熔锥光纤的特性研究

从理论和实验两方面研究了熔锥光纤锥区的传输、耦合、偏振和调制特性。用耦合模 理论分析了光纤锥形区的传输和耦合性质,给出了锥形光纤传输和耦合效率与锥形区结构的关系。实验上测定了实际锥形光纤在不同锥角、不同长度下的偏振特性,得出偏振光经实际锥形光纤传输或耦合后,再传输其终端,得到均是椭圆偏振光的结论。测定了载波光脉冲经过锥形光纤耦合后其脉冲的变化特性,实验表明,光脉冲在经过锥形光纤耦合传输后其形状保持不变。     

熔锥光纤器件的锥区特性

从理论和实验两方面研究了熔锥光纤器件的锥区的传输、耦合、偏振和调制特性.用耦合模理论分析给出了锥形光纤传输和耦合效率与锥区结构的关系.实验上测定了实际锥形光纤在不同锥角、不同长度下的偏振特性,得出偏振光经实际锥形光纤传输或耦合后,再传输其终端,得到均是椭圆偏振光的结论.测定了载波光脉冲经过锥形光纤耦合后其脉冲的变化特性,实验表明,光脉冲在经过锥形光纤耦合传输后其形状保持不变.     

多模锥形光纤耦合与出光特性的研究

从理论和实验两方面研究了多模锥形光纤锥端的特性。用射线理论分析了不同锥角大小条件下锥端光线传输特性,推导出了锥角大小与锥端孔径角及出光发散角的关系。按照理论指导制备了不同锥角的银行光纤,通过激光二极管与锥形光纤耦合等实验验证了理论的正确性。     

熔锥光纤的模场传输特性分析

在近场光学显微镜、高功率光纤耦合器等应用场合,需要对熔锥光纤中的光场分布有更精确的了解。基于锥形函数,应用时域有限差分法模拟了熔锥光纤中的光场分布,分析了熔锥参数对单锥形光纤和双锥形光纤传输效率的影响,并与使用基模高斯近似得到的结果进行了比较。结果表明:使用基模高斯近似分析熔锥光纤的光场会产生较大误差;在形态分布对称的熔锥光纤中光场分布是非对称性的,基模场入射熔锥光纤后会在熔锥光纤中激发出泄漏模,对于单锥形和双锥形结构的熔锥光纤,初始熔融长度和拉伸长度对传输效率均有影响。应根据具体的应用情况,确定熔锥参数,以获得更高的传输效率。     

熔融拉锥过程中熔锥形状特性的研究

为了便于精确控制熔锥光纤的形状,基于理论与实验研究,首先建立了熔融拉锥过程中熔锥光纤的成形模型,分析了熔锥形成的基本原理,并分别对加热区域不变及线性变化两种情况下熔锥形状进行理论分析,确定了加热区域长度、拉锥距离与熔锥过渡区形状、锥腰长度及半径的关系,最后给出了一系列熔锥光纤的理论形状和实验得到的实际形状。实验结果表明,熔锥的实际测量值与理论值十分接近,相对误差<3.89%。     

锥形光纤的结构与特性

通过理论分析和仿真试验,研究了锥形光纤的几何形状对锥形光纤的传输损耗和耦合效率的影响.用几何光学的分析方法,说明了光信号在锥形光纤中的传输损耗远低于同类型的圆柱形光纤;仿真试验研究了光源与光纤的相对位置、锥形光纤的尖端半径、锥形光纤的锥角大小对锥形光纤耦合效率的影响.     

熔拉与腐蚀光纤探针传输特性的研究

用实验方法测量了用熔拉或腐蚀的方法制备的光纤探针的传输效率随光纤圆锥角的变化关系,作出传输效率曲线,通过测定光纤探针传输效率的实验,我们看到:在小锥角的情况下,用熔拉法制备的光纤探针与腐蚀的方法制备的光纤探针的传输效率基本相同。在大锥角的情况下,用腐蚀法制备的光纤探针传输效率高于熔拉的方法制备的光纤探针的传输效率。在锥角为50.4°时,腐蚀的光纤探针传输效率为78.8%,熔拉的光纤探针传输效率为76.6%。在相同的条件下,两者的传输效率的差别随入射光波长的增加而下降。     

熔融拉锥技术在光纤耦合传输中的应用

为了实现光纤激光器和放大器系统中不同参量光纤的低损耦合,采用光纤拉锥方法来实现光纤连接。经过理论分析,在大数值孔径光纤传输到小数值孔径光纤时,采用光纤拉锥技术可以有效地提高传输功率。采用改造的大模光纤熔接机进行拉锥实验研究,精确控制拉锥时间、放电功率、步进量和步进速率可以获得不同的拉锥形状。采用光纤拉锥元件对标准单模光纤和大模场光纤进行耦合实验,得到纤芯内传输的耦合输出效率由之前的50%提高到85%,获得了低损连接效果。结果表明,熔融拉锥技术为不同光纤之间的耦合提供了一种简单实用的方式。     

球聚焦型3×1光纤熔锥耦合器的研究

以线性耦合波方程为基础,采用散射矩阵的方法讨论了等三角分布的熔锥型3×1光纤耦合器,并用射线理论分析了球聚焦透镜光纤的端面效应。将未封装的3×3熔锥光纤耦合器在束腰处切断,并将锥端面熔成聚焦球端,利用光信号在光纤锥形区和球聚焦透镜中特有的传输和耦合特性,实现了光纤的耦合、连接和分束。结果表明:采用该方法耦合效率可达70%左右。同时大大增加了耦合系统的失调容差,降低了调试和封装的难度,因而有着广泛的实际应用价值。     

探索一种新型光纤连接器

介绍了一种新型的光纤连接器一锥形光纤连接器。利用局域模式耦合理论,分析了单根锥形光纤的传输特性和这种新型光纤连接器的耦合特性,并从实验上测定了由两根锥形光纤组成的锥形光纤连接器的耦合特性,从一定意义上证明了该光纤连接器的可行性,为优化光纤连接器的结构和性能,促进光纤通信事业的发展具有重要意义。     

Tapered polymer single-mode waveguides for mode transformation

This paper presents a tapered polymer waveguide structure for coupling light between optical waveguides with differing geometries. Optical fibers, lasers, and other photonic integrated circuit components can be coupled with tapered waveguides. The polymer waveguide performs a mode transformation between different mode shapes and sizes. For example, the mode transformation can be from an elliptical laser diode mode to that of a circular optical fiber mode. The input and output of a tapered waveguide structure are analyzed, for the case of laser to fiber coupling, in order to determine the effect of misalignments on the coupling efficiency. Adiabaticity in waveguide propagation is discussed. The fabrication of our polymer waveguides is also described     

A tapered graded-index lens: analysis of transmission propertiesand applications in fiber-optic communication systems

Propagation properties of a linearly tapered parabolic-index dielectric cylinder are studied using a ray-optics approach. Analytical solutions for trajectories of skew rays with arbitrary initial conditions are obtained for tapers with small slope and small index variations over transverse dimensions. Conditions for an arbitrary ray to remain bound to the core of the taper are derived. Applications of these tapered lenses for coupling of light sources to fibers, for beam expanding/refocusing in microoptics devices, and for splicing two fibers of different core sizes are addressed, Power coupling efficiency for illumination from both Lambertian and narrow-beam light sources are calculated. Improvement in coupling efficiency, when taper is are used to couple power from directed-beam sources to optical fibers, is demonstrated. Radiation losses when a taper is used as a transition element between two fibers of different core radii are evaluated. Plots of skew-ray paths, illustrating the gradual concentration of power as light travels toward the smaller end of the taper, are also presented     

Coupling of modes in bent biconically tapered single-mode fibers

Biconically tapered single-mode fibers are fabricated by heating a single-mode fiber while applying tension. As a result of this tapering, cladding modes are excited in the tapered region of the fiber where the V parameter of the fiber goes down below 1.0. These cladding modes couple to one another, leading to fluctuations of the optical throughput. Since the index difference between the cladding and the external medium is rather high (~0.5), the cladding modes will be of the exact type, namely, TE, TM, HE, and EH modes. The coupling of these modes in the tapered region is analyzed using the exact mode formalism when the tapered region is bent. The theoretical results agree very well with experimental results obtained on bent tapers which show strong fluctuations of the optical power as a function of the bending angle     

锥形光纤在多窗口激光告警系统中的应用研究

为了实现激光告警系统的抗干扰性及宽视场,文章提出应用锥形光纤进行光学探头的设计。该方法是采用端面有锥角的光纤并与光电二极管直接耦合连接实现光电转换,通过测量电压值来表示入射光的能量。文章根据激光告警系统设计要求对锥形光纤角度选择及光纤能量接收进行了分析和实验,实验数据表明,该方法可以增大告警系统的探测视场。     

Silicon photodetector structure for direct coupling of optical fibers to integrated circuits

A novel detector structure exhibiting real-estate efficient coupling of optical fibers to semiconductor devices is described. The integrated fiber-optic coupler employs vertical insertion of a tapered single-mode fiber into a laser-etched cylindrical hole in the substrate. It features a small surface footprint, mechanical stability, and accurate alignment. Fabricated in silicon, the p-n junction detectors have typically shown responsivities of 0.23 A/W at 0.63 µm, corresponding to a quantum efficiency of 45 percent, and dark currents below 1 nA.     

Coupling between angled-facet amplifiers and tapered lens-endedfibers

The coupling between angled facet amplifiers and tapered lens-ended fibers is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The theoretical investigation is based on a three-dimensional plane wave model which accounts for the phase differences introduced by the angled facets. The coupling is investigated with respect to the beam parameters of the amplifier waveguide and the tapered lens-ended fiber, and with respect to the fiber position. The excess coupling losses due to the facet angle and to the variation of the fiber lens radius are investigated theoretically and found to be in good agreement with experimental results. For optimized lens radii, the excess loss for a 10° facet angle is found to be less than 0.5 dB compared to a normal facet amplifier