Changing Energy Consumption Behaviour: Individuals' Responsibility and Government Role

Renewable energy is clearly a very important topic nowadays. The risk and the damage that could be caused by conventional energy resources cannot be hidden. There is an enormous need that people start formulating a better attitude towards renewable energy and change their consumption behaviour. Otherwise, the future of environment and the coming generations are defiantly not going to be promising. This paper discusses the importance of sustainable energy and how the energy related behaviour is created. It presents a framework to influence the current behaviour and push it to be more green oriented. It is also important to know till what limit are governments responsible in this change, and what are the tools that they have to push towards green direction.     

Design and Implementation of an Inclusive Ubiquitous Access

The development towards ubiquitous network access requires innovative solutions to get remote areas included, especially rural areas of developing regions. The challenges include robustness of network components, poor or non-existent power supply and sustainable business models. We argue that large scale user-driven community networks are becoming technically viable to deploy in areas that are short of supply of telecommunication services due to little or no commercial interest. To support this claim, we discuss the design of key network elements and careful power management based on alternative energy sources and storage. We also provide a status report from ongoing field-tests regarding provisioning of broadband network services in Serengeti, Tanzania, and outline briefly our strategy to achieve sustainability. On the technical side, we first discuss an affordable, high-performance, low-effect router based on open source software and standard off-the-shelf hardware offering both copper and fibre links. Our design is capable of forwarding more than 700?kpps at 22.3?W. The power consumption is considerably less than all alternatives in our comparison. Then we discuss power management and the use of batteries and super-capacitors as backup and storage solutions.     

TelecomI+D09: Dynamic management of ICT service infrastructures for energy efficiency optimization

Improving the energy efficiency of ICT service provisioning infrastructures presents many advantages, both from the corporate social responsibility and from the business competitiveness perspective. In this context, reducing data center energy consumption is one of the main tasks to focus on, since these facilities concentrate a great share of an ICT service provider's power demand in a small number of locations. The adoption of commercial energy-saving solutions, based on static configurations, introduces significant improvements, but considerable infrastructure underutilization levels remain. In order to allow ICT service providers to overcome the limitations found in existing energy efficiency tools, this paper describes an infrastructure management solution which dynamically adjusts the performance of the managed environment to match service demand, thus optimizing energy consumption. Additionally, the first validation experiences of the proposed management solution in the context of a telecom operator's service provisioning infrastructure are described.     

Household energy use patterns and social organisation for optimal energy management in a multi‐user solar energy system

Multi‐user systems (MUS) for electrification of rural villages have specific advantages compared with individual systems (SHS). However, as MUS serve multiple consumers, shared energy use presents a challenging problem to the communities. Despite the increased performance of MUS over SHS, they still produce a limited amount of available energy, and users cannot consume as much electricity as they wish without considering the needs of the other users. This means that energy distribution among village residents has to be organised and energy consumption has to be controlled. There are different ways to achieve energy distribution. One possibility is to leave it to the users themselves to organise rational energy use according to their needs and daily routines. For the development of a self‐managed scheme, knowledge is required not only of the users' total energy consumption, but also of their individual energy use patterns. With knowledge of the community's energy consumption habits, rules for adequate energy use can be developed more accurately. The present study describes community energy management in a Cuban village using a central photovoltaic installation. Applying different methods, data were collected in order to identify individual energy use patterns and to investigate how villagers distribute energy and what rules of use are in effect. We wanted to find out whether their energy management leads to well‐adapted energy use patterns and reasonable system performance. The results show that the village residents have developed rules and agreements for coordination of their energy use that have led to good adaptation to the dynamics of energy production. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An analysis of energy consumption and carbon footprints of cryptocurrencies and possible solutions

There is an urgent need to control global warming caused by humans to achieve a sustainable future. CO₂ levels are rising steadily, and while countries worldwide are actively moving toward the sustainability goals proposed during the Paris Agreement in 2015, we are still a long way to go from achieving a sustainable mode of global operation. The increased popularity of cryptocurrencies since the introduction of Bitcoin in 2009 has been accompanied by an increasing trend in greenhouse gas emissions and high electrical energy consumption. Popular energy tracking studies (e.g., Digiconomist and the Cambridge Bitcoin Energy Consumption Index (CBECI)) have estimated energy consumption ranges from 29.96 ?TWh to 135.12 ?TWh and 26.41 ?TWh to 176.98 ?TWh, respectively for Bitcoin as of July 2021, which are equivalent to the energy consumption of countries such as Sweden and Thailand. The latest estimate by Digiconomist on carbon footprints shows a 64.18 MtCO₂ emission by Bitcoin as of July 2021, close to the emissions by Greece and Oman. This review compiles estimates made by various studies from 2018 to 2021. We compare the energy consumption and carbon footprints of these cryptocurrencies with countries around the world and centralized transaction methods such as Visa. We identify the problems associated with cryptocurrencies and propose solutions that can help reduce their energy consumption and carbon footprints. Finally, we present case studies on cryptocurrency networks, namely, Ethereum 2.0 and Pi Network, with a discussion on how they can solve some of the challenges we have identified.     

Prosumer Cooperation Behavior: Implications for Prosumer Community Design

The decentralization of the energy sector's infrastructure is commonly understood as an important step towards an efficient and sustainable energy system. However, technical measures only have a limited impact on the systems goals. The decentralization of decision-making, the empowerment of households and the occurrence of prosumer communities require more human-centric approaches to meet future challenges; the application of the subsidiarity principle and decentralization seems inevitable but also unclear in its implementation in an energy system, the cooperation behavior of community members gains in importance and the design of prosumer communities must overcome economic problems. This article emphasizes the human-centered challenges which go along with prosumer communities. We apply economic principles to reveal major problems which go with the shifts in energy-related decision-making towards prosumers and integrate behavioral science for prosumer community design. We highlight the importance of energy as an interpersonal construct; a view on energy which will gain in importance within a prosumer communities shaped network.     

Energy-efficiency of MIMO and cooperative MIMO techniques in sensor networks

We consider radio applications in sensor networks, where the nodes operate on batteries so that energy consumption must be minimized, while satisfying given throughput and delay requirements. In this context, we analyze the best modulation and transmission strategy to minimize the total energy consumption required to send a given number of bits. The total energy consumption includes both the transmission energy and the circuit energy consumption. We first consider multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) systems based on Alamouti diversity schemes, which have good spectral efficiency but also more circuitry that consumes energy. We then extend our energy-efficiency analysis of MIMO systems to individual single-antenna nodes that cooperate to form multiple-antenna transmitters or receivers. By transmitting and/or receiving information jointly, we show that tremendous energy saving is possible for transmission distances larger than a given threshold, even when we take into account the local energy cost necessary for joint information transmission and reception. We also show that over some distance ranges, cooperative MIMO transmission and reception can simultaneously achieve both energy savings and delay reduction.     

Energy-efficient communication networks for improved global energy productivity

Recently, a lot of effort has been put into research and development of energy-efficient devices and systems and into optimization of the network infrastructure with regard to energy consumption. On the one hand, reducing total power consumption of global communication networks has become an imperative and an important step towards the future highly energy-efficient Internet. On the other hand, capacity and performance of the Internet must be continuously improved in order to meet the high requirements set by the continuously increasing of both the number of broadband subscribers and the amount of user traffic. Thus, only a highly energy-efficient and high-performance network infrastructure designed to efficiently support advanced applications and services for improving energy productivity in many other branches of business and society can significantly contribute to global energy savings. This paper briefly discusses potentials and options for achieving such an energy-efficient network infrastructure. Some examples of software applications and services for global energy savings are briefly reviewed. The aim of this paper is to draw attention to the need for a holistic approach to evaluate energy efficiency and to improve the global energy productivity through the use of high-performance and energy-efficient networks, services and applications.     

Strategien der Energiewende: Energieeffizienz und effektive Energieberatung

The shift towards a sustainable energy system based on high efficiency and renewable energy sources is the project of this century. Despite the success of renewable energy sources, this transformation can only be successful on the basis of a comprehensive energy efficiency policy, involving technological, economic and social factors in parallel.     

Sentiment Analysis as a Source of Gaining Competitive Advantage on the Electricity Markets

The electricity retail markets are evolving toward more competitive and customer-oriented. The deployment of smart meters and a wealth of new technologies create customers' eagerness for taking control of their electricity consumption. By being better-informed about the energy usage, people are encouraged to switch deals among existing suppliers or move to a new energy provider. Moreover, as customers are more socially interconnected, the Internet portals and social media become a place for discussion, comparison, and evaluation of the available offers. Unfortunately, in case of the energy sector there is a lack of understanding that such information, when taken into account and properly analyzed, can be a completely new and a powerful source of competitive advantage.In the paper, we introduce a solution that the use of quasi real-time automated sentiment analysis on the energy suppliers and the relevant aspects of their offers may enable energy companies to adapt quickly to changing circumstances, prevent potential customer churn, and harness new business opportunities.     

SmartWine: Intelligent End-to-End Cloud-Based Monitoring System

SmartWine is an intelligent cloud based system for monitoring of the wine production process, starting from grape cultivation to wine production and storage. It is an end-to-end solution for intelligent, energy efficient and modernized wine production technology chain capable of both, real-time and offline monitoring of critical process parameters. SmartWine provides a solution designed specifically for users needs that allows 24/7 effective monitoring of every phase of wine production from any location in the world. SmartWine is based on a sensor network platform, utilizing off-the-shelf sensors. It is a cloud-based Internet of Things (IoT) solution with centralized server system, allowing multiple users to simultaneously and transparently use the system. This paper presents the SmartWine solution implemented for vineyard monitoring. SmartWine secures the winemakers with sustainable management and monitoring practice on resources consumption, cost decrease for energy, water and pesticide usage towards more sustainable and higher quality of wine production.     

数据中心能效优化策略研究

数据中心数量及规模的增长使得数据中心能耗问题愈发凸显,多国政府针对数据中心能耗问题制定了相应的政策、法规,以促进数据中心节能。对数据中心能耗构成及能效指标进行了研究,从供配电系统、制冷系统及IT设备3个方面对数据中心能效影响因素进行了分析,然后对当前主流的数据中心能效优化策略进行了总结;在此基础上,提出了数据中心即服务的能效优化策略,该能效优化策略充分考察了数据中心服务性能和能耗的匹配性,能够有效实现数据中心全局能效优化。     

Ubiquitous computing: An overview of technology impacts

Ubiquitous computing is considered as a promising technological path of innovation. Intensive R&D activities and political strategies are addressing the objective to foster marketable technologies and applications. This article explores the state-of-the-art on the way towards the “Internet of things”. Which application fields have already proved their potential for realising the vision and promises related to the new technology? What are the technical, legal and social challenges that have to be addressed – and how can policy-makers contribute? We deal with these questions in the light of recent developments in research and business, illustrating the findings by examples in retail, logistics and health care. The article concludes that further efforts by all stakeholders from businesses, society and politics are necessary to make ubiquitous computing applications economically sustainable and socially compatible in order to tap its full potential.     

PC服务器能效测量研究与应用实践

PC服务器是企业运营中重要的IT设备,其本身能耗及配套制冷能耗是企业用电量的重要组成部分,如何精确测量PC服务器的能效,并根据测量结果选用能效高的服务器设备以节能增效是企业面临的问题。本文重点讨论PC服务器能效的测量方法,并根据大量的测量实践,揭示不同设备厂家设备能耗的差异、机架服务器和刀片服务器能效关系以及影响能效表现的因素。     

TV advertising highlights energy wastage in UK industry

A new advertising campaign, called ‘Lifeblood’, highlights the fact that British small business is wasting as much as 30% of its energy consumption. With small and medium enterprises (SMEs) facing an annual energy bill of £3.5 billion (US$6 billion), this amounts to a total loss of £1.1bn ($1.9bn), or £7000 ($12 000) on average per business.     

化工工艺中常见的节能降耗技术研究

我国第一产业能源消费终端不断升高,化工产业作为第一产业的一部分,在能源消耗方面占有很大比重.节能降耗技术的价值主要体现在其能够节约能源,降低耗能.在化工工艺中使用节能降耗技术,其目的是为了节约能耗,实现化工产业可持续发展.文章中针对节能降耗技术在化工工艺装置、化工反应工艺技术方面的运用进行论述.     

Medium access control priority mechanism for a DQMAN-based wireless network

The analysis of an access priority mechanism for a high-performance Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol, the Distributed Queueing MAC protocol for wireless Ad Hoc Networks (DQMAN), is presented in this letter. DQMAN is comprised of a hierarchical, dynamic, and spontaneous masterslave clustering algorithm together with an embedded treesplitting collision resolution algorithm based on access minislots. The responsibility of being master entails extra functionality, and thus extra energy consumption. Therefore, this responsibility must be shared in a dynamic manner among all the stations of the network in order to ensure fairness in the system. By allowing those stations acting as master stations to avoid contention to get access to the channel, their average packet transmission delay can be effectively reduced compared to that of slave stations. Consequently, stations may be encouraged to operate in master mode regardless of the extra functions they may have to carry out. We analyze in this letter the reduced average packet transmission delay for masters.     

Linear and neural dynamic models: shared benefits between the industrial customer and the ESCo from the energy services' perspective

In this corrspondence, we investigate the application of linear and neurodynamic models to solve the critical problem of obtaining the most cost-effective electrical load forecast for an industrial site. This is done from the perspective of an energy service company (ESCo). The ESCos' business model is based on the notion of making money by providing a means to enable their commercial customers to lower their electric bills. This in turn is based on the idea that the energy supplier's cost of doing business is reduced if its commercial customers can provide a reliable load forecast. A portion of that cost savings is passed on to the user as a discount in the selling price. Since it is not cost effective for the customer to install extensive monitoring instrumentation, the load forecast must be made on the basis of a model that is determined by applying systems identification techniques to the user's consumption pattern. By a single-point observation of the electrical energy consumption in a dairy plant at quarter-hour intervals over a two-year period, we were able to identify a model and use it to devise a straightforward strategy for nontrivial cost savings to the user and a profitable line of service for the ESCo. The performance of several models is compared. The results for the weekly-based models are reported and the effective cost reduction along with the implementation time to set up the service package are quantified and verified in the proposed final business plan. The project produces overall revenues of roughly /spl euro/13 600 over a five-year contracting period.     

工艺路线对TFT工厂能源消耗的影响

为了在TFT工厂的设计、建设及运营阶段采取有针对性的节能降耗措施,有效降低器件制备过程中的能耗,本文根据我院多年从事TFT生产线节能评估工作的经验数据,针对不同技术路线,选取具有代表性的TFT-LCD及AMOLED生产线,并对其能耗进行对比分析,以讨论不同技术路线对TFT-LCD及AMOLED显示器件生产能耗的影响。分析结果表明:阵列制备是最主要用能工序,其制备复杂程度可采用光罩次数(Mask)表征。随着光罩次数的增加,器件制造对电力、氮气、新鲜水等能源及耗能工质的需求呈急剧增长:采用10-13Mask技术的LTPS及AMOLED显示器件,其综合能耗达到a-Si及Oxide技术路线的约350%之多;在不同技术路线下,电力均为最主要的用能需求,其消耗量占总能耗的80%~87%。能耗的增加导致用能成本的大幅上升。在国家大力提倡绿色经济的环境下,建议各大厂商采取科学有效的能耗管控措施,以降低能源消耗及用能成本,实现产业的健康可持续发展。     

基于生物质燃料锅炉能源管理控制系统的研究

随着我国国民经济持续快速发展．带动了能源消费长期高速增长。目前我国能源供给已呈现出紧张局面。因此,在重点能耗设备如锅炉等．如何建立篚源管理体系,系统规划能源管理工作,对节能减排、提升效益实现可持续发展具有重要的作用。