The model adequately reflects the dependence of these characteristics on the chemical and petrographic parameters of the coal batch, taking account of the batch preparation and coking period, as well as the slaking method.