基于HSV空间的大壁虎脑图谱图像分割研究

针对大壁虎染色脑切片图像的分割需要,提出一种基于HSV空间的图像分割方法.根据脑图谱本身的染色特征以及人工识别脑图谱的经验,建立脑图谱颜色特征经验模型,分析该模型中的特征图片,从而得到分割阈值,据此利用Matlab 图像编程,对脑图谱图像进行多闲值分割.对试验结果进行分析,发现该算法能够将大壁虎脑图谱分割为简洁、直观和清晰的特征脑区,并且具有一定的抗噪声能力.     

一种改进的图谱阈值分割算法

针对图像分割是典型的结构不良问题,将图谱划分理论作为一种新型的模式分析工具应用到图像分割并引起广大学者关注。考虑到现有的图谱阈值法中图权计算方法采用基于欧氏距离的幂指数函数导致其计算量过大的不足,首先采用基于欧氏距离的分式型柯西函数代替基于欧氏距离的幂指数函数提出图权计算的新方法,其次将其应用基于图谱划分测度的图像阈值分割算法中并得到一种改进的图谱阈值分割方法。实验结果表明,该方法的计算量小且对目标和背景相差比例较大的图像能获得满意的结果。     

基于多参数配准模型的脑核磁影像分割算法

配准技术在基于多图谱的分割方法中能有效地将医学图谱的先验知识融入分割过程,再结合以高效的标记融合算法,最终实现精确地自动分割.针对图谱配准的较大误差及其对标记融合的重要影响,本文建立了一种新的概率图模型框架并以此提出了基于多参数配准模型的分割算法,将此方法与高效的标记融合算法相结合,可以提高目标图像中特定组织区域的分割精度,更使其在少量图谱分割的情形下具有重要应用.首先,使用多种配准参数对所有目标图像进行配准;然后,分别采用不同的算法对配准图像进行灰度融合和标记融合,实现训练图像的重构过程;最后,利用高效的标记融合算法对重构后的图像进行融合得到最终精确的分割结果.实验结果表明该方法均优于本文其他分割算法,能够有效提升脑部组织分割精度.     

基于像素相似性与Graph-Cut的图像自动分割

采用Graph cut的图像分割分为交互式分割与自动分割,为了弥补交互式分割需要用户的参与、分割结果依赖种子点的选取与模型的建立、需要用户的进一步修正才能得到满意结果等不足,介绍基于相似性的自动图像分割。该方法采用Mean-shift平滑图像、转换成YCbCr空间后将图像分割成若干区域块等方法,建立合适的能量函数后利用最大流/最小割定理求最小割。并通过实验证明,该方法在自动性、准确性、时间效率方面都获得较好结果。     

基于运动窗生成的时空视频分割

本文提出了一种基于运动窗生成的时空视频分割方法.首先通过检测运动变化区域而生成运动窗,然后只对视频图像在运动窗内的部分进行时空视频分割,从而大大减少了运算量,提高了运算速度.此外,在空间分割中,本文提出了一种符合人眼视觉特性的逐级划分的空间分割方法;最后根据运动相似性将区域合并,完成视频分割.实验结果表明,本文的方法运算速度快并能有效地进行空间分割,最后能取得较好的视频分割结果.     

一种有效的图像阴影自动去除算法

目标跟踪与检测研究中,在检测运动前景时也会检测到运动目标投射的阴影。阴影使得运动目标发生几何变形,可能造成运动目标粘连,甚至造成检测不到目标。阴影去除后才能较真实的得到运动目标重心。本文研究一种利用图像YCbCr颜色信息去除阴影的方法。首先利用背景减的方法得到带影子的目标区域,其次进行YCbCr空间的背景减,由于影子和目标物体在YCbCr空间背景减信息有较大差别,因此可以通过阈值判断得到去影之后的精确目标区域,目标物体识别的精确性和鲁棒性将会得到提高。实验结果表明,该方法在去除阴影的同时又较好地保留了前景目标的信息,是一种有效的阴影去除方法。      

一种鲁棒的人脑组织核磁共振图像分割算法研究

自动的人脑核磁共振(MR)图像分割是许多医学图像应用的关键问题.该文提出了一种有效的自动脑核磁共振图像的分割方法框架体系,脑MR分割框架体系由3个处理步骤构成.首先,采用基于水平集的方法将MR图像中非脑组织剔除,从脑图像中提取大脑组织结构.然后,对MR脑结构图像进行灰度不均匀性校正.最后,该算法采用最大后验分类器可以将人脑组织分为脑白质、脑灰质、脑髓液.在实验中对大量的MR脑图像数据应用该分割算法.实验结果充分证明该方法的有效性.这种分割算法适用于人脑核磁图像分析的各种实际临床应用.     

基于双曲图注意力网络的知识图谱链路预测方法

现有的大多数知识表示学习模型孤立地看待每个知识三元组,未能发现和利用实体周围邻域特征信息,并且将树状层级结构的知识图谱嵌入到欧式空间,会带来嵌入式向量高度失真的问题。为解决上述问题,该文提出了一种基于双曲图注意力网络的知识图谱链路预测方法(HyGAT-LP)。首先将知识图谱嵌入到负常数曲率的双曲空间中,从而更契合知识图谱的树状层级结构;然后在所给实体领域内基于实体和关系两种层面的注意力机制聚合邻域特征信息,将实体嵌入到低维的双曲空间;最后利用得分函数计算每个三元组的得分值,并以此作为判定该三元组成立的依据完成知识图谱上的链路预测任务。实验结果表明,与基准模型相比,所提方法可显著提高知识图谱链路预测性能。     

基于模糊聚类算法的体育运动视频图像分析应用

针对当前的体育运动视频图像分割方法存在图像分割结果粗糙以及空间畸变率高等缺陷,提出基于模糊聚类算法的体育运动视频图像分割方法。介绍了模糊聚类算法的基本理论,借助时域差分图像建立含有正态分布和灰度值的二阶模糊属性,赋予模糊属性S隶属度函数,进而对时域差分图像进行模糊聚类,再通过边缘检测得到运动视频图像分割结果。实验结果证明,该方法的空间精度高、噪声迭代性能好、空间畸变率低,可精准分割复杂运动视频图像,得到高清画面。     

用基于运动的区域生长法分割序列图像

针对基于对象的视频编码应用,提出了一种基于运动的区域生长分割方案,将图像分割成具有一致运动特征的区域。方案中采用块匹配法进行运动估计,利用重构式开－闭及区域生长型水岭算法等形态工具进行空间域分割,以改进时间域分割。此外,为了求取可靠的运动矢量,还提出了一种变化检测算法及预选多个候选运动矢量的运动估计方法。初步的模拟结果表明,该方案是可行的。其主要优点是算法简单、计算量少。     

Atlas-based segmentation of pathological MR brain images using a model of lesion growth

We propose a method for brain atlas deformation in the presence of large space-occupying tumors, based on an a priori model of lesion growth that assumes radial expansion of the lesion from its starting point. Our approach involves three steps. First, an affine registration brings the atlas and the patient into global correspondence. Then, the seeding of a synthetic tumor into the brain atlas provides a template for the lesion. The last step is the deformation of the seeded atlas, combining a method derived from optical flow principles and a model of lesion growth. Results show that a good registration is performed and that the method can be applied to automatic segmentation of structures and substructures in brains with gross deformation, with important medical applications in neurosurgery, radiosurgery, and radiotherapy.     

Atlas renormalization for improved brain MR image segmentation across scanner platforms

Atlas-based approaches have demonstrated the ability to automatically identify detailed brain structures from 3-D magnetic resonance (MR) brain images. Unfortunately, the accuracy of this type of method often degrades when processing data acquired on a different scanner platform or pulse sequence than the data used for the atlas training. In this paper, we improve the performance of an atlas-based whole brain segmentation method by introducing an intensity renormalization procedure that automatically adjusts the prior atlas intensity model to new input data. Validation using manually labeled test datasets has shown that the new procedure improves the segmentation accuracy (as measured by the Dice coefficient) by 10% or more for several structures including hippocampus, amygdala, caudate, and pallidum. The results verify that this new procedure reduces the sensitivity of the whole brain segmentation method to changes in scanner platforms and improves its accuracy and robustness, which can thus facilitate multicenter or multisite neuroanatomical imaging studies.     

Construction of an abdominal probabilistic atlas and its application in segmentation

There have been significant efforts to build a probabilistic atlas of the brain and to use it for many common applications, such as segmentation and registration. Though the work related to brain atlases can be applied to nonbrain organs, less attention has been paid to actually building an atlas for organs other than the brain. Motivated by the automatic identification of normal organs for applications in radiation therapy treatment planning, we present a method to construct a probabilistic atlas of an abdomen consisting of four organs (i.e., liver, kidneys, and spinal cord). Using 32 noncontrast abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans, 31 were mapped onto one individual scan using thin plate spline as the warping transform and mutual information (MI) as the similarity measure. Except for an initial coarse placement of four control points by the operators, the MI-based registration was automatic. Additionally, the four organs in each of the 32 CT data sets were manually segmented. The manual segmentations were warped onto the "standard" patient space using the same transform computed from their gray scale CT data set and a probabilistic atlas was calculated. Then, the atlas was used to aid the segmentation of low-contrast organs in an additional 20 CT data sets not included in the atlas. By incorporating the atlas information into the Bayesian framework, segmentation results clearly showed improvements over a standard unsupervised segmentation method.     

基于YCbCr高阶统计量的图像隐写分析

论文提出了一种应用小波变换基于YCbCr图层高阶统计量的JPEG图像通用隐写分析算法,该算法不局限于某种特定的隐匿算法。由于JPEG图片使用的是YCbCr颜色模型,因而若仍在RGB色彩层上构造高阶统计量,必然会淡化隐写后图像的特征,所以本文提出在YCbCr色彩层上处理高阶统计量,消除了RGB色彩模型同YCbCr色彩模型之间转化所产生的误差;统计量的构造通过原图与切割图像的差异,可减少SVM训练的样本数。     

一种基于脑部肿瘤MR图像的分割方法

针对传统的分割方法难以实现医学图像自动分割和准确分割的问题,提出了一种基于GVF Snake模型的医学图像分割方法。该方法采用Canny算子的边缘检测结果作为GVF扩散方程计算的边缘映射图,提高了GVF Snake模型的抗噪性能;用分水岭算法自动获取的轮廓作为GVF Snake模型分割的初始轮廓,降低了GVF力场计算的复杂性和分割时轮廓线的迭代次数。分析和实验结果表明,采用该方法对脑部肿瘤MR图像进行分割时,能自动准确地分割出肿瘤区域。     

Improved labeling of subcortical brain structures in atlas-based segmentation of magnetic resonance images

Precise labeling of subcortical structures plays a key role in functional neurosurgical applications. Labels from an atlas image are propagated to a patient image using atlas-based segmentation. Atlas-based segmentation is highly dependent on the registration framework used to guide the atlas label propagation. This paper focuses on atlas-based segmentation of subcortical brain structures and the effect of different registration methods on the generated subcortical labels. A single-step and three two-step registration methods appearing in the literature based on affine and deformable registration algorithms in the ANTS and FSL algorithms are considered. Experiments are carried out with two atlas databases of IBSR and LPBA40. Six segmentation metrics consisting of Dice overlap, relative volume error, false positive, false negative, surface distance, and spatial extent are used for evaluation. Segmentation results are reported individually and as averages for nine subcortical brain structures. Based on two statistical tests, the results are ranked. In general, among four different registration strategies investigated in this paper, a two-step registration consisting of an initial affine registration followed by a deformable registration applied to subcortical structures provides superior segmentation outcomes. This method can be used to provide an improved labeling of the subcortical brain structures in MRIs for different applications.     

基于多模态融合的2D MR脑肿瘤图像分割算法研究

针对不同模态MR脑肿瘤图像呈现的肿瘤状态差异以及卷积神经网络(convolutional neural networks, CNNs)提取特征局限性的问题,提出了一种基于多模态融合的MR脑肿瘤图像分割方法。分割模型以U-net网络为原型,创新一种多模态图像融合方式以加强特征提取能力,同时引入通道交叉注意力机制(channel cross transformer, CCT)代替U-net中的跳跃连接结构,进一步弥补深浅层次的特征差距与空间依赖性,有效融合多尺度特征,加强对肿瘤的分割能力。实验在BraTS数据集上进行了多目标分割结果验证,通过定量分析对比前沿网络分割结果,表明该方法确有良好的分割性能,其分割出三种肿瘤区域的Dice系数分别达到80%、74%、71%。     

Atlas-based indexing of brain sections via 2-D to 3-D image registration

A 2-D to 3-D nonlinear intensity-based registration method is proposed in which the alignment of histological brain sections with a volumetric brain atlas is performed. First, sparsely cut brain sections were linearly matched with an oblique slice automatically extracted from the atlas. Second, a planar-to-curved surface alignment was employed in order to match each section with its corresponding image overlaid on a curved-surface within the atlas. For the latter, a PDE-based registration technique was developed that is driven by a local normalized-mutual-information similarity measure. We demonstrate the method and evaluate its performance with simulated and real data experiments. An atlas-guided segmentation of mouse brains' hippocampal complex, retrieved from the Mouse Brain Library (MBL) database, is demonstrated with the proposed algorithm.     

基于局部Walsh变换和非负矩阵分解的脑白质图像分割

脑白质病变诊断是医学研究和病理分析的重要方面。颅脑核磁共振图像的白质分割在诊断中起着非常重要的作用,其分割的准确性直接影响后续的分析和诊断研究。本文提出了一种基于局部Walsh变换和非负矩阵分解的大脑核磁共振图像白质分割算法。算法首先对颅脑图像进行局部Walsh变换,选择鉴别性能好的特征得到特征矩阵,然后对其进行非负矩阵分解并得到白质的分割结果。实验表明,本方法计算简单,精度比较高,可以得到比较理想的分割结果。     

三维人脑计算机图谱表面重建的层间轮廓线插值

本文针对三维人脑计算机图谱问题,采用线性插值算法,给出了一种可用于序列图象的高精度表面重建的层间轮廓线插值方法.该方法不仅对一般问题的效果良好,而且成功地解决了弹性插值中不能解决的示例.对一系列数据的实验结果表明,它是一种可行的层间轮廓线插值方法,对医学影像数据的三维重建和显示具有重要意义.