基于SPH-ALE方法的波浪水槽数值模拟

为了精确模拟波浪传播,基于光滑粒子流体动力学及任意拉格朗日欧拉(SPH-ALE)方法建立二维数值波浪水槽,在原SPH方法中引入近似黎曼求解器替代人工黏性项,采用排斥力边界条件防止流体粒子穿透固边界,海绵层内采用指数型衰减函数来消除水槽末端的波浪反射,并对规则波的传播进行数值模拟。结果表明:与采用人工黏性项的原SPH方法相比,SPH-ALE方法能够无衰减地模拟波浪传播,并可有效减小固边界附近的粒子压力振荡。     

格子Boltzmann方法在模拟液滴冲击液面中的应用

应用格子Boltzmann两相流方程,结合水平集界面重构技术,提出两相流的数值模型。采用五阶WENO格式和三阶TVD Runge-Kutta格式来求解水平集函数的输运方程。在不计重力的条件下,对液滴平动进行了数值模拟,在计算了800个时间步后,平动的液滴仍然保持原来的形状。在考虑重力的条件下,对液滴在空气中自由下落、液滴冲击液面的全过程进行了数值模拟,精细地刻画了液滴和液面界面的变化过程。数值模拟结果与物理现象一致。     

基于格子玻尔兹曼方法的液滴撞击移动液膜过程模拟

采用可调节表面张力的大密度比格子玻尔兹曼伪势模型模拟了液滴撞击移动液膜的过程,并进一步分析了雷诺数、韦伯数和初始液膜运动速度对液冠演化的影响。结果表明:初始液膜运动速度会增大上游液冠处撞击后液膜运动速度不连续性,促进上游液冠变形,同时减小了下游液冠处撞击后液膜运动速度不连续性,对下游液冠演化具有抑制作用;上游液冠高度随雷诺数增大而增大,但不随韦伯数的变化发生改变,而下游液冠高度则随着雷诺数和韦伯数的增大而减小,但雷诺数和韦伯数均不影响到液冠半径的演化;随着初始液膜运动速度增大,上、下游液冠高度减小,但液冠半径增大。格子玻尔兹曼伪势模型模拟结果与试验结果和理论分析一致,证明格子玻尔兹曼伪势模型可以有效模拟复杂液膜条件下液滴撞击液膜过程。     

Numerical simulation of hydro-elastic problems with smoothed particle hydrodynamics method

Violent free surface flows with strong fluid-solid interactions can produce a tremendous pressure load on structures, resu-lting in elastic and even plastic deformations. Modeling hydro-elastic problem...     

Water entry of decelerating spheres simulations using improved ISPH method

In this paper, we simulated the vertical impact of spheres on a water surface using three-dimensional incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics(3-D ISPH) method. The sphere motion is taken to be a rigid body motion and it is modeled by ISPH method. The governing equations are discretized and solved numerically using ISPH method. A stabilized incompressible SPH method by relaxing the density invariance condition is adopted. Here, we computed the motions of a rigid body by direct integration of the fluid pressure at the position of each particle on the body surface. The equations of translational and rotational motion were integrated in time domain to update the position of the rigid body at each time step. In this study, we improved the boundary treatment between fluid and fixed solid boundary by using virtual marker technique. In addition, an improved algorithm based on the virtual marker technique for the boundary particles is proposed to treat the moving boundary of the rigid body motion. The force exerted on the moving rigid boundary particles by the surrounding particles, is calculated by the SPH approximation at the virtual marker points. The applicability and efficiency of the current ISPH method are tested by comparison with reference experimental results.     

基于光滑粒子流体动力学方法的溃坝水流模拟

受全球气候变暖的影响,由极端天气引发的类似溃坝等问题发生的概率大大增加,深入研究溃坝水流的水动力特性势在必行。在分析光滑粒子流体动力学基本原理的基础上,提出了一种改进的边界处理方法,即将接近壁面的流体视为层流,在耦合动力边界附近引入层流黏性近似边界层理论。采用该方法对溃坝水流进行数值模拟,将SPH数值模拟得到的外轮廓、自由液面高度以及压力与实验结果进行了比较和分析。结果表明：改进的边界处理方法较完整地得到了水流与壁面相互作用而产生的多种复杂的物理现象,其外部轮廓与实验非常吻合;自由表面融合过程中液面间冲击的能量耗散会导致融合后的液面高度存在一些差异;不同监测点处压力随时间的变化基本落在置信区间之内。数值模拟结果与实验结果吻合度较高,验证了改进方案的可靠性和计算结果的准确性。     

液滴冲击液面的格子Boltzmann仿真研究

应用格子Boltzmann两相流方程，结合水平集界面重构技术，提出两相流的数值模型。采用五阶WENO格式和三阶TVD Runge-Kutta格式来求解Level Set 函数的输运方程。在不计重力的条件下，对液滴平动进行了数值模拟，在计算了800个时间步后，平动的液滴仍然保持原来的形状。在考虑重力的条件下，对液滴在空气中自由下落、液滴冲击液面的全过程进行了数值模拟，计算结果精细地刻画了液滴和液面界面的变化过程。数值模拟结果与物理规律一致。     

SPH方法在自由面问题中的应用

作为无网格粒子法,SPH法在处理大变形、自由面流动问题时具有显著的优势.介绍了SPH法的基本数值方法,并基于SPH法数值模拟了2个二维溃坝问题,将计算结果与试验数据进行了比较,结果表明:SPH法在处理自由面时具有很强的适应性.尽管水面发生了翻卷、破碎等剧烈的变化,但SPH法仍然能够较好地捕捉到这些流动现象,同时数值模拟得到的水头位置和自由面形状均能与试验结果相吻合,表明SPH法在处理自由面问题时具有较高的准确性及可靠性.     

GPU加速的SPH方法在溢洪道水流模拟中的应用

基于拉格朗日描述的光滑粒子动力学方法（SPH）擅长于处理自由面剧烈变化的水流现象,十分适合水利工程中泄洪等问题的数值模拟。然而,SPH方法通常采用均匀分布的粒子对流体计算域进行空间离散,对于工程问题而言需要的粒子数量较多、计算量大。为了突破SPH方法在实际大规模计算中的适用范围,采用C++和CUDA混合编程的技术,借助GPU实现了对SPH方法的并行加速。通过WES三圆弧段组成的光滑溢洪道过流问题,验证了GPU加速的SPH方法的计算精度和可靠性,计算效率相对原始的SPH仿真过程提高了61.8倍。最后,将GPU加速的SPH方法应用于水利工程的溢洪道泄流问题,分别模拟了光滑溢洪道和台阶式溢洪道流动特性,通过自由面的演化过程及泄流沿程截面上的速度分布状态,对比分析了台阶对泄流现象的影响。 〖HT5”H〗关〓键〓词：〖HT5”K〗     

Two-phase SPH simulation of vertical water entry of a two-dimensional structure

In view of the fact that the SPH model is easy to handle the flows with the free surface of large deformation, a 2-D flow induced by vertical water entry of a 2-D structure is simulated using the two-phase SPH model. The local pressure of the boundary particles is obtained by pressure of the fluid particles nearby through a modified kernel approximation. To evaluate the accuracy of the method, water entry of a 2-D symmetric wedge with fixed separation point of the free surface on the wedge surface is simulated. The pressure distribution of the wedge at the initial stage agrees well with the analytical results available. Evolution of the free surface and the air flow in the cavity induced by the water entry are obtained. A higher speed air jet is found at the neck of the cavity when the neck of the cavity becomes smaller. For the case of a horizontal cylinder entering the water with an unknown separation point of flow on the model surface, the early stage of the water entry is simulated for the rigid body with different density. Evolution of the free surface deformation of the half-buoyant cylinder and neutrally buoyant cylinder water entry is compared with the experimental data. The effects of the density ratio and Froude number on the pinch-off of the cavity are discussed. It is found that the pinch-off time remains almost constant for different density ratio and Froude number. Meanwhile, for a given Froude number, the dimensionless pinch-off depth and the location of the cylinder at the time of pinch-off increase with the density ratio. Further, for a given density ratio, these two parameters increase with the Froude number and, however, the relative cavity shape appears to be a self-similar shape when Fr ?8.35.     

基于SPH方法的自由水面溢流过程开边界数值模拟

SPH方法是近年发展起来的流体数值模拟的一种新方法.目前,SPH方法流体模拟主要是经典的激波、Poiseuille流、Couette流、腔内剪切流及像溃坝一样的自由表面流动.均属于初始给定所有粒子的闭边界数值模拟.该文依据SPH方法,采用周期运动边界,实现了溢流坝自由表面流开边界数值模拟.计算水面线与物模实测结果吻合较好.     

基于MLSPH方法的自由表面流动数值模拟

光滑粒子流体动力学(Smoothed Particle Hydrodynam ics,简称SPH)方法是一种Lagrange无网格粒子方法。SPH方法在解决自由表面流动问题时具有明显的优势,但同时也出现了计算精度低和稳定性较差的缺点。利用移动最小二乘SPH方法对自由移动粒子的密度进行周期性修正,模拟了二维溃坝自由表面流动,并将结果与传统SPH方法的模拟结果相比较。结果表明,移动最小二乘SPH方法降低了压力振荡,提高了计算精度,从而验证了此方法的有效性。     

液滴冲击流动液膜的格子Boltzmann模拟

采用单相格子Boltzmann方法模拟了二维液滴冲击流动液膜的含自由面的流动过程。由定义的质量与密度的比例系数来追踪气液自由面的变化。表面张力通过计算界面格点处作用在流体上的汽液相间作用力加入到模型中。数值模拟了速度比(液膜流动速度与液滴撞击速度的比值)和液膜相对厚度(液膜实际厚度与液滴直径的比值)不同时,液滴冲击流动液膜的过程。与液滴冲击静止液膜时的计算结果和理论分析结果进行对比,分析了液滴冲击流动液膜后产生的流动现象及其内在机理,产生的水花的铺展半径和溅起高度随时间的变化规律,并讨论了飞溅产生条件。     

INVESTIGATION OF INFLUENCE OF WETTABILITY ON POISEUILLE FLOW VIA MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATION

In this article, the influence of wettability on a liquid flow between two parallel plane walls were studied by using Non-Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics (NEMD) simulation. The wettability of the solid surfaces can be described as the contact angle. The liquid flow rate, the slip velocity and the slip length which are affected by the contact angle were investigated. The results show that the boundary condition at a microscopic level is different from a “no-slip” condition at a macroscopic level. There exits a slippage of a liquid flow for the hydrophobic boundary and an external force is needed to overcome threshold pressure for the hydrophilic boundary. And the orderly layered distributions of the liquid particles near the hydrophilic surface vary from a place near the hydrophobic surface. The study indicates that the surface wettability plays a significant role on possibilities of forming a viscous layer and the direct slip at the solid surface. The resistance of liquid flow can be decreased by changing the wettability of boundary surface.     

Parametric instability of a liquid metal sessile drop under the action of low-frequency alternating magnetic fields

A 2-D mathematical model is developed in order to simulate a parametric electromagnetic instability oscillation process of a liquid metal droplet under the action of low frequency magnetic field. The Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method and weak form constraint boundary condition are introduced in this model for implementation of the surface tension and electromagnetic force on liquid droplet free surface. The results of the numerical calculations indicate the appearance of various regimes of oscillation. It is found that according to the magnetic field frequency various types of oscillation modes may be found. The oscillation is originated from an instability phenomenon. The stability diagram of liquid metal droplet in the parameter space of magnetic frequency and magnetic flux density is determined numerically. The diagram is very similar to that found in the so-called parametric instability.     

基于格子玻尔兹曼法的三维溃坝流数值模拟与验证

溃坝问题一直是验证数值模拟方法有效性的经典问题。利用基于格子玻尔兹曼离散方法研发的XFlow软件来模拟三维溃坝问题,以此验证其有效性并提出进一步的改进方向。为了对比前人所做的实验和模拟结果,计算了无障碍三维溃坝流相应监测点的压力、水位等要素,得到了水流演进过程,并提出了用增强固壁函数法处理固壁边界以增强计算的稳定性,另外还考虑了有矩形障碍物的三维溃坝问题。研究结果表明：该方法能捕捉到某一时间点的自由液面,相关数据计算结果准确,且无需划分网格,能减少工作量,但结果稳定性较差,合理运用边界处理方法能有效解决这一问题。     

基于SPH无网格法的纺锤形桩靴连续贯入过程模拟

纺锤形桩靴在饱和土中贯入过程涉及土体极大变形和复杂的土、水、结构三者耦合作用,由于网格畸变问题,采用传统网格类数值方法很难进行模拟。SPH无网格法借助于一系列粒子进行插值,粒子与粒子之间无联系,将偏微分形式的控制方程转化为常微分方程组进行求解,可有效避免网格畸变问题。基于土-水-结构耦合SPH无网格算法,对桩靴在中密、密实砂土及饱和黏土中的连续贯入过程进行模拟,研究土体存在极大变形条件下桩靴贯入阻力、超孔隙水压力及总应力等物理量在贯入过程中的变化规律,并与CEL大变形有限元分析结果及室内离心机测值进行对比和分析。研究结果表明:采用土-水-结构耦合SPH算法可以准确地捕捉土、水混合物发生大变形时的自由面特征、贯入阻力、孔隙水压力及超孔隙水压力等物理量。     

一种稳定的移动粒子半隐式法

该文提出了一种稳定的移动粒子半隐式法(MPS)。分析了MPS方法求解封闭区域流动的有解条件、自由面流动中粒子以较大速度撞击壁面或液面时出现的不稳定现象。为了解决这些问题,提出了Navier-Stokes方程新的求解算法和自由面边界处理方法。改进后的MPS方法提高了计算的稳定性,采用该方法成功模拟了自由面流动的溃坝现象,从而验证了该方法的有效性。     

水流结构相互作用的粒子法数值仿真

提出了光滑质点水动力学法,对具有自由面的水流(体)与建筑物相互作用问题进行了数值仿真。应用该法求解了拉格朗日形式的纳维埃—斯托克斯方程,并对方程中的梯度、散度与拉普拉斯等项进行了相应的处理。光滑质点水动力学法具有计算格式简单、易于跟踪自由面和计算大变形问题等优势。最后,给出了水流(体)与建筑物相互作用的两个计算实例,结果表明,计算结果与其他方法给出的数据符合良好。     

基于SPH方法的二维宽顶堰溢流数值模拟

光滑粒子水动力学方法(SPH)是一种基于纯拉格朗日思想的无网格粒子方法,在众多科学和工程领域得到了初步应用。采用SPH方法对二维宽顶堰溢流进行了数值模拟,并利用机群进行并行计算来提高计算效率,将模拟数据与试验数据进行了对比。结果表明,SPH方法可以模拟出二维宽顶堰自由出流和淹没出流时水流流态、水跌、回流区、水跃现象,计算出溢流流量、流速等水力参数,并且采用数据拟合得出与理论相符的断面流速分布图。结果表明了SPH方法可以较好模拟二维宽顶堰溢流中的流速分布以及水面曲线。