过渡金属氧化物催化臭氧化在水处理中的应用

介绍了近年来均相和异相催化臭氧化去除水中有机物的研究.过渡金属离子能提高有机物的去除效率,但是均相催化臭氧化带来了后续金属离子的去除问题,因此金属氧化物作为催化剂的异相催化臭氧化具有更好的应用前景,重点介绍了锰氧化物、钛氧化物催化臭氧化降解水中有机物的研究现状.     

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《化工学报》赞助单位四川大学化工学院浙江大学化学工程与生物工程学系大连理工大学化工学院北京化工大学浙江工业大学化工学院湘潭大学化工学院上海化工研究院上海交通大学化学化工学院华南理工大学化工学院武汉化工学院中国石油大学(北京)《化工进展》2005年第11期目次进展与述评烯烃配位聚合非茂前过渡金属催化剂研究进展…………………………………………………………………张晓帆胡友良金属及其氧化物催化臭氧化反应的研究进展………………………………………………曲险峰郑经堂于维钊赵玉翠SAPO分子筛在烃类异构化反应中的应用………     

均相催化臭氧化反应的研究进展

综述了近年来水溶液和有机溶剂中均相催化臭氧化降解水中有机物的研究进展。介绍了水溶液中不同的有机污染物均相催化臭氧化过程中，各种催化剂的应用，它们的活性和影响催化体系效率的参数，及其催化氧化反应的机理。有机溶剂中的催化臭氧化具有更高的氧化效率和臭氧利用率，是一种可能的水处理的新方法。     

非均相催化臭氧氧化处理工业废水的研究进展

介绍了金属氧化物类负载型催化剂在非均相催化臭氧氧化技术降解废水有机污染物的反应机理和研究现状,并对反应过程中的参数和影响因素进行归纳总结,得出金属氧化物类催化剂往往通过添加其他金属或氧化物协同处理有机废水。Fe及其氧化物有利于催化剂的回收和循环利用,Ce及其氧化物可提供丰富的酸碱点位,Mn及其氧化物可提供多变的晶体结构,Cu及其氧化物可提供活性反应中心。针对现有催化剂使用寿命不佳、活性组分易溶出、环境经济性不理想等问题,指出未来应加快、加深催化臭氧氧化反应机理的研究,同时在优化反应参数的基础上,针对部分重点行业,建立可复制、易于操作的处理模型并推广应用。     

氧化物负载型亚纳米金属催化剂的制备及其在有机催化中的应用

近几年来，亚纳米金属催化剂(单原子催化剂和团簇催化剂)由于具有高的催化活性和金属原子利用率，在各个领域里具有重要研究意义，尤其是在有机催化反应中表现出优异的催化性能。氧化物因其具有丰富的缺陷位点、表面酸碱位点和高温稳定性等多种优势，作为负载型亚纳米金属催化剂的载体材料。主要综述了氧化物载体负载型亚纳米金属催化剂的几种合成方法及其在氧化反应、加氢反应及偶联反应等有机催化中的应用。     

金属催化臭氧化应用在水处理中的机理研究进展

概述了金属催化臭氧化应用在水处理中的机理研究,详细介绍了臭氧应用于水处理的历程和臭氧与水中污染物的作用机理,综述了金属催化臭氧化技术,包括以金属离子为催化剂的均相催化臭氧化以及使用固态金属、金属氧化物或负载在载体上的金属或金属氧化物作为催化剂的非均相催化臭氧化技术在水处理中的机理研究进展,指出了金属催化臭氧化的应用前景.     

低温CO催化氧化复合型非贵金属催化剂的研究进展

综述了复合型非贵金属催化剂在低温CO催化氧化反应中的研究进展,着重介绍了ABO3钙钛矿型负载氧化物、非钙钛矿型负载氧化物和尖晶石型氧化物这两类复合型非贵金属催化剂的制备方法及其催化性能,并对今后低温CO催化氧化非贵金属催化剂的研究方向作了展望。     

环己烷分子氧选择性氧化固体催化剂研究进展

对环己烷分子氧催化氧化制环己酮固体催化剂的最新进展进行了综述,重点介绍了贵金属催化剂、过渡金属及其氧化物催化剂和分子筛催化剂。指出锆基复合氧化物催化剂和负载在分子筛上的金催化剂具有较高的催化活性和选择性及好的稳定性,具有一定的应用及工业化前景。     

臭氧化反应的研究与应用

综述了烯烃臭氧化反应的理论和应用研究进展。从臭氧化反应Criegee机理出发，介绍了初级臭氧化物和臭氧化物的结构和化学性质以及近年来研究者对其研究的拓展，同时介绍了臭氧化物不同的裂解方式。臭氧化物不同的裂解方式可以得到不同的产物。加上臭氧化反应本身的优点，为臭氧化反应在合成上的应用打下了基础。结合实例，介绍了臭氧化反应在二元酸及其它重要中间体的合成上的应用。     

2005106 空间应用的铝阳极氧化膜的制备

一种制备供空间应用的铝阳极氧化膜的方法为：1)将铝合金基体进行阳极氧化，以在其表面形成多孔的阳极氧化膜；2)在所得多孔氧化膜表面的微孔中电沉积一种金属；3)在已经沉积了金属的微孔中阳极电解沉积一种导电的氧化物，该导电氧化物为二氧化锰或锰的各种氧化物的混合物，     

The Function of Surface Hydroxyl Groups of Incorporated Alumina on Catalytic Ozonation of Heavy Oil Produced Water

ABSTRACT

γ-Al₂O₃ was incorporated with SiO₂ and used as carrier to support Ni and Cu oxides for catalytic ozonation of heavy oil produced water. The change of catalytic activity was in accordance with that of surface hydroxyl density after incorporation or reuse of catalysts. Nitrogen adsorption and X-ray power diffraction analysis indicated that the specific surface area decreased and the mineral phase and crystal structure of metal oxides unchanged after incorporation. The results confirmed that the neutral surface hydroxyl groups of the carrier were the active sites during catalytic ozonation. Increasing of surface hydroxyl could be another way of improving the catalytic efficiency of catalytic ozonation.     

Room temperature oxidation of acetone by ozone over alumina-supported manganese and cobalt mixed oxides

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are among the major sources of air pollution. Catalytic ozonation is an efficient process for removing VOCs at lower reaction temperature compared to catalytic oxidation. In this study, a series of alumina supported single and mixed manganese and cobalt oxides catalysts were used for ozonation of acetone at room temperature. The influence of augmenting the single Mn and Co catalysts were investigated on the performance and structure of the catalyst. The manganese and cobalt single and mixed oxides catalysts of the formula Mn10%-CoX and Co10%-MnX (where X= 0, 2.5%, 5%, or 10%) were prepared. It was found that addition of Mn and Co at lower loading levels (2.5% or 5%) to single metal oxide catalysts enhanced the catalytic activity. The mixed oxides catalysts of (Mn10%-Co2.5%) and (Mn10%-Co5%) led to acetone conversion of about 84%. It is concluded that lower oxidation state of the secondary metal improves ozone decomposition and oxidation of acetone.     

Catalytic Ozonation by Manganese,Iron and Cerium Oxides on γ-Al2O3 Pellets for the Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Continuous Fixed-Bed Reactor

ABSTRACT

Heterogeneous catalytic ozonation is an efficient technology for degrading refractory organic pollutants in water. However, most studied heterogeneous catalysts for catalytic ozonation were powders, which were not practically available for continuous fixed-bed reactor in water treatment. In this work, manganese, iron and cerium oxides on γ-Al₂O₃ pellets were synthesized and used as heterogeneous catalysts for catalytic ozonation in a continuous fixed-bed reactor. Results showed that all the prepared metal oxides on γ-Al₂O₃ pellets exhibited facilitated catalytic ozonation for degrading refractory contaminates compared with ozonation alone and catalytic ozonation on pure γ-Al₂O₃ pellets. The cerium oxides supported on γ-Al₂O₃ pellets (CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃) performed best catalytic performance with the COD removal efficiency of 64.3% and TOC removal efficiency of 41.7%. Moreover, the catalytic activity was further enhanced by the synergistic effect of the bimetallic oxides on γ-Al₂O₃ pellets (CeO₂-Fe₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃). This study is expected to help to encourage further research and applications in AOPs based on the success of this work in designing heterogeneous catalysts available for continuous fixed-bed reactor.     

臭氧化法有机废水处理中金属氧化物纳米催化剂的研究进展

含有机污染物废水的处理是环境科学的重要课题,纳米材料及其特殊性质的存在,为新型、高效臭氧化催化剂的研究带来了新的机遇。主要介绍金属氧化物纳米材料在臭氧化水处理中的应用的研究状况,并对其发展前景做了展望。     

The Impact of Electronic Charge on Catalytic Reactivity and Selectivity of Metal-Oxide Supported Metallic Nanoparticles

The catalytic reactivity and selectivity of metallic nanoclusters supported on a metal-oxide can be tuned by electronic charge. In this review, different approaches for controlling the electronic properties of metallic nanoclusters and its impact on catalytic reactions are discussed. Electronic charge can transfer from the metal-oxide support to the metallic catalyst and change the metal–reactants interaction and as a consequence modify as-well the catalytic reactivity and selectivity. In other cases, the electronic properties of the metal-oxide have an active role in the catalytic process and the metal oxide can be used as a co-catalyst. Another approach is to directly change the electronic properties of the metallic catalyst. It is demonstrated that dendrimer-encapsulated metallic nanoparticles can be directly oxidized by the addition of an inorganic oxidizer to the solution phase. In this case, even while supported on inert oxides, novel catalytic reactivity and selectivity can be gained by the formation of highly oxidized metal ions.     

非均相催化臭氧化污水处理技术研究进展

非均相催化臭氧化技术因具有反应快、无二次污染、处理效率高等优点而得到快速发展。通过介绍金属氧化物催化剂、金属羟基氧化物催化剂以及负载型催化剂,总结了近几年国内外非均相催化臭氧化催化剂的处理效果、催化机理等,分析了该技术的优势、存在的问题,指出了未来的发展方向。     

Steam reforming of naphthalene as model biomass tar over iron-aluminum and iron-zirconium oxide catalyst catalysts

In this study the catalytic properties of iron-based mixed metal oxides such as iron-alumina (Fe-Al) and iron-zirconia (Fe-Zr) were investigated at 850 °C in a fixed bed reactor for the steam reforming of naphthalene as a model biomass tar compound. The effects of addition of copper species (CuO) to the iron-based mixed metal oxide catalysts were also examined. For Fe-Al catalysts, the catalytic activities for naphthalene conversion increased with increasing Fe content except for 100Fe-0Al. The catalytic activities of Fe-Al and Fe-Zr were comparable at steady state conditions. Compound oxides were formed in the cases of Fe-Al, but not in Fe-Zr. A strong peak in the vicinity of 2θ = 45° for metallic iron was observed after catalytic experiments in the XRD patterns of all catalysts, which could be related to the active sites of the catalysts. The addition of CuO increased the activities and stability of the Fe-Al catalysts. The reasons for catalytic activity enhancement due to CuO addition can be explained as follows: copper dispersed evenly in the compound oxides facilitate the reduction of iron oxides to metallic iron and prevent the catalytic deactivation due to decrease in surface area of the catalysts during the reaction.     

Synergistic Role of Pumice Surface Composition in Hydroxyl Radical Initiation in the Catalytic Ozonation Process

This study investigated the catalytic ozonation of p-chloronitrobenzene (p-CNB) in aqueous solution by using different pumice surface compositions as catalysts. The results indicate that the surface hydroxyl groups of metal oxides on pumice play an important role in ozone decomposition to generate the hydroxyl radical (?OH). An increase in the mass ratio of SiO₂/metal oxides results in the acceleration of ozone adsorption on the catalyst surface. The synergistic mechanism confirms that SiO₂ induced ozone enrichment on the pumice surface and increased the probability of reaction between surface hydroxyl groups on metal oxides and ozone molecules to initiate ?OH from ozone decomposition and to stimulate p-CNB degradation.     

Über die Reduktion ungesättigter Fettsäuren und deren Ester zu ungesättigten Fettalkoholen durch selektive katalytische Hochdruckhydrierung V: Die katalytische Wirkung von Mischoxiden und reinen Oxiden

Reduction of Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Esters to Fatty Alcohols by Selective High-Pressure Catalytic Hydrogenation V: Catalytic Action of Mixed and Pure Oxides The catalytic action of mixed oxides and pure metal oxides such as zinc-chromium oxide, zinc-iron oxide, magnesium-iron oxide and zinc oxide, chromium oxide, titanium dioxide and zirconium dioxide in the high-pressure hydrogenation is described. Substances taken for testing were methyl oleate, butyl oleate, oleic acid, methyl undecenoate and methyl linolate. Optimum combinations of catalysts and the corresponding reaction conditions are reported for oxidic catalysts. The previously postulated hypothesis on the catalytic action in the selective hydrogenation is supported by considering the semiconductor properties of the metallic oxides.     

催化臭氧化处理酚类化合物的研究进展与机理解析

催化臭氧化技术具有操作简单、氧化效率高、二次污染小等特点,在水中酚类化合物的去除方面具有较大的技术优势。本文以酚类化合物的催化臭氧化处理为切入点,介绍了均相催化臭氧化（二价铁离子）和非均相催化臭氧化（金属型、硅基负载型、碳基负载型、铝基负载型）处理不同浓度梯度酚类化合物的研究进展。然后,基于上述研究进展,根据污染物氧化过程的探针实验结果、催化剂表征特性和有机物转化规律,阐述了苯酚等酚类化合物的催化臭氧化机理。最后,从新型催化剂的再开发、酚类化合物的广谱催化和催化氧化机理的进一步探讨方面对催化臭氧化处理酚类化合物进行了展望。