柴油发动机高压共轨喷射系统介绍

近年来柴油发动机高压喷射及其电控技术的快速发展,使柴油机在油耗、功率、扭矩和尾气排放方面显现出越来越明显的优势。国外发展趋势表明,柴油机在市场中的份额将会越来越大。通过对德国西门子公司VDO汽车零部件部门研制开发的第二代采用压电石英元件的共轨喷射系统的介绍,让读者了解到柴油共轨喷射系统的最新科技与发展动向,为国内柴油发动机技术革新与生产加工提供一定的帮助。     

柴油机尾气颗粒分离器的改进设计

针对传统柴油机尾气分离器过滤效率和效果均不理想的缺点,为了柴油机尾气颗粒分离器能更有效彻底地处理尾气颗粒,对柴油机尾气颗粒分离器的结构进行改进,使得分离器的分离效率和过滤效果都得到相应的提高。改进后结构采用以堇青石陶瓷为材料的蜂窝结构滤芯,同时为了处理滤芯上沉积的尾气颗粒,设计了一个电加热的装置,根据滤芯前后端的压力差确定电加热装置开始工作的时刻,将沉积尾气颗粒烧掉,避免了定期拆卸分离器的麻烦,相关试验结果表明改进后分离器效率提高了25%。     

基于Freescale单片机的柴油机尾气处理系统

针对国内柴油机尾气处理产品的稀缺,在分析柴油机尾气处理的工作原理及其控制需求的基础上,给出了以Freescale单片机MC68HC908EY16为核心的柴油机尾气处理系统的设计;从器件选择、电路设计和软件处理等方面介绍了系统的抗干扰设计;并介绍了系统信号采集、数据计算与分析及尾气再生处理等功能。经现场调试证明,该系统能稳定运行,达到了尾气净化的效果。     

矿用防爆柴油机尾气污染控制技术研究

煤矿资源开采步伐稳步前进背景下,对矿用防爆燃油机的综合性能提出更高要求。值得注意的是,尽管矿用防爆柴油机在设计中不断引入较多新技术,运行效率明显提高,但尾气污染问题较为严重,极大程度上制约矿用防爆柴油机运行综合效益的提高,要求采取有效的尾气污染控制方法。本次研究将从燃油应用调整、设备内部净化以及尾气处理三个角度,对矿用防爆柴油机尾气污染控制技术进行分析。     

浅谈SCR后处理技术对柴油机排放的优化

柴油机的发明创造提高了生产力,推动了社会进步,同时也带来了以氮氧化物为主体的尾气污染,威胁着环境安全。本文讲述了SCR后处理技术对柴油机尾气的优化减排,从原理和装置结构分析其如何做到对柴油机尾气进行优化处理以及SCR系统的发展趋势。     

柴油机节能减排技术研究

为实现柴油机使用过程中油耗少、污染小这一目标,提出一种高效节能减排方法,从机前柴油磁化处理、机内润滑油改善以及机后尾气处理3个方面对柴油机的工作过程进行改善处理。通过搭建具有测量油耗以及尾气分析等功能的柴油机实验台架,探究所采用的技术对柴油机节能减排的作用效果。研究表明,采用可控磁强磁化器对燃油进行磁化处理后,在中等负载的情况下对降低油耗的作用更明显,也能减少烟雾的排放;性能优良的润滑油能有效减少摩擦因数,降低柴油机油耗;采用固体颗粒净化器能减少尾气中的固体颗粒物的排放,达到减排的目的。     

非道路机械柴油机尾气后处理技术综述

正近几年来,我国空气污染严重,东部地区雾霾频发,尤其是秋冬季节,大部分地区都笼罩在穹顶之下。在此背景下,国家出台了越来越严格的尾气排放法规,柴油机的尾气处理已经成为各个非道路机械柴油机及主机生产厂面临的难题。柴油机的尾气处理目前有2个控制方向:一是提高柴油机的燃烧效率,降低尾气中的有害气体成分,目前主要技术有进气管理技术和燃烧技术、电子控制燃烧喷射技术、多气门技术、废气再循环技术等。二是应用后处理系统,     

柴油机曲轴与凸轮轴修理配套工艺研究

曲轴与凸轮轴是船舶柴油机中的重要部件,一旦出现磨损故障问题将直接影响到柴油机机体性能。基于此,本文对柴油机曲轴与凸轮轴常见损伤加以分析,提出对应的检查方法与修理方案,并以某轮船柴油发动机检修作业为例,对柴油机曲轴与凸轮轴修理配套工艺展开研究,通过一系列处理措施实现故障修复。可见,采取合理的曲轴与凸轮轴修理工艺有利于提升柴油发动机性能,促进船舶运行水平的提升。     

柴油发动机常见故障的维修与保养

柴油发动机是通过燃烧柴油来获取能量释放的发动机。它在节能、环保方面占有很大的优势,是汽油等热力发动力无法取代的。柴油发动机主要用于配套产品,例如日常生活中较大功率重型汽车、大型客车、工程机械、船队、发电机组等。为了避免柴油发动机使用过程出现故障,平时应对其进行维修与保养是必不可少的,对出现问题的零件进行检查,注重零件细节处理,定期定时的检查,综合检查的结果。需对柴油机常见故障进行彻底处理,制定相应的预防措施,以确保柴油机的质与量。本研究分析柴油发动机常见的故障,在此基础上分析常见故障的维修保养措施。     

将汽车技术引入农用 领跑多缸小柴市场的江苏四达发展纪实

多年来，柴油发动机在国内大多数人眼里，一直是一种屁股冒着黑烟的“墨斗鱼”形象。然而，江苏四达集团无锡四达柴油机厂生产的柴油发动机产品，由于全线通过欧洲Ⅰ号尾气排放标准，485ZL、4100ZL、4112ZL、6112ZL型增压中冷柴油机，率先通过欧洲Ⅱ号标准，成为绿色、环保、节能的新动力，备受广大经销商和用户的关注。     

Precise instrumentation of a diesel single-cylinder research engine

The accuracy of any empirical result is a direct consequence of the quality of experimental setup and the strict control over testing conditions. For internal combustion engines, a large number of parameters that also exhibit complex interdependence may significantly affect the engine performance. Therefore, this work describes the essentials required to establish a high-quality diesel engine research laboratory. A single-cylinder diesel engine is taken as the fundamental building block and the requirements for all essential sub-systems including fuel, intake, exhaust, coolant and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) are laid out. The measurement and analysis of cylinder pressure, and exhaust gas sampling/conditioning requirements for emission measurement are discussed in detail. The independent control of EGR and intake boost is also highlighted. The measurement and analysis techniques are supported with empirical data from a single-cylinder diesel engine setup. The emphasis is on providing the necessary guidelines for setting up a fully-instrumented diesel engine test laboratory.     

Relation between particulate emissions and exhaust smoke level in premixed charge compression ignition engine

For simplicity in measurement, the smoke level or opacity of the exhaust gas is often measured in diesel engine tests for the purpose of estimating the level of particulate emissions in the belief that smoke level is proportional to the particulate emissions. Existence of the correlation between these two has been well established in conventional diesel engines, but it is not clear yet whether the linear relationship stays in PCCI engines, which are known to emit significantly less NOx but more hydrocarbons than the conventional diesel engines. The objective of this study was to investigate the existence of the correlation between the smoke level and particulate mass in a directly fuel-injected PCCI engine with a DOC in the exhaust system. The smoke and PM are simultaneously measured before and after the DOC, while the single-cylinder diesel engine is operated in either diesel or PCCI combustion mode under various operation conditions. The study reveals that many more hydrocarbons and particulates are emitted in PCCI combustion than in the diesel combustion, and the strong correlation between the engine-out smoke level and particulate emissions in the diesel combustion does not exist in PCCI combustion. The correlation, however, comes back in the post-DOC measurements where most of SOF contained in PM is removed by the DOC.     

柴油发动机模拟排气试验台的研制

设计并建造了一个模拟多种柴油机尾气的试验台.试验台的热源由柴油燃烧提供,烟气的温度和流量由控制系统调节实现.试验台能够模拟出和实际柴油机工作时尾气特性(温度、压力、流量)相似的热烟气.模拟的柴油机尾气的试验台和SCR(选择性催化还原)系统相结合,可以降低试验成本,并使试验的可信度更高,为给定热源条件下SCR系统的设计提...     

回收船舶柴油机余热的有机朗肯循环系统热力学性能比较分析

利用有机朗肯循环(ORC)系统对某型号船舶柴油机(最大持续功率为996 kW)的余热进行回收,以系统净输出功为指标,对比分析5种不同结构形式的ORC系统的热力学性能,结果表明:回收柴油机排烟余热的基础ORC系统最大净输出功达49.83 kW;增设回热器进一步回收膨胀机出口工质废热后,系统最大净输出功达54.84 kW;...     

Diagnosis and condition monitoring of medium-speed marine diesel engines

Diagnosis of diesel engines is not new and various methods have been proposed in the past for fault diagnosis. The problems relating to marine diesel engines, especially medium- and high-speed engines, are due mainly to their large size, which does not allow the use of trial and error methods, and their high operating speed. The most difficult problem occurs when the engine is not able to produce its maximum power, while there is no obvious fault or error. In the present work a method is described which attempts to offer a solution to such problems. The method is a thermodynamic one based on a simulation model and the processing of measured engine data. Presented is an application of the method to a medium-speed marine diesel engine, which suffered from low power output accompanied by high exhaust gas temperatures. The results from application of the method show that the problem is not a direct one, but is caused by many factors that result in improper operation. With this method, the current engine condition can be discovered, and suggestions made for proper tuning or repair. After conducting such an analysis, a vessel was able to achieve its maximum cruising speed, showing that the proposed method is a promising one.     

The experimental investigations of recirculated exhaust gas on exhaust emissions in a diesel engine

The effects of recirculated exhaust gas on the characteristics of NOx and soot emissions under a wide range of engine loads were experimentally investigated by using a four-cycle, four-cylinder, swirl chamber type, water-cooled diesel engine operating at three engine speeds. The purpose of this study was to develop the EGR-control system for reducing NOx and soot emissions simultaneously in diesel engines. The EGR system is used to reduce NOx emissions, and a novel diesel soot removal device with a cylinder-type scrubber for the experiment system was specially designed and manufactured to reduce soot contents in the recirculated exhaust gas to the intake system of the engine. The experiments were performed at the fixed fuel injection timing of 4° ATDC regardless of experimental conditions. It was found that soot emissions in exhaust gases were reduced by 20 to 70% when the scrubber was applied in the range of the experimental conditions, and that NOx emissions decreased markedly, especially at higher loads, while soot emissions increased owing to the decrease in intake and exhaust oxygen concentrations, and the increase in equivalence ratio as the EGR rate is elevated.     

工矿设备驱动柴油机的废气净化装置性能研究

简要介绍矿用柴油机所排废气的主要成分以及净化处理的有效方法,指出废气净化对柴油机性能的影响和改进方向.     

基于 EGR 耦合米勒循环的柴油机排放控制技术

为了提升柴油机应用过程有害废气排放控制的效果,提出基于 EGR 耦合米勒循环的柴油机排放控制技术。以燃油燃烧各阶段为基础,构建柴油机燃烧模型,分别深入分析 EGR 技术与米勒循环技术对废气排放的影响,衡量指标为 EGR 率与米勒度。以废气排放影响分析结果为依据,以排放控制效果最佳为目标,确定 EGR 技术与米勒循环技术的最佳耦合方案,实现柴油机废气排放的最佳控制。实验数据表明,应用 EGR 耦合米勒循环技术后,废气排放量低于实际废气排放量,并低于 EGR 技术与米勒循环技术对应排放量,充分证实了该技术具备较好的排放控制效果,为大气环境保护提供帮助。     

SCR技术在国内车用柴油机上的应用

选择催化还原技术（SCR）是降低车用柴油机NOx排放的机外措施之一。阐述了SCR技术的机理、系统组成及工作原理,介绍了国内车用柴油机SCR技术的研究情况及还需解决的问题。