Al2O3基陶瓷刀具车削300M超高强度钢的刀具寿命研究

采用对角正交回归试验法,求得Al2O3基陶瓷刀具切削300M超高强度钢的刀具寿命经验公式,并分析了切削用量对刀具寿命的影响.通过扫描电子显微镜的观察和能谱分析仪的分析,对Al2O3基陶瓷刀具的损坏形态和磨损机理进行了研究.研究表明:Al2O3基陶瓷刀具车削300M超高强度钢时,粘结磨损和磨粒磨损是主要的磨损机理;合理的切削参数为:切削速度200～300 m/min、切削深度0.1～0.15 mm、进给量0.05～0.1 mm/r.     

梯度功能陶瓷刀具FG-2断续

提出了梯度功能陶瓷刀具FG-2断续切削淬硬钢T10A时,存在一最佳切削速度,在此速度下,破损寿命最高;在低速切削时,FG-2的破损寿命不比普通陶瓷刀具SG-4高,但在高速切削时,其抗破损性能则明显好于普通陶瓷刀具SG-4,说明梯度功能陶瓷刀具适应于高速切削.     

高速铣削模具钢Sialon梯度陶瓷刀具切削性能研究

针对模具钢加工过程中刀具磨损快、加工质量不稳定的问题,分别选用自主研制的Sialon梯度陶瓷刀具、商用Sialon均质陶瓷刀具进行高速干铣削试验,研究铣削速度对刀具切削性能及加工表面质量的影响。结果发现:在v_c=100 m/min,200 m/min条件下,梯度陶瓷刀具的切削力大于均质陶瓷刀具的切削力,但在v_c=100～1 000 m/min范围内,梯度陶瓷刀具的切削力+。梯度陶瓷刀具切削时前中期磨损较为缓慢,致使其刀具寿命较高,并获得更加稳定的加工表面粗糙度。因此,宏观上梯度结构的应力缓解作用和微观上微纳米复合的强韧化机制,在高速铣削模具钢时,Sialon梯度陶瓷刀具具有可靠的刀具寿命,并获得了更加稳定的表面质量。     

陶瓷刀具车削TC4钛合金磨损特性的研究

为研究陶瓷刀具切削钛合金的磨损机理,采用CC6060陶瓷刀片对TC4钛合金进行了干式车削试验。结果表明:陶瓷刀具干式切削TC4钛合金时,磨损形貌以前刀面月牙洼磨损、后刀面沟槽磨损和刀尖破损为主,磨损机理主要是粘结磨损和氧化磨损。随着切削速度的增加,刀具磨损加剧,刀具寿命降低。CC6060陶瓷刀片干式切削钛合金时的使用寿命很低,不适于干式切削钛合金。     

ZTA陶瓷刀具连续切削淬硬T10A时的切削性能研究

研究两种自主研制的新型ZTA(Al2O3/Zr O2)陶瓷刀具切削淬硬T10A时的切削性能。刀具后刀面磨损量随切削深度和切削速度的增加而增大;刀具的主要磨损形态为后刀面磨损;主要磨损机理为后刀面磨粒磨损和部分粘结磨损。     

一种Al2O3基陶瓷刀具的切削性能研究

采用热压工艺制备了一种Al2O3／Ti（CN）陶瓷刀具材料,对其进行了切削性能试验,分析了其切削磨损机理并比较了三种陶瓷刀具的切削性能。试验结果表明,在切削淬硬45^#钢和铸铁时,Al2O3／Ti（CN）陶瓷刀具的耐磨性与Al2O3／TiC陶瓷刀具接近,但明显高于Al2O3／TiC／CaF2自润滑陶瓷刀具;Al2O3／Ti（CN）陶瓷刀具的后刀面磨损量随切削速度和背吃刀量的增加而增大。SEM分析发现,在切削淬硬45^#钢和铸铁时Al2O3／Ti（CN）陶瓷刀具后刀面主要磨损形式为磨粒磨损。     

铁基粉末冶金材料的高速干切削试验研究

用陶瓷刀具、涂层刀具和硬质合金刀具进行了铁基粉末冶金零件的干切削对比试验,研究了切削速度、切削深度以及进给速度与刀具耐用度和加工表面粗糙度的关系,分析了陶瓷刀具的磨损机理。结果表明所选用陶瓷刀具的切削性能明显优于涂层刀具和硬质合金刀具;陶瓷刀具前刀面主要磨损形式为月牙洼磨损与剥落,后刀面的主要磨损原因为磨粒磨损;认为陶瓷刀具更适合用于粉末冶金零件的切削加工。     

陶瓷刀具高速干切削等温淬火球铁(ADI)磨损性能研究

采用陶瓷刀具(CC650)对等温淬火球墨铸铁(以下简称AD I)进行干式高速切削试验,用带有X射线能谱分析的扫描电镜观察刀具表面的磨损形貌,并对刀具磨损微区和工件表面成分进行定性分析,用X射线衍射仪对刀具、工件和切屑等试样进行物相分析,研究高速切削时陶瓷刀具磨损性能及磨损机制。结果表明:切削速度是影响刀具寿命的主要因素;CC650刀具高速干切削AD I时形成的刀具主后刀面和前刀面的磨损形态基本类似中、低速条件下磨损形态,主要区别在其磨损区域紧靠切削刃,最大磨损部位位于切削刃附近;CC650刀具高速切削AD I时切削温度高,其磨损是机械磨损与化学磨损综合作用的结果,磨损机制主要包括磨料磨损、扩散磨损、粘结磨损和微崩。     

氧化锆生物陶瓷铣削的刀具磨损

为了研究完全烧结氧化锆陶瓷铣削过程中金刚石刀具的磨损及其对切削过程的影响,进行了氧化锆铣削实验。分析了刀具磨损带的扩展过程以及切削力随刀具磨损过程的变化规律。通过观测切削表面微观形貌随刀具磨损过程的演变,对刀具磨损与切削模式之间的关系进行了探讨,最后揭示了刀具磨损机理。研究结果表明：铣削氧化锆陶瓷时刀具磨损随切削过程从刃口扩展到后刀面,同时切削模式从延脆混合去除转变为完全脆性去除,刀具磨损模式是崩刃、剥落及石墨化磨损。     

梯度功能陶瓷刀具FG—2断续切削淬硬钢T10A的切削性能研究

提出了梯度功能陶瓷刀具FG－2O断续切削淬硬钢T10A时，存在一最佳切削速度，在此速度下，破损寿命最高；在低速切削时，FG－2的破损寿命不比普通陶瓷刀具SG－4高，但在高速切削时，其抗破损性能则明显好于普通陶瓷刀具SG－4，说明梯度功能陶瓷刀具适应于高速切削。     

梯度功能陶瓷刀具的热应力分析

运用有限元法计算了梯度功能陶瓷刀具内的热应力,结果表明,在切削速度较低的情况下,梯度功能陶瓷刀具内的热应力与普通陶瓷刀具内的热应力相比差别不大;而在高速切削条件下,梯度功能陶瓷刀具内的热应力明显小于普通陶瓷刀具,说明梯度功能陶瓷刀具适应于高速切削。     

Cutting performance and wear mechanisms of Sialon–Si3N4 graded nano-composite ceramic cutting tools

Sialon–Si₃N₄ graded nano-composite ceramic tool materials were fabricated by using hot-pressing technique. The residual stresses in the surface layer of the graded ceramic tool materials were calculated by the indentation method. The cutting performance and wear mechanisms of the graded tools were investigated via turning of Inconel 718 alloy in comparison with common reference tools. The surface roughness of the finish hard turning of Inconel 718 and the microstructures of the chips were also examined. Worn and fractured surfaces of the cutting tools were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results showed that graded structure in Sialon–Si₃N₄ graded ceramic tool materials can induce residual compressive stresses in the surface layer during fabrication process. Tool lifetime of graded ceramic tool was higher than that of the common reference tool. The longer tool life of the graded nano-composite ceramic tool was attributed to its synergistic strengthening and toughening mechanisms induced by the optimum graded compositional structure of the tool and the addition of nano-sized particles. Wear mechanisms identified in the machining tests involved adhesive wear and abrasive wear. The mechanisms responsible for the higher tool life were determined to be the formation of compressive residual stress in the surface layer of the graded tools, which led to an increase in the resistance to fracture.     

Performance of graded nano-composite ceramic tools in ultra-high-speed milling of Inconel 718

The cutting performance, failure types, and mechanisms of the graded nano-composite ceramic tools were investigated during dry face milling of Inconel 718. In these tests, round ceramic inserts were used at cutting speeds ranging from 500 to 1,100 m/min. The structures of the chips, cutting forces, and surface roughness were also examined. Failure surfaces of the tools were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the graded tool possessed a self-sharpening characteristic and exhibited higher cutting performance compared with the homogeneous ones, as a result of its enhanced mechanical properties, higher abrasive wear, and fracture resistance. The failure mechanisms of the tools involved chipping, flaking, notch wear, abrasive wear, and adhesive wear. The mechanisms responsible for the higher cutting performance of the graded tools were inferred to be the formation of compressive residual stress in the surface layer induced by the graded compositional structure.     

Experimental investigations on the failure mechanism and self-sharpening of a graded tool

To solve the urgent needs of high-performance cutting tool and high-efficient cutting process for nickel-based super alloy, a graded ceramic tool was manufactured and a series machining experiments were performed in high-speed (HS) conditions. The failure mechanisms of the graded tool were revealed by analysis the micro-structure and failure morphology. The experimental results exhibited that the primary failure mechanisms were adhesive wear, micro-chipping and flaking. For the graded tool, the step-shaped flaking surfaces and some narrow flaking strips were found on the rake face and along the cutting edge, respectively, which were the self-sharpening cutting characteristics. These characteristics should be attributed to the synergistic mechanisms of strengthening and toughening resulted from the reasonably graded structure. In addition, during the HS milling process, this characteristic was also presented on the failure faces of homogeneous tool with SiC whisker reinforced. Therefore, it is concluded that the characteristics were in a close relation to the cutting parameters and tool mechanical properties.     

Evaluation of the Machinability of Nickel-Base,Inconel 718, Alloy with Nano-Ceramic Cutting Tools

The machinability of difficult-to-cut aerospace alloys can be enhanced by the rapid development of cutting tool materials that can withstand machining at high-speed conditions. The performance of nano-grain size ceramic tool materials were evaluated when machining nickel base, Inconel 718, in terms of tool life, tool failure modes and wear mechanisms as well as component forces generated under different roughing conditions. Comparison tests were carried out with commercially available ceramic tool materials of micron-grain composition.

The test results show that the micron grain size commercially available tool materials generally gave the longest tool life. The dominant failure mode is nose wear, while some of the nano-ceramic tools were rejected mainly due to chipping at the cutting edge. This suggests that physical properties and mechanical stability of the cutting edge of the ceramic tools influence their overall performance. It is also evident that chemical compositions of the tool materials played a significant role in their failure. The alumina base ceramics are more susceptible to premature fracture than the silicon nitride base ceramics with higher fracture toughness.     

Performance of ceramic tools in high-speed cutting iron-based superalloys

A series of turning tests were conducted to investigate the cutting performance of ceramic tools in high-speed turning iron-based superalloys GH2132 (A286). Three kinds of ceramic tools, KY1540, CC650, and CC670 were used and their materials are Sialon, Al₂O₃–Ti(C,N), and Al₂O₃–SiC_w, respectively. The cutting forces, cutting temperatures, tool wear morphologies, and tool failure mechanisms are discussed. The experimental results show that with the increase in cutting speed, the resultant cutting forces with KY1540 and CC670 tools show a tendency to increase first and then decrease while those for CC650 increase gradually. The cutting temperature increases monotonically with the increase in cutting speed. The optimum cutting speeds for KY1540 and CC650 when turning GH2132 are less than 100 m/min, while those for CC670 are between 100 and 200 m/min. Flank wear is the main reason that leads to tool failure of KY1540 and CC670 while notch wear is the main factor that leads to tool failure of CC650. Tool failure mechanisms of ceramic tools when machining GH2132 include adhesion, chipping, abrasion, and notching. Better surface roughness can be got using CC670 ceramic tools.     

1Cr23Ni18耐热钢车削工艺参数优化

采用YT15、YW2、YG6X和YL100陶瓷刀具进行1Cr23Ni18奥氏体型耐热钢的车削试验,得出速度较低时切削1Cr23Ni18耐热钢YG6X和YW2刀具耐用度和表面质量比较好。但切削速度较高时,YG6X刀具耐用度较低,而YL100陶瓷刀具耐用度较好。通过调整陶瓷刀具的切削工艺参数,在保证工件表面质量和避免刀具破损情况下,经X射线衍射分析,在工件表面产生0.1～0.5mm的压应力硬化层,可以延长工件寿命30%以上。