煤矿区场地地下水污染防控技术研究进展及发展方向

目前，我国煤矿区场地地下水污染防控还处于初级阶段，缺乏矿井全生命周期地下水污染防控体系，造成了地下水污染防控不当、污染加剧等问题，在科学界定煤矿区污染场地和地下水污染流场单元的基础上，阐述了目前煤矿区场地地下水污染监测预警与防控技术的研究进展及发展方向。基于污染场地的定义，对煤矿区地下水污染场地和地下水污染流场单元进行了科学界定，明确了煤矿区地下水污染场地范围和地下水流场评估范围；分析了煤矿区场地矿井水污染类型和污染模式，阐明了煤矿开采和闭坑阶段地下水污染的主要特征因子；基于地下水污染风险理论，剖析了煤矿区场地地下水污染监测现状及预警技术思路；从矿井生产和闭坑角度出发，阐述了基于岩层控制、阻断材料以及地下储水等现有的保水开采技术途径，概述了矿井闭坑过程和闭坑后地下水污染防控的主动、被动技术手段。在上述分析的基础上，立足于矿井全生命周期不同阶段的特征，提出了煤矿区场地地下水污染防控技术的发展方向，主要包括：地下水污染精准探测技术，地下水特征污染物智能识别、监测预警技术与装备的研发，煤矿区地下水污染源头控制、过程阻断、末端修复等关键技术与工艺，力促形成煤矿区全生命周期地下水污染防控技术体系与规范，研究结果对于矿区地下水污染防控有一定的参考价值。     

淄博煤矿闭坑对地下水的污染及控制

对山东淄博煤田由矿山闭坑引起的地下水系统演化、地下水污染机理等进行了探讨，提出了污染控制及矿坑水利用的措施与建议。     

夏、韩两井闭坑诱发的水文地质效应及对策

夏、韩两井闭坑诱发的水文地质效应,是指矿井正常开采过程中的地下水系统在闭坑停止排水后,其输入、输出、系统结构、内部作用过程和功能,以及环境等要素的变化.水文地质效应导致新的地下水系统的形成,而新的地下水系统形成过程中又可以进一步诱发新的水文地质效应;为预防夏、韩两井闭坑后贾汪矿区内的老空水进入潘家庵矿区,提出了超前防治水建议,即老空区构筑止水帷幕墙,报废巷构筑水闸墙.     

浅谈山阳井田水环境污染及防治

从废气、废水、固体颗粒、垃圾及固体废弃物及地下水的超量开采等因素对澄合矿区山阳井田进行了分析,提出了山阳矿井建成生产后,对地下水造成污染的防治措施和建议。     

闭矿后矿井的资源化利用

未来 1 0年将是我国大中型矿井闭坑的集中期。提出闭坑后的矿井可以用作地面生活垃圾和建筑垃圾的排放场、工业废弃物的填埋场、食用菌加工场和科普教育活动场。认为闭坑后的矿井资源化问题是一项庞大的系统工程 ,涉及多个学科 ,应当加强对这一问题的研究。     

闭坑矿山的正负生态环境效应与对策

为了科学应对大量矿山闭坑后出现的环境问题,有效开发利用其采掘空间和地面设施及伴生资源等,做到趋利避害、化害为利,应用水文地质学、工程地质学、环境学和采矿学等理论,全面研究了闭坑矿山的正负生态环境效应,提出了有针对性的开发挖掘和预控治理对策。研究指出:闭坑矿山存在着形成劣质矿井(坑)水、污染地下水与地表水、危害城乡供水、造成地表二次塌陷与山体滑坡、影响高层建筑地基稳定或致建筑物破裂等负效应;同时也存在着采掘空间可供农作物、石油、城市垃圾、工业“三废”储藏(存)与种养殖、汛期拦洪,也可开发为地下科技原位试验场、军事防御工程、疗养院、地下城市以及旅游、科教、休闲场所、光伏发电站等,还可以利用势能差与电价差发电以及开采地热、煤层气、水等伴生资源与开发利用所属土地、地面建筑等正效应。提出了诸如做好收尾地测工作、采掘资料归档、开展专题研究与生态环境监测、防治地质灾害与环境污染、加强相邻生产矿井防治水工作、制定规范闭坑矿山开发利用的相关法规和技术标准、结合当地经济发展、多渠道融资以及在开发挖掘闭坑矿山生态环境正效应时应采取合理措施避免出现新的负生态环境效应等主要对策与建议。     

刘家沟煤矿闭坑后对邻近井巷工程安全的影响分析

为了解煤矿闭坑后对邻近生产矿井的安全影响,以重庆市刘家沟煤矿为例,从矿井涌水量变化、地质条件变化等方面进行了分析。结果表明,研究区煤矿停止抽排矿井水后,诱发的水文地质效应将对邻近矿井隔水煤柱的稳定性造成影响。结合《煤矿防治水规定》,针对研究区地质条件的复杂性,讨论了在邻近矿井闭坑后,适合重庆地区急倾斜多煤层开采的煤矿井巷工程安全技术评估依据,对闭坑煤矿周边矿井防治水工作起到了积极作用。     

赵各庄矿闭坑地下水安全警戒水位控制研究

针对闭坑矿井对相邻生产矿井带来的水害隐患问题，为保障赵各庄矿闭坑后邻矿生产安全的需要，提出安全水位和警戒水位的概念，并利用数值模拟方法对闭坑矿井区域地下水流场演变过程进行研究。结果表明：矿井关闭后，地下水位上升，含煤岩系含水层内水位降落漏斗逐渐减小，水位回升速度随矿井关闭时间的增加而减慢，经过三年时间两矿边界处水位达到安全水位-570m|为保证林西矿的安全生产，根据矿井水位回升情况及矿井边界煤柱破坏情况，确定了-575m为警戒水位，当考虑利用邻矿林西矿排水控制赵各庄矿井内水位始终低于警戒水位时，此时林西矿需要增加的排水量约为12.5m/min。研究结果为邻矿防治老空水提供了依据和参考。     

闭坑矿井老空水位回升规律研究

近年来,随着我国浅部煤炭资源枯竭及国家能源结构调整,闭坑矿井数量逐年增加,随着闭坑矿井老空水位回升,对相邻生产矿井可能造成安全影响。为了研究矿井闭坑后水位回升规律及其对邻近生产矿井的影响,以淮北煤田闸河矿区石台煤矿为研究对象,采用理论分析法对石台煤矿闭坑后水位回升趋势进行预测。研究结果表明：石台煤矿闭坑后采空区积水体积约为5 001 003.42 m³,随着闭坑时间延长,老空水位不断回升,回升规律表现为,初期回升快,后期回升速度减缓,基于矿井闭坑涌水量,预计需1 302 d可完成老空区回灌,采用理论分析法对石台煤矿闭坑后水位回升趋势进行预测,得到了水位回升与充水时间的函数关系式。研究结果对闭坑矿井水害评价及防治具有一定的借鉴意义。     

矿井主要含水层抽水试验效果分析

鹤煤公司双祥分公司二1煤资源已枯竭,面临矿井闭坑的局面,延深开采一煤组资源面临水文地质条件复杂、采掘工程受水害严重威胁、防治水难度大等问题,查清水文地质条件、正确评价地下水资源是解决问题的关键。通过对主要含水层成功进行抽水试验,对有针对性采取综合防治技术、安全合理、最大效益开采煤炭资源将起到积极作用。     

金属矿山地下水零排放技术方法研究

在地下水超采区域内疏干排水采矿将会加剧地下水降落漏斗的扩展、严重破坏区域内地下水生态环境。金属矿山地下水零排放关键技术体系,针对矿山防治水与矿区地下水生态环境综合治理领域所面临的技术难题进行系统性研究,提出了包括采用帷幕注浆、井巷地表预注浆和矿坑水回灌等技术措施的系统方案,并针对其中重要技术参数进行了系统地研究。依托位于邯邢百泉泉域的典型大水矿山中关铁矿进行了实践,取得矿坑水零排放的理想效果,其技术体系原理、技术方法等对于解决国内外大水型矿山面临的紧迫难题提供借鉴。     

Hydrogeologic impacts in the Estonian oil shale deposit

The article describes the hydrogeological problems related to water influx to the mine and water sulphate content association with underground oil shale mining in an environmentally sensitive area of Estonia. The water balance method was used to calculate the ratio of mine water outflow/inflow. Water balance calculations are needed for estimating the groundwater transversal flow into closed mines. Before oil shale mining groundwater geochemical processes are characterised by low sulphate content. Dewatering of oil shale mines lowered groundwater level in the Keila–Kukruse aquifer, and caused an about 50-fold increase in sulphate by intensive oxidation of pyrite of natural origin. The mobile sulphate ion may serve as an indicator of changes occurring in the sulphate content of groundwater stored in the Keila–Kukruse and Lasnamäe–Kunda aquifers of the Ordovician system in the area of closed and working mines. Using the method of inverse mixing, sulphate ion distribution is a possibility to study the movement of groundwater in lateral and transversal directions.     

Evaluating the Impact of Mine Groundwater on the Environment

Efficient monitoring of mine groundwater conducted with a standard methodology makes the evaluation of the influence of mine water on the environment easier. The paper examines problems of monitoring and proposes a groundwater monitoring system for existing and flooded abandoned mines. The final effect of mine waters monitoring enables ecochemical and economical evaluation. It also makes it possible to select and use the appropriate proecological technologies for mine waters.     

个旧锡矿高松矿田水文地质调查

个旧锡矿高松矿田区是我国主要锡产区之一,随着开采标高下降,矿区地下水越来越复杂。本次调查通过剖面调查、岩石样品和钻孔岩芯分析、地下水环境调查等研究,从岩溶发育规律、天然水文地质、开采水文地质等方面进行了分析,结果表明：1)高松矿田地下水可划分为两个边界条件清晰的独立水文地质单元,以大气降雨补给为主,集中以暗河或直接向溪沟泄流。2)矿坑潜在充水水源主要有大气降水及个旧组含水层,其中矿坑与顶部岩溶洼地有直接水力联系,遇强降雨易发生透水危害。3)个旧组含水层在未来开采水平依然发育有溶洞,矿坑开采很容易直接揭露岩溶水,引发突水危害。     

某金矿采矿活动对地下水的影响分析

采矿对地下水造成的影响主要是水位下降,以北方某金矿为例,探讨在《环境影响评价技术导则—地下水环境》指导下如何进行采矿区地下水环境影响评价工作。根据导则确定本次评价的等级为二级。通过水文地质条件合理概化,选用合理的公式,用解析法辅以数值法预测倾斜承压含水层中采矿对地下水的影响。结果表明,本区采矿活动对浅层地下水造成的影响不大,结果合理,可以为类似矿山的地下水环境影响评价提供参考。     

Technology of mine water control in China

The mines of the Permo-Carboniferous coalfield in North China and the Late Permian coalfield in the South are seriously threatened with Karst Water from limestone, which results in frequent water inrush and mine inundation. The mines in the areas of the Yellow Huai and Shongliao plains are generally endangered by the water from Quarternary alluvium. Therefore, groundwater disaster is one of the main problems of coal mine safety in China. After liberation, a great deal of research work on protecting against mine water has been done under the direction of the Ministry of Coal Industry. Successful results have been obtained in respects of studies of mine water inrush mechanisms, dewatering and depression of aquifer, sealing water inrush spots by grouting and cutting-off water flow by cement grout curtains, protecting against water at ground and underground as well as investigating the hydrogeological conditions in a mine area and calculating the mine inflow. Many practical problems in coal production have been solved, and the theory and technology of mine water control with China's typical features, have gradually been formed. However, further study and solution of some problems will be required because the hydrogeological conditions of the coalfields in China are extremely complicated.     

Research on mechanism of groundwater pollution from mine water in abandoned mines

In order to understand the mechanism and regularity of the groundwater contamination from mine water of abandoned mines, experiments were conducted on an abandoned coal mine in Fuxin, a representative city with lots of mine water in northeast China. The groundwater pollution from different contaminants of coal-mining voids (total hardness, SO₄²⁻, Cl⁻ and total Fe) and pollution factors transportation situation in the coal rock were simulated by soil column experiment under the conditions of mine water leaching and main water leaching (similar to rainwater leaching), and the water-rock interaction mechanism was discussed during mine water infiltration through saturated coal rock by application of principle of mass conservation, based on physical properties of coal rock, as well as monitored chemical composition. The results show that, compared with the clear water leaching process, trends of change in pollutant concentrations presented different characteristics in the mine water leaching process. Groundwater is contaminated by the water rock interactions such as migration & accumulation, adsorption & transformation, dissolution & desorption and ion exchange during the mine water permeation. The experiments also suggest that at first dissolution rate of some kinds of dissoluble salts is high, but it decreases with leaching time, even to zero during both the mine water leaching and main water leaching. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(50434020, 50374042), Science & Technology Found of Liaoning Province (20022155); Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (20040147003)     

基于BIM技术的数字化矿山建模研究

在煤矿开采过程中,大部分矿山企业存在管理水平差、资源浪费严重、工作效率低等问题,BIM技术是近些年出现在工程领域的一种三维可视化建模技术,将BIM技术应用于煤矿工程中,创建高维度、高精度、高联动的信息模型,发展数字化矿山的研究理念,对解决这一问题具有重要作用.本文以贵州省某煤矿为研究对象,创建该矿山地质模型,井田开拓定...