浮法玻璃生产用燃料与燃烧技术讨论

本文介绍了浮法玻璃生产中各种燃料的选择与应用，以及各种燃料的性能特点。重点强调了使用先进的燃烧技术，能实现各种燃料的科学燃烧，既能达到节能降耗，又能降低成本。     

煤粉沸腾悬浮燃烧的研究

<正> 煤粉燃烧装置广泛应用于各种不同行业,然而各种不同燃烧设备的设计,都是以某种固定燃料为基础。当燃料的性质变化较大时,为维持原燃烧设备稳定运行,不得不采用一些必要的辅助措施。如何解决燃料变化时仍能稳定燃烧,已成为目前燃料技术中重要的研究内容。本文讨论了当燃料变化时仍能稳定燃烧的问题。流态化技术应用于锅炉燃烧以后,有利地解决了劣质燃料的稳定燃烧问题。其主要原因在于,沸腾床内存蓄着大量的热量,当燃料进入床内很快被加热,迅速达到燃烧条     

玻璃生产常用燃料的应用与CO2排放

对比分析了几种常用燃料在燃烧应用过程各阶段产生的CO2排放量,并根据玻璃熔窑能耗指标,对各种燃料熔化单位质量玻璃液的CO2排放量进行了核算与比较。指出采用先进的节能降耗技术,减少燃料消耗、降低燃料应用过程的电耗,以及发展先进的煤气化技术、合理选择燃料种类,可以有效控制玻璃产业CO2排放。     

浮法玻璃燃料与余热利用

介绍了浮法玻璃各种燃料的选择与应用,通过对使用重油、煤焦油、天然气、石油焦粉等四种燃料比较,重油在操作、熔窑寿命和玻璃质量上均占优势,四种燃料单位玻璃熔化热耗依次增加,但单位成本依次降低,尤其是石油焦粉成本降低幅度最大。使用先进的余热利用技术,可使玻璃的单位能耗大幅降低,且四种燃料差距逐步减少,能达到或接近国际先进水平。玻璃企业可按照成本的要求选择合适的燃料,有效地实现节能减排,提高企业的经济效益。     

脉冲燃烧控制系统浅析

一、引言 火焰炉窑的燃烧控制水平直接影响到产品质量、能耗等项指标。目前国内普遍采用比例控制、双交叉限幅控制等形式,但其实现往往受燃料量的测量和调节这一关键环节的制约,如大量使用的重油和焦炉煤气的测量和调节就是国内至今尚未解决的难题。为此,我公司借鉴国内外先进技术,推出脉冲燃烧控制系统,只测量炉温(或工件温度),无须测量调节燃料量和助燃风量即可实现燃烧自动控     

固体燃料化学链燃烧技术的研究进展

化学链燃烧(CLC)能够实现CO2的内分离,同时能提高燃烧效率、减少环境污染。固体燃料储量丰富,研究固体燃料的化学链燃烧将有利于实现固体燃料的高效、经济、清洁利用,具有广阔的应用前景。介绍了固体燃料化学链燃烧的实现途径和技术路线,总结了反应器设计及载氧体的最新研究进展,并指出实现固体燃料化学链燃烧所面临的技术难题。最后,指出高温高压条件下的固体燃料化学链燃烧是未来研究的重要趋势。     

100t/d气化飞灰预热燃烧锅炉设计与运行

煤气化技术是煤炭梯级利用的主要方式之一,近年来发展迅速、使用广泛。但煤气化过程无法将煤中的碳全部转化利用,煤经过气化后仍有部分可燃物残留在气化飞灰中。其中循环流化床煤气化产生的气化飞灰碳含量相对较高,低位发热量达12~25 MJ/kg,若能加以利用会显著提高碳的利用率。气化飞灰的挥发分极低,传统燃烧技术很难处理。为了实现气化飞灰的高效燃烧,并同时控制燃烧的NO_x排放水平,提出并发展了预热燃烧技术。该技术将气化飞灰在流化床预热燃烧器中进行预热,在缺氧条件下通过化学反应产生热量将燃料自身预热至850~950℃并脱除部分燃料氮,再将预热后的燃料通入煤粉炉炉膛,在炉内通过分级配风实现高效低NO_x燃烧。针对一台采用预热燃烧技术的气化飞灰预热燃烧锅炉,开展调试和工程试验,通过考察预热燃烧器和炉膛内的温度分布和变化规律、气化飞灰的燃烧效率以及NO_x原始排放,研究气化飞灰的预热特性、预热后的高温气固混合燃料的燃烧特性和NO_x排放特性。结果表明,预热燃烧锅炉可以燃用挥发分3%的气化飞灰,锅炉运行稳定,气化飞灰燃烧效率可达98%以上,NO_x原始排放浓度最低可达261.94 mg/m~3,经脱硝处理能达到超低排放。预热燃烧锅炉实现了气化飞灰的高效低氮燃烧,证明了预热燃烧技术在超低挥发分燃料处理方面的可行性和技术先进性。     

基于热解与燃烧反应重构的低NO x 解耦燃烧原理与技术

解耦燃烧原理最早于1995年被用于烟煤的低氮无烟燃烧,其通过分离燃料热解与半焦燃烧,打破两反应在传统燃烧方式中的耦合作用,并通过重构热解挥发分与半焦的燃烧反应,实现挥发分完全燃烧的同时有效还原燃烧生成的NO _x。基于此方法的燃烧技术在1997年被定义为“解耦燃烧”。本文围绕固体燃料解耦燃烧高效低氮化原理、燃烧过程反应重构原则和反应过程定向调控关键要素,综合总结近三十年在煤炭与生物质解耦燃烧基础研究、技术开发、民用及工业燃烧典型应用及其实现的燃烧强化效果等方面取得的主要进展。解耦燃烧耦合其他诸如燃料再燃、燃料或空气分级燃烧、流态重构燃烧等先进燃烧技术可以进一步提高燃烧效率,降低空气污染物排放。解耦燃烧技术特别适合高含水燃料,对创新低阶煤和有机废弃物等的高效低氮燃烧新技术具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。     

基于热解与燃烧反应重构的低NO x 解耦燃烧原理与技术

解耦燃烧原理最早于1995年被用于烟煤的低氮无烟燃烧,其通过分离燃料热解与半焦燃烧,打破两反应在传统燃烧方式中的耦合作用,并通过重构热解挥发分与半焦的燃烧反应,实现挥发分完全燃烧的同时有效还原燃烧生成的NO _x。基于此方法的燃烧技术在1997年被定义为“解耦燃烧”。本文围绕固体燃料解耦燃烧高效低氮化原理、燃烧过程反应重构原则和反应过程定向调控关键要素,综合总结近三十年在煤炭与生物质解耦燃烧基础研究、技术开发、民用及工业燃烧典型应用及其实现的燃烧强化效果等方面取得的主要进展。解耦燃烧耦合其他诸如燃料再燃、燃料或空气分级燃烧、流态重构燃烧等先进燃烧技术可以进一步提高燃烧效率,降低空气污染物排放。解耦燃烧技术特别适合高含水燃料,对创新低阶煤和有机废弃物等的高效低氮燃烧新技术具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。     

富氧煅烧在水泥熟料生产中的节煤机理

富氧煅烧属高效燃烧技术的一种,由于燃料在富氧中能够充分燃烧,热辐射会迅速增强,从而大大提高了燃料的燃烧速度和燃尽率.实验证实,富氧煅烧能提高火焰的绝对温度;能提高炉内火焰温度;能加快燃烧速度促进燃烧完全;能降低燃料的燃点温度;能减少燃烧后的排气量.富氧煅烧技术首次在国内天瑞水泥5000t/d水泥窑上获得成功.     

Development and characterization of silicone/phosphorus modified epoxy materials and their application as anticorrosion and antifouling coatings

Epoxy resin is chosen for our present study owing to its exceptional combination of properties such as easy processing, high safety, excellent solvent and chemical resistance, toughness, low shrinkage on cure, good electrical, mechanical and corrosion resistance with excellent adhesion to many substrates. This versatility in formulation made epoxy resins widely applied for surface coatings, adhesives, laminates, composites, potting, painting materials, encapsulant for semiconductor and insulating material for electric devices. There are numerous paint/coating systems based on epoxy resin available for corrosion and fouling prevention. They however are not completely satisfactory in field applications, where high corrosion, fouling and flame resistance are required. The demand for epoxy resin as corrosion/fouling resistant coatings is restricted mainly due to its inferior characteristics like poor impact strength, high rigidity, and moisture absorbing nature besides inadequate flame retardant properties. It is for this reason that silicones and phosphorus-based compounds are used as modifier in this work by intercrosslinking network mechanism (ICN) to obtain epoxy resin with desired properties ideally suitable for field applications for preventing corrosion and fouling with flame retardantancy. The present work involves the development of solvent free silicone/phosphorus modified epoxy coating systems, since solvent free coating systems are widely used for numerous applications due to their lower cost per unit film thickness, freedom from fire and pollution hazard and ability to provide better performance. For the development of coating systems, epoxy resin (X) serves as base material, hydroxyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane (HTPDMS) as modifier, γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (γ-APS) as crosslinking agent and dibutyltindilaurate (DBTDL) as catalyst. Polyamidoamine (A), aromatic amine adducts (B) and phosphorus-containing diamine (C) were used as curing agents. The study also describes the evaluation of corrosion resistant behaviour of unmodified epoxy and siliconized epoxy coatings by potentiodynamic polarization method, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), salt-spray and antifouling tests. The results are discussed.     

Molecular Chaperones and miRNAs in Epilepsy: Pathogenic Implications and Therapeutic Prospects

Epilepsy is a pathologic condition with high prevalence and devastating consequences for the patient and its entourage. Means for accurate diagnosis of type, patient monitoring for predicting seizures and follow up, and efficacious treatment are desperately needed. To improve this adverse outcome, miRNAs and the chaperone system (CS) are promising targets to understand pathogenic mechanisms and for developing theranostics applications. miRNAs implicated in conditions known or suspected to favor seizures such as neuroinflammation, to promote epileptic tolerance and neuronal survival, to regulate seizures, and others showing variations in expression levels related to seizures are promising candidates as useful biomarkers for diagnosis and patient monitoring, and as targets for developing novel therapies. Components of the CS are also promising as biomarkers and as therapeutic targets, since they participate in epileptogenic pathways and in cytoprotective mechanisms in various epileptogenic brain areas, even if what they do and how is not yet clear. The data in this review should help in the identification of molecular targets among the discussed miRNAs and CS components for research aiming at understanding epileptogenic mechanisms and, subsequently, develop means for predicting/preventing seizures and treating the disease.     

产磷脂酶菌株的筛选鉴定及其应用

采用磷脂平板初筛和摇瓶复筛,从富油土样中筛选得到一株产磷脂酶菌株BIT-18。经菌株形态特征、生理生化特征及16S rRNA序列分析,鉴定其为荧光假单胞菌（Pseudomonas fluorescens）。以磷脂标准品（1-棕榈酰-2-油酰-Sn-甘油-3-磷脂酰胆碱）为底物,通过气相色谱分析反应产物的脂肪酸成分,定性鉴定P.fluorescens BIT-18表达的磷脂酶为B型磷脂酶。该酶为低温酶,最适温度和pH值分别为25℃和6.5,低浓度的金属离子有利于其酶促反应进行。以磷脂酶B为催化剂在自制间歇式反应器中对大豆油进行酶法脱胶,在加酶量500 U·kg^-1,加水量2%,温度40℃,pH 4.7的条件下反应6 h,脱胶油磷含量由90.1 mg·kg^-1降至4.6 mg·kg^-1,脱胶率高达94.9%,显示出良好的应用前景。     

油气管道第三方破坏及其监控管理方法

油气管道第三方破坏已经上升为管道失效的主要原因,文章阐述了管道第三方破坏的主要原因及表现形式,并简单介绍了5种对油气管道第三方破坏的监控管理方法一声学监测、光纤系统、卫星监测、阴极保护监测及呼叫系统,这对以后管道的安全管理与运行有重要的意义.     

Glyco-functionalised quantum dots and their progress in cancer diagnosis and treatment

Despite all major breakthroughs in recent years of research, we are still unsuccessful to effectively diagnose and treat cancer that has express and metastasizes. Thus, the development of a novel approach for cancer detection and treatment is crucial. Recent progress in Glyconanotechnology has allowed the use of glycans and lectins as bio-functional molecules for many biological and biomedical applications. With the known advantages of quantum dots (QDs) and versatility of carbohydrates and lectins, Glyco-functionalised QD is a new prospect in constructing biomedical imaging platform for cancer behaviour study as well as treatment. In this review, we aim to describe the current utilisation of Glyco-functionalised QDs as well as their future prospective to interpret and confront cancer.     

Modelling and Simulation of Batch and Continuous Fluidized Bed Dryers

The performance of batch and continuous fluidized solids dryers has been modeled, with allowance for diffusional moisture transport in the dense phase particles and for interstitial gas-to-particle mass transfer within the dense phase, as well as for interphase exchange resistance between gas bubbles and the dense phase. Two types of boundary conditions are employed. Variations of the bed temperature and product moisture content in the bed with time are predicted numerically under various batch drying conditions. Exit product moisture contents, bed temperatures and outlet air humidities are also predicted for continuous drying at various mean residence times. The model can be used for homogeneous as well as bubbling fluidized bed drying. It can be used for a wide range of materials, including cereal grains and granular synthetic polymeric materials.     

氟表面活性剂和氟聚合物(IX)——全氟磺酸树脂和全氟磺酸离子交换膜

全氟磺酸树脂(PFAR)及其前体全氟磺酰氟树脂(PFSR),以及由其为基材制备的全氟磺酸离子交换膜(PFSIEM)是重要的氟化工产品,在氯碱工业、燃料电池、化工生产和国防安全等领域有重要应用。介绍了PFSR,PFAR和PFSIEM的发展历程、产品种类、制备方式、加工方法、表征方法和产品应用,并对其研究热点及我国在该领域的发展进行了展望。     

Nanotubes and nanowires

Ever since the discovery of carbon nanotubes, several strategies have been developed for the synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) as well as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). We examine novel methods such as the precursor route and nebulized spray pyrolysis for the synthesis of MWNTs as well as junction nanotubes. Nanotubes of inorganic layered materials obtained by various ingenious methods are discussed. Nanowires of inorganic materials are synthesized not only by high temperature methods such as the carbon-assisted route, but also by soft chemical routes. We describe some of the soft chemical routes for the synthesis of inorganic nanotubes and nanowires. Some of the properties and applications of the nanotubes and nanowires are briefly described.     

《化工专业本科毕业设计指导教程》的研究与实践

高校化学工程与工艺专业教育是为化工行业培养工程技术人才的重要平台,毕业设计是培养学生工程能力和创新能力最重要的实践性环节。化工专业毕业设计的任务、内容、程序、工作量等与化工工艺设计有很大区别,说明书和图纸的要求也有许多不同。结合教学大纲及化工专业毕业设计内容及深度规定,参考各类设计资料,研究并编写了《化工专业本科毕业设计指导教程》,为学生和教师提供一本针对性强、操作性强、高效便捷的指导手册。经检验,效果显著。     

Structure and mechanical properties of plasma sprayed coatings of titania and alumina

The paper concerns the use of traditional and depth-sensing indentation (DSI) for investigation of deposits produced from powders based on conventional and nano-sized particles by plasma spray technology.

Plasma sprayed coatings of titania and alumina were studied. Polished cross-section of each coating was prepared and matrices of nano-indents with Berkovich tip were applied onto both materials to explore local elastic behavior. Applied load was in the range of mN to create indents with the same size scale as the thickness of splats—the main building units of the coating. The hardness value as well as the load/unload curve for each indent was stored. Titania coating was sprayed from a novel type of nanoscale-size powder agglomerated to particles useful for plasma spraying, whereas fused and crushed conventional powder was utilized for alumina spraying and for titania coating used as reference. The effect of annealing on elastic properties of titania was studied as well. The values of elastic parameters as well as the character of the coating inhomogeneity seem to reflect: (i) the composition of material and the fabrication technique and (ii) microstructural differences between coatings that are partly inherited from the feedstock powders. The results of DSI tests are discussed also in comparison with common technique used for the investigation of plasma coatings hardness—Vickers microhardness measurement.