一种新的BOC(n,n)无模糊跟踪算法

针对BOC(n,n)信号相关峰的多峰性引起信号跟踪模糊的问题,提出一种新的BOC(n,n)无模糊跟踪算法,通过重构本地BOC码合成无边峰的相关函数解决BOC信号的模糊跟踪问题.仿真与分析表明,提出的算法完全消除了自相关函数的多个边峰并保持窄相关,去模糊效果更好,具有良好的跟踪性能.相比于传统跟踪算法、自相关边锋消除法(ASPeCT)和副载波相位消除法(SCPC),新算法的鉴相曲线斜率较大,且鉴相曲线更加稳定.对于BOC-sin(n,n)和BOC-cos(n,n)信号,新算法的码相位测量误差均方差比副载波相位消除法更低,抗噪声性能最好.在抗多径性能方面,多径包络面积最小,多径抑制效果最优.     

一种新的BOC(15,2.5)调制信号同步方法

二进制偏移载波(BOC)调制方式由于调制信号自相关函数具有多峰性,在同步阶段易产生捕获模糊性的情况。针对此问题,提出了一种适用于Sine-BOC(15,2.5)调制信号的方法。新方法利用本地设计的一个辅助函数,将辅助函数与BOC调制信号自相关函数作和,按照一定规则构造出无边峰合成相关函数,实现信号的无模糊跟踪。仿真结果表明,该算法能够极大消除相关函数边峰,同时显著提高主峰检测峰值,并且使主峰宽度维持不变。     

基于Galileo接收机多径抑制方法比较*

为了减小多径信号的影响,目前已经出现了多种方法,但是大多采用特殊限制的多径天线、多天线技术以及载波平滑技术等。然而最重要的多径消除技术是基于接收机内部的相关技术,基于此给出了两种消除多径相关技术,即窄相关技术和高分辨率相关技术,并进行了比较。通过仿真结果可以看出,相关技术对多径有很好的抑制能力,且高分辨率相关技术优于窄相关技术。     

优化组合相关函数方法的BOC无模糊跟踪性能研究

二进制偏移载波(Binary-Offset-Carrier)调制广泛应用于现代化的全球导航卫星系统(Global Navigation Satellite System, GNSS)中,但BOC信号的自相关函数(Autocorrelation Function, ACF)的多副峰性质易产生跟踪模糊。针对该问题,提出了一种基于优化组合相关函数方法来实现BOC信号无模糊跟踪。该方法以自相关函数主峰为无模糊跟踪目标函数,采用最小二乘法获得多组不同时延BOC信号自相关函数组合的加权系数,并将获得的无模糊相关函数与原自相关函数相乘构成非相干鉴相器实现无模糊跟踪。分析了正弦相位和余弦相位BOC信号的跟踪性能,仿真结果表明该方法消除了BOC信号的跟踪模糊,同时保持了良好的跟踪性能。     

基于组合相关函数的AltBOC（15，10）信号的无模糊跟踪方法

针对由于自相关函数的多峰性质导致的交替二进制偏移载波（AltBOC）（15,10）信号的跟踪模糊问题提出一种基于组合相关函数的无模糊跟踪方法。首先设计了两个特殊的本地信号,然后通过码跟踪环路实现本地参考信号与接收信号的相关运算,从而获得两个互相关函数,最后将这两个互相关函数相乘以获得无模糊相关函数来消除模糊问题。分析了该方法的热噪声跟踪精度以及抗多径干扰性能,结果表明：1）该方法实现了无模糊跟踪;2）其跟踪精度介于类二进制相位键控（BPSK Like）方法和伪相关函数（PCF）法之间,当载噪比大于40 dB·Hz时跟踪精度与PCF方法相当;3）当多径延迟大于0.1个码片时,多径误差明显小于BPSK Like方法和PCF方法。     

基于组合相关函数的AltBOC（15，10）信号的无模糊跟踪方法

针对由于自相关函数的多峰性质导致的交替二进制偏移载波（AltBOC）（15，10）信号的跟踪模糊问题提出一种基于组合相关函数的无模糊跟踪方法。首先设计了两个特殊的本地信号，然后通过码跟踪环路实现本地参考信号与接收信号的相关运算，从而获得两个互相关函数，最后将这两个互相关函数相乘以获得无模糊相关函数来消除模糊问题。分析了该方法的热噪声跟踪精度以及抗多径干扰性能，结果表明：1）该方法实现了无模糊跟踪；2）其跟踪精度介于类二进制相位键控（BPSK Like）方法和伪相关函数（PCF）法之间，当载噪比大于40 dB·Hz时跟踪精度与PCF方法相当；3）当多径延迟大于0.1个码片时，多径误差明显小于BPSK Like方法和PCF方法。     

余弦BOC信号伪相关函数无模糊跟踪方法

二进制偏移载波 (binary offset carrier,BOC) 调制方式实现了频谱分离和频段共享,被应用于全球导航卫星系统中;但由于BOC信号自相关函数的主峰和副峰幅度差异较小,容易引起捕获和跟踪模糊,导致较大的测距误差;余弦相位BOC(Cosine-phased BOC,CosBOC)信号自相关函数形式相对复杂,给其无模糊处理带来了挑战;基于伪相关函数法(pseudo correlation function, PCF)思想,针对CosBOC信号设计本地参考信号的特殊码片波形,与接收信号相关后经过非线性组合可获得单峰无模糊相关函数,消除了跟踪模糊性;仿真结果表明:参数取值合适时该方法的跟踪和抗多径性能均优于同等条件下的BPSK-like方法。     

基于ASPeCT的TMBOC信号码跟踪环路

二进制偏置载频调制（Binary offset carrier,BOC）调制相比传统的BPSK调制,可以实现频段共用、频谱分离和优越的抗干扰、抗多径等性能,但缺点是BOC信号相关峰存在多峰,接收机捕获时容易造成主峰错锁,从而影响导航定位性能。为解决多峰模糊问题,本文针对时分复合二进制偏置载频调制(Time multiplexed BOC,TMBOC)信号特点,在分析传统相干鉴相器特点的基础上,提出了一种新的基于自相关旁瓣消除技术(Autocorrelation side peak cancellation technique,ASPeCT)的TMBOC信号码跟踪环路设计方法。对该码跟踪环路的性能仿真分析和实测数据验证结果表明：相比传统非相干鉴相器,基于ASPeCT的码跟踪环路鉴相器,能够很好地解决稳定跟踪点模糊的问题。〖JP3〗本文证明了ASPeCT技术在TMBOC软件接收机中的可用性和有效性,对BOC信号软件接收机的设计有很好的参考价值和指导意义。     

多径环境下的BOC信号的通用模型及捕获方法*

针对BOC(binary offset carrier)信号在多径环境下缺乏将各种边峰消除方法统一起来的通用模型以及无法精确捕获的问题,提出了一种基于Rake模型的边峰消除通用精确捕获方法。该方法首先利用Rake接收机将多径BOC信号采用最大比合并的方法得到近似单径信号,然后通过建立泛化的扩频符号波形,得到其边峰消除通用模型,最后通过相关合成运算得到精确的无模糊捕获方法。理论和计算机仿真表明,该方法不仅消除了多径干扰,建立了边峰消除通用模型而且较其他方法有更精确的捕获精度,对于sinBOC(1,1)而言,检测性能比SCPC算法提高了4dB。     

一种基于BOC信号的多径抑制技术

针对卫星导航接收机容易受多径信号干扰的影响,提出了一种基于最大似然估计的加权ELS（超前/滞后斜率）技术BOC多径减弱方法。该方法先经过最大似然估计得到直射信号估计值,再检测多个BOC信号自相关函数峰两边的斜率,可以有效地减小多径信号对环路的影响,性能优于传统的窄相关技术和ELS技术,并且只增加较少的计算复杂度。通过对BOC（10,5）的多径误差包络仿真分析表明：该方法能有效减小多径干扰引起的跟踪误差。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.