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如今世界经济迅猛发展,金属镍的需求量也在加速增长。人们主要从硫化镍矿和红土镍矿中提炼金属镍。然而硫化镍矿资源因大规模开发而不断减少,红土镍矿未来将成为镍的主要来源。因此研究红土镍矿的高效开发利用,是当今围绕镍资源研究的热点,对实际生产具有重要的现实意义。本文简要介绍了镍的应用、开发红土镍矿的意义、红土镍矿的矿物学特性、红土镍矿世界范围内的储量和分布,并且列举并分析了红土镍矿的各种冶炼工艺及其优点与不足,同时综述了有关红土镍矿研究的新方法,为红土镍矿高附加值综合利用研究提出思路。 相似文献
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红土镍矿的加压酸浸、常压酸浸、堆浸工艺分别适用于褐铁矿型红土镍矿、过渡层和硅镁镍矿型红土镍矿,两种或两种以上的湿法联合处理工艺对矿石适用范围更广。在红土镍矿酸浸过程中,Mg和Ni、Co等同时被不同程度的浸出进入溶液,浸出液沉淀富集Ni、Co后产生大量的含镁废水。若不对其进行有价回收,不仅造成了资源的浪费,还会污染环境。本文综述了红土镍矿酸浸沉镍后液中Mg资源化工艺的研究进展及工业化情况,其中包括沉镍后液中Mn(II)的净化,并对今后的研究发展方向进行了展望,以期为红土镍矿中Mg的综合回收提供技术参考。 相似文献
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针对云南省元江红土镍矿的矿物组成特点,在比较国内外红土镍矿处理工艺的基础上,提出了还原—磨矿—选别—氧化浸出工艺处理该矿,并进行了全流程试验。首先进行了还原—磨矿—选别试验研究,主要考察了还原温度、还原时间、添加剂配比和还原剂配比对指标的影响;其次进行了综合试验。试验结果表明,还原—磨矿—选别可以抛弃红土镍矿中80%以上的脉石,同时实现镍钴铁富集,氧压浸出工艺可实现镍钴与铁的分离,并获得铁红产品。通过试验,获得的技术指标为:从原矿至氢氧化镍(钴)段,镍直收率大于75%、钴直收率大于70%和铁直收率大于80%;氢氧化镍产品镍的品位大于31%,氢氧化钴产品钴的品位大于0.70%,铁红产品铁含量大于62%,铁红达到铁精矿要求,可以作为铁精矿出售。该工艺实现了镍钴铁综合回收,资源利用率高,环境友好,为综合回收红土镍矿中镍钴铁提供一条新的工艺技术路线。 相似文献
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The reduction of nickel from low-grade nickel laterite ore using a solid-state deoxidisation method 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The reduction of nickel from low-grade nickel laterite ore using a solid-state deoxidisation method was studied. The effects of temperature, time, reductant type and CaO content on the conversion percentage of the total nickel to metallic nickel (αNi) in the nickel laterite ore reduction process were investigated. The results showed that αNi was strongly influenced by the reaction temperature in both gas–solid and solid–solid reduction processes, and a higher temperature was more favourable for nickel reduction. Because the reduction mechanism of nickel laterite ore (NiO + CO → CO2 + Ni) is indirect, a higher αNi (>80%) can be obtained by increasing the CO and anthracite content. In the gas–solid reduction process, a longer reaction time favoured nickel reduction, and the conversion percentage decreased when a gaseous reductant was used at 850 °C because of phase transformation. In the solid–solid reduction process, the conversion percentage of the total nickel to metallic nickel first increased and then decreased with increasing reduction time and CaO content. In both reduction processes, taenite was found by XRD in the reduced ore because of iron oxide reduction and metallic nickel formation. SEM revealed that the nickel laterite ore was transformed from large granular and sandwich structures to small granular and flocculent structures during the reduction process. 相似文献
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回转窑直接还原红土镍矿存在所需温度高、对耐火材料要求苛刻、还原指标差等问题。为开发一种高效低成本的红土镍矿球团还原工艺,考察了以CaO为熔剂改变红土镍矿碱度对红土镍矿球团还原焙烧-弱磁选效果的影响。结果表明:自然碱度下,在还原温度为1 400 ℃、还原时间为60 min时,所得还原产品经磨矿-弱磁选,获得的磁性产品镍、铁品位分别仅3.8%和72.9%,回收率分别为17.8%和39.8%,磁性产品中含有较多的镁橄榄石和顽火辉石;随着红土镍矿碱度的增加,红土镍矿的软熔温度先降低后提高,碱度为1.0时,红土镍矿的软熔温度最低,比自然碱度时降低了100 ℃;碱度为1.0的红土镍矿球团在1 300 ℃下还原焙烧60 min后,经磨矿-弱磁选,获得的磁性产品镍、铁品位分别为8.7%和83.8%,回收率分别为85.6%和62.8%。XRD和扫描电镜分析结果表明:自然碱度的红土镍矿还原焙烧生成的Fe-Ni合金晶粒多在5 μm以下,并且分布比较分散,还原产品中夹杂有较多的杂质;添加CaO至碱度为1.0时,Fe-Ni合金晶粒可以长大到10~50 μm,还原产品中杂质较少,镍和铁得到了明显的富集。试验结果可以为红土镍矿球团还原焙烧-磁选制取镍铁新工艺提供理论基础。 相似文献
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印度尼西亚某低品位红土镍矿含镍1.57%、含铁21.67%,其中镍主要以硅酸镍形式存在。为将该矿石的镍含量提高到6%以上以符合印度尼西亚政府对出口红土镍矿的规定,以硫酸钠和碳酸钠为助熔剂,进行了还原焙烧-弱磁选试验。试验结果表明,当煤用量为25%、硫酸钠+碳酸钠的配比和总用量分别为3∶1和20%、焙烧温度为1 200 ℃、焙烧时间为60 min、磨矿细度为-0.074 mm占85%、磁场强度为96 kA/m时,可获得产率为22.06%、镍品位为6.05%、镍回收率为85.03%、铁品位为65.74%、铁回收率为66.92%的镍铁精矿,其镍品位超过印度尼西亚出口红土镍矿的品位下限。 相似文献
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Use of limonitic laterite as an iron source in conventional ironmaking is restricted due to its gangue composition and small particle size. Even direct reduction cannot effectively produce direct reduced iron (DRI) because NiO would be reduced together with iron oxide to form Fe–Ni. A small amount of Ni (about 2 wt.%) in DRI degrades the physical properties of final steel products. The current study investigated how oxidation roasting of limonitic laterite ores affected NiO reduction, with the goal of producing Ni-free DRI and Ni-bearing slag. Ni-bearing slag can be a good secondary Ni resource. Oxidation roasting made NiO inert under H2 reduction at 900 °C by forming Ni-olivine. Optimum roasting temperature was proposed by examining phase transformation of limonitic laterite ores during heating and by FactSage calculation of the equilibrium Ni fraction in Ni-bearing phases. Furthermore, the effect of Mg–silicate forming additives on the control of NiO reducibility was clarified to maximize the suppression of NiO reduction. Among various additives such as MgSiO3, Mg2SiO4 and Fe–Ni smelting slag, Ni-free olivine-typed flux was found to be the most effective form of Ni-olivine because Ni–Mg ion exchange between Ni-bearing phase and Ni-free olivine occurs more readily than other Ni-olivine formation schemes. Finally, the mechanism of Ni-olivine formation during roasting was studied using a diffusion couple test. Calculated diffusivity values of Ni in Mg2SiO4 indicated that the two major routes of Ni-olivine formation while roasting limonitic laterite ore are (1) Ni partitioning within Mg–Ni silicate before crystallization and (2) Ni diffusion from spinel to Ni free olivine after crystallization. 相似文献
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红土矿含碳球团还原富集镍铁的工艺研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
为了解决低品位红土镍矿的合理利用问题, 以活性炭粉为还原剂, 采用直接还原富集-磁选分离技术, 将矿石中的镍和铁直接还原制成金属镍和铁, 并通过磁选分离使其得到富集。研究确定了最佳工艺条件为: 配炭量4%、还原温度1 350 ℃、焙烧时间120 min。此条件下, 镍和铁的回收率分别为87.6%和95.3%。 相似文献
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以含Ni 1.49%, Fe 34.69%的红土镍矿为研究对象, 采用煤基直接还原法选择性还原镍铁矿物, 研究并分析了焙烧过程中还原剂和添加剂种类及用量、焙烧温度以及焙烧时间对镍铁选择性还原的影响规律。结果表明: 以宁夏烟煤为还原剂, NCS为添加剂, 1 200 ℃焙烧50 min, 磁选得到镍铁产品中含镍9.51%, 镍的回收率为84.04%, 镍铁回收率差为54.49%。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及X射线能谱分析(EDS)等测试手段分析了磁选镍铁产品中镍铁的存在形式, 结果表明: 红土镍矿直接还原过程中铁矿物大部分被还原成浮士体, 仅有少部分铁矿物被还原成金属铁, 并与镍矿物还原金属镍形成铁纹石和镍纹石, 实现了红土镍矿中镍铁的选择性还原。 相似文献