玲珑金矿高水固结尾砂充填材料合理配比的研究

根据玲珑金矿具体条件，分析研究了充填体强度和稳定性要求，测定了高水团结尾砂充填体的强度和变形特征，分析了影响充填体强度的主要因素及高水充填工艺的特殊要求，确定了满足支护强度、工艺及经济要求的充填材料最佳合理配比范围。     

玲珑金矿高水固结尾砂充填材料合理配比的研究

根据玲珑金矿具体分析，分析研究了充填体强度和稳定性要求，测定了高水固结尾砂充填体的强度和变形特征，分析了影响充填体强度的主要因素及高水充填工艺的特殊要求，确定了满足支护强度、工艺及经济要求的充填材料最佳合理配比范围。     

综采放顶煤工作面高冒空巷充填技术

基于对综采放顶煤工作面高冒空巷围岩活动规律的分析，采用高水速凝材料充填高冒空巷。通过理论分析和数值模拟计算，确定了高水速凝材料充填体的力学参数。研究表明，充填体具有较大的支护阻力和良好的逆性变形特点，可有效支护高冒空巷顶板和两帮，同时适当变形而降低载荷，保持充填体完整，该技术成功应用于工程实践，取得了较好的技术，经济效果。     

窄煤柱工作面沿空留巷围岩大变形控制技术及应用

针对窄煤柱工作面沿空留巷巷旁支护体参数不合理和围岩严重变形等问题,研究了不同巷旁支护体宽度、强度和充填率对窄煤柱工作面沿空留巷围岩变形破坏的影响。研究结果表明:充填体宽度、强度和充填率不同,对窄煤柱工作面沿空留巷围岩应力分布及变形有很大影响;充填体宽度、强度和充填率过低时充填体承载能力较小,沿空留巷围岩变形量较大;过高时顶板下沉量减小不明显,使成本增加;充填体宽度2 m,强度为30 MPa,充填率95%以上,可保证沿空留巷围岩稳定;提出的"巷内锚网索+巷旁充填柔模混凝土墙+单体柱+基本底注浆"联合支护技术,控制了沿空留巷围岩的大变形。工业性试验结果表明:沿空留巷顶底板移近量最大值600 mm,两帮移近量最大值为435 mm,分别是原方案变形量的55. 5%和51. 6%,沿空留巷围岩变形得到有效控制,能满足通风和安全生产的要求。     

胶结充填体早期损伤对后期力学性能的影响

目的 为了探明胶结充填体早期损伤对后期承载性能的影响,方法 通过开展早期受损充填体经养护一定龄期后的单轴压缩试验,以损伤龄期和压损程度为变量,以受损充填体的后期变形特性、抗压强度、弹性模量为后期力学性能评价指标,分析充填体损伤龄期和压损程度对其后期力学性能的影响规律。结果 结果表明：在同一损伤龄期下,充填体在80%压损下后期峰值应力及残余应力最低;压损程度对龄期3,7 d的充填体后期变形特性影响较小,对龄期14,21 d的充填体后期变形特性弱化作用较大;80%以下的压损程度对龄期3,7 d充填体后期抗压强度影响较小,各个压损程度对龄期14,21 d充填体后期抗压强度影响较大,压损程度越大,后期抗压强度越低;各龄期充填体后期弹性模量均随压损程度的增大而增大。养护龄期14 d之后的充填体受损后对其后期力学性能影响显著,且不同压损程度对龄期14 d之后的充填体后期力学影响显著。结论 研究结果可为上向水平充填采矿方法中充填质量的控制提供理论指导。     

巷道矸石充填控制覆岩变形的力学机理研究

建立了巷道矸石充填的力学模型,并应用Ritz法求解了煤柱位移场的弹性解.根据弹性-黏弹性对应原理,通过引入Maxwell体流变模型,求解了煤柱位移场的黏弹性解.得到了煤柱的压缩变形、侧向变形等随时间及充填体材料特性的变化规律,由此可确定充填巷采煤柱的变形特征,并估计了煤柱最终变形量及变形稳定时间等.将研究结果与某矿区充填开采实测变形规律比较,两者具有较好的吻合.     

综放沿空留巷充填体稳定性控制

基于综放沿空留巷的矿压模型,计算出充填体稳定所需的强度和能适应的变形量,并以此选出充填材料及其水灰比．为提高充填体的整体支护强度和抗变形能力,重点阐述了空间锚栓加固网技术及其对充填体稳定性的控制效果,为缩放大断面沿空留巷技术的成功试验莫定了坚实基础。     

三轴压缩条件下胶结充填体能量耗散特征分析

开展不同灰砂配比、质量分数的充填体三轴压缩试验,研究了不同围压加载阶段充填体的能量耗散与围压、应变以及应力的内在关系.结果表明,在低围压时,充填体的极限抗压强度低;随着围压的增加,充填体的峰值强度随之增大,峰前能耗占总能耗的比重越来越大,说明充填体屈服阶段吸收的能量占总能量的比重提高,围压的增大能够提高充填体的破坏能耗量;充填体的峰前能耗量、峰后能耗量、单位体积变形能以及总能耗与围压呈二次函数曲线关系.当围压一定时,充填体在弹性变形阶段的能量变化与轴向应力、偏应力均呈线性关系,与轴向应变呈指数函数曲线关系;随着轴向载荷增加,能量随轴向应力、偏应力变化的增长速率加大.     

高低应力水平下胶结充填体蠕变特征及分数阶本构模型

胶结充填体在采场中会经历不同应力水平的长期荷载作用,其不同应力水平下的蠕变特征直接影响矿山的安全生产.基于此,本研究制备了不同灰砂质量比的胶结充填体试样,进行了单轴压缩与分级蠕变试验,获取了不同应力水平下胶结充填体蠕变变形规律,探讨了胶结充填体在低应力水平与高应力水平下的蠕变特征,构建了胶结充填体分数阶蠕变本构模型,并进行了验证.研究结果表明：胶结充填体的蠕变特征是其在蠕变过程中内部应力的不断调整、硬化与损伤共同作用所产生的结果;低应力水平下,胶结充填体蠕变全过程中硬化作用占据主导,其中减速蠕变阶段硬化特征最为显著;高应力水平下,胶结充填体蠕变全过程中损伤作用占据主导,其中加速蠕变阶段损伤特征最为显著;同一应力水平下,灰砂质量比越低的胶结充填体蠕变全过程中硬化-损伤作用越明显,即抵抗变形能力的提升与损伤累积的速度越明显;构建的胶结充填体分数阶蠕变本构模型与各试验数据均有较高吻合度,且较好地表征了胶结充填体在不同应力水平下的蠕变特征.研究成果可为提高胶结充填体稳定性和矿山安全生产提供理论依据.     

综合机械化固体充填采煤的充填体时间相关特性研究

采用MTS 815.02电液伺服岩石力学试验系统对综合机械化固体充填采煤技术中的矸石与粉煤灰充填体的时间相关特性进行了测试,得到了3,7,13和20MPa压力条件下矸石与粉煤灰充填体时间相关特性曲线,应用流变的基本理论,选取PTh体作为矸石与粉煤灰充填体的流变模型,并建立了流变方程;根据矸石充填体时间相关性试验结果及试验矿井的相关数据,计算得出流变参数K1,K2,η,并得到综合机械化固体充填采煤工作面顶板的下沉量与时间的具体流变方程,根据流变方程得出了综合机械化固体充填采煤工作面顶板的下沉量与时间关系曲线,并得出当经历1 000h(约40d)之后,充填体流变进入稳定阶段,其变形量逐渐趋于定值,最大值约340mm.     

A roof model and its application in solid backfilling mining

Through changing the axial load on backfilling material compaction test to reflect different overlying strata pressure on backfilling material, the stress-strain relations in the compaction process of backfilling material under the geological condition can be obtained. Based on the characteristic of overlying strata movement in backfill mining, a model of roof thin plate is established. By introducing the stress-strain relation in compaction process into the model and using RIZT method to analyze the bending deformation of roof, the bending deflection and stress distribution can be obtained. The results show that the maximum roof subsidence and maximum tensile stress occurring at the center are 255 mm and5 MPa, respectively. Tensile fracture of roof under the geological condition of Dongping Mine did not occur. The dynamic measurement results of roof in Dongping Mine verify the theoretical result from the aforementioned model, thereby suggesting the roof mechanical model is reliable. The roof thin plate model based on the compaction characteristic of backfilling material in this study is of importance to research on backfill mining theories and application of backfilling material characteristics.     

Influence of backfilling rate on the stability of the “backfilling body-immediate roof” cooperative bearing structure

To reduce the cost of backfilling coal mining and utilize the underground space of coal mines, a new backfilling mining method with low backfilling rate called constructional backfilling coal mining (CBCM) is proposed. The “backfilling body-immediate roof” cooperative bearing structure of CBCM is analyzed by establishing the model of the medium thick plate on an elastic foundation. The influence of the backfilling rate on the stability of overlying strata is analyzed by the numerical simulation experiment. The control effect of CBCM is verified by a physic similar simulation test. The economic benefit of CBCM is analyzed. The conclusions are: the deformation characteristics of the immediate roof and critical backfilling spacing in CBCM can be analyzed based on the Hu Haichang’s theory. Exerting the bearing capacity of the immediate roof is beneficial to the stability of the overlying strata. The CBCM has a good control effect on the overburden in Xinyang Mine when the backfilling rate is lower than 25%. The backfilling cost of per ton coal is 37.39 yuan/t when the backfilling rate is 13.7%, with a decrease rate of 56.63% than the full-filling. The research results can provide theoretical support for the application of CBCM in coal mining.     

Mechanical properties and failure modes of stratified backfill under triaxial cyclic loading and unloading

Multiple filling of gobs will lead to a layered structure of the backfill. To explore the influence of layering structure on the mechanical properties and failure modes of backfill, different backfill specimens were prepared with a cement/sand ratio of 1:4, a slurry concentration of 75%, and backfilling times of 1, 2, 3 and 4, separately. Triaxial cyclic loading and unloading experiments were carried out. The results show that with an increase in backfilling time, the peak strength of backfill decreases as a polynomial function and the peak strain increases as an exponential function. The cyclic load enhances the linear characteristic of backfill deformation. The loading and unloading deformation moduli have a linear negative correlation with the backfilling time. The unloading deformation modulus is always slightly higher than the loading deformation modulus. The failure modes of stratified backfill are mainly characterized by conjugate shear failure at the upper layer and tensile failure across the layer plane, and there is usually no damage in the lower layer away from the loading area.     

塑膜防渗筑渠机回土机构挖掘齿的设计与分析

为了减少塑膜防渗渠道筑渠机回土机构挖掘齿的土壤阻力和粘附,对挖掘齿采用了仿生设计,分析了挖掘齿的受力,并且通过ANSYS有限元软件对挖掘齿的设计进行分析,为今后塑膜防渗筑渠机的研发提供参考依据．     

Paste-like self-flowing transportation backfilling technology based on coal gangue

A paste-like self-flowing pipeline transportation backfilling technology with coal gangue as aggregate is proposed to remove the potential damage caused by coal gangue piles. As well, the difficult problems of recovering high quality safety coal pillars and deep mining of the Suncun Coal Mine (SCM), Xinwen Coal Group, Shandong are resolved. The physical-chemical properties of coal gangue, optimized proportion of materials, backfilling system and craft in the SCM were studied in the laboratory and then an industrial test was carried out on high quality coal pillars under a town. The results show that finely crushed kaolinized and fresh gangue with granularity less than 5 mm can be used as aggregate with fly ash to replace part of the cement and a compos-ite water reducer as an additive, accounting for 1.0%-1.5% of the total amount of cement and fly ash. The recommended proportion is I(cement):4(fly ash): 15(coal gangue), with a mass fraction of 72%-75%, theological paste-like properties and a strength of more than 0.7 MPa at 7 d. The sequence of adding cement, fly ash, water reducer and then coal gangue ensures that the suspended state of the slurry, reducing the wear and jam of pipelines. The working face is advancing continuously by the alternating craft of building block walls with coal gangue and backfilling mined-out gobs with paste-like slurry. The recovery rate is as high as 90% with a backfilling cost of 36.9 Yuan/t, good utilization of coal gangue and no subsidence on the surface. This technology provides a good theoretical basis and application experience for coal mines, cement backfilling with paste-like slurry.     

Quality evaluation of layerlike backfilling and flow pattern of backfill slurry in stope

Stability condition and quality evaluation formula of layerlike backfilling roof,Q≥C,where Q denotes is quality index depending on allowable compressive or tensile strength and integrity of backfilling,and C is the technical index depending on mining method and backfilling technology,were inferred according to simply supported beam theorem.Technical treatment measures for instable backfilling roof,including optimum of appropriate filling materials and dosage for excellent flow property and reduction of backfill cost.It is proved that slope equation of backfill slurry in a stope to be filled is y=hexp[x2/(2σ)2)],where h is height of cone and σ2 is mean square,and that optimum drainage point of backfill slurry can be determined by the equation and sizes of stope.Case study indicates that the results can give a theoretical support for quality evaluation and control of layerlike backfilling.     

Waste-filling in fully-mechanized coal mining and its application

A fully-mechanized coal mining (FMCM) technology capable of filling up the goaf with wastes (including solid wastes)is described. Industrial tests have proved that by using this technology not only can waste be re-used but also coal resources can be exploited with a higher recovery rate without removing buildings located over the working faces. Two special devices, a hydraulic support and a scraper conveyor, run side-by-side on the same working face to simultaneously realize mining and filling. These are described in detail. The tests allow analysis of rock pressure and ground subsidence when backfilling techniques are employed.These values are compared to those from mining without using backfilling techniques, under the same geological conditions. The concept of equivalent mining height is proposed based on theoretical analysis of rock pressure and ground subsidence. The upper limits of the rock pressure and ground subsidence can be estimated in backfilling mining using this concept along with traditional engineering formulae.     

基于Pro/E塑膜防渗筑渠机回土机构关键部件的三维设计

针对塑膜防渗渠道防渗效果好、工程造价少、机械化施工程度低的特点,提出了机械化回填保护层土壤的施工工艺,并且利用Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire（Pro/E）软件对其关键部件进行三维设计.与以往二维设计相比,缩短了产品的设计周期,减少了设计费用,大大提高了设计的精确性.     

Horizontal roof gap of backfill hydraulic support

For the backfill hydraulic support as the key equipment for achieving integration of backfilling and coal mining simultaneously in the practical process, its characteristics will directly influence the backfill body's compression ratio. Horizontal roof gap, as a key parameter of backfilling characteristics, may impact the backfilling effect from the aspects of control of roof subsidence in advance, support stress, backfilling process and the support design. Firstly, the reason why horizontal roof gap exists was analyzed and its definition, causes and connotation were introduced, then adopting the Pro/E 3D simulation software, three typical 3D entity models of backfill hydraulic supports were built, based on the influence of horizontal roof gap on backfilling effect, and influence rules of four factors, i.e. support height, suspension height, suspension angle and tamping angle, were emphatically analyzed on horizontal roof gap. The results indicate that, the four factors all have significant impacts on horizontal roof gap, but show differences in influence trend and degree, showing negative linear correlation, positive linear correlation, positive semi-parabolic correlation and negative semi-parabolic correlation, respectively. Four legs type is the most adaptive to the four factors, while six legs(II) type has the poorest adaptability, and the horizontal roof gap is small under large support height, small suspension height, small suspension angle and large tamping angle situation. By means of optimizing structure components and their positional relation and suspension height of backfill scrape conveyor in the process of support design and through controlling working face deployment, roof subsidence in advance, mining height and backfilling during engineering application, the horizontal roof gap is optimized. The research results can be served as theoretical basis for support design and guidance for backfill support to have better performance in backfilling.