认知无线电系统中调制滤波器组的设计

作为一种新的智能频谱共享技术,认知无线电(CR)技术允许认知用户在不干扰授权用户的前提下使用其空闲的频谱而有效提高频谱利用率。为克服传统认知无线电系统物理层传输技术即正交频分复用(OFDM)多载波调制技术因高的旁瓣衰减带来的相邻带间干扰和认知用户对授权用户的干扰,研究了一种可以替代的多载波调制技术,即滤波器组多载波调制技术。将滤波器组的设计归结为一个无约束的线性优化设计原型滤波器问题,并提出一种间接设计的方法。该方法首先采用Parks-McClellan算法设计两个低阶的线性低通滤波器,然后通过插值和级联操作优化设计需要的原型滤波器。仿真结果表明,相对传统的直接设计方法,所提方法能够明显降低滤波器系数长度和改善滤波器组的混叠误差。     

FMT系统的滤波器组优化设计

传统滤波多音调制(FMT)系统的原型滤波器阻带衰减不够大,过渡带宽度衰减速度慢,导致系统性能较低。为此,提出一种基于FMT系统载波间干扰抑制的滤波器组优化设计方法。通过优化滤波器组中原型滤波器的通带截止频率、过渡带宽度和旁瓣峰值来提高FMT系统的子信道频谱约束性。仿真结果表明,采用该优化方法设计的原型滤波器具有较小的过渡带宽度和旁瓣峰值,对应的FMT系统具有更好的子信道频谱约束性和误码率性能。     

基于改进离散傅里叶变换调制滤波器组的多载频系统设计

为改善传统正交频分复用(OFDM)多载频系统频率选择性差和频谱泄露等缺陷,研究了基于改进离散傅里叶变换(DFT)调制滤波器组的多载频调制系统设计。将其设计问题归结为一个无约束的最小化调制滤波器组完全重建误差的目标函数优化问题,采用一种改进的窗函数法设计调制滤波器组的原型滤波器和线性优化方法优化目标函数。与传统的窗函数法相比,该改进窗函数法在理想滤波器的过渡带内插了一种样条函数以消除吉布斯效应。仿真结果表明,该方法设计的原型滤波器与传统的平方根升余弦方法设计的原型滤波器和一般矩形窗原型滤波器相比有更高的阻带衰减,对应的改进DFT滤波器组有更小的重建误差。基于该方法设计的改进DFT滤波器组多载频系统在正交相移键控(QPSK)调制和3GPP TS 25.104车载多径信道以及单抽头频域均衡下有更好的误符号率(SER)性能。     

考虑频谱感知错误的多载波认知无线电资源分配算法

认知无线电(CR)资源分配中二级用户对主用户造成的干扰源于两方面,即带外频谱泄露和频谱感知错误。滤波器组多载波(FBMC)技术和正交频分复用(OFDM)技术相比,FBMC带外泄露较小,频谱利用率较高。FBMC技术考虑干扰来源,可以降低二级用户对主用户的干扰,提高CR系统吞吐量。为此,提出考虑频谱感知错误的CR资源分配算法,建立干扰模型,将资源分配分步简化为载波分配和功率分配,在干扰约束和功率约束条件下对二级用户进行功率分配。基于FBMC和OFDM系统的仿真结果表明,该算法对主用户造成的干扰更小,CR系统可以获得更大的吞吐量,FBMC的干扰和吞吐量性能均优于OFDM。     

应用MDFT结构的认知无线电频谱感知方法

针对认知无线电系统采用传统正交频分复用（OFDM）技术时,其高频谱泄露带来的邻带间干扰及造成的主用户信号检测性能下降等问题,提出了一种基于改进离散傅里叶变换（MDFT）调制滤波器组的认知无线电（CR）多用户接入频谱检测方案,并推导了CR系统在应用MDFT滤波器组条件下检测概率表达式。理论推导及不同参数下仿真结果表明,与基于OFDM的CR系统相比,MDFT结构的系统比以矩形窗函数为原型滤波器的OFDM系统带外有更高阻带衰减;在较低信噪比情况下,基于3GPP TS 25.104协议标准的多径步行信道采用MDFT滤波器组结构的CR系统频谱感知性能相比于采用OFDM调制方式有了明显提升。     

近似完全重构DFT调制滤波器组的设计

提出了一种新的近似完全重构（NPR）离散傅立叶变换（DFT）调制滤波器组的原型滤波器设计方法。其优化的目标函数由滤波器组的输出混叠、输出失真及原型滤波器的阻带能量所导出。在此设计方法中,利用DFT调制滤波器组的特殊结构合理简化了滤波器组的输出混叠,输出失真。原型滤波器的设计最终被转化为一个简单的非线性优化问题。与目前的DFT调制滤波器组的设计方法相比,该方法提供了相当大的灵活性同时具有简单的优化描述。仿真结果证实了所提出的设计方法的有效性。     

线性相位NPR DFT滤波器组设计

提出了一种具有不同分析和综合原型滤波器的线性相位过采样NPR DFT调制滤波器组的设计方法。根据滤波器组在子带混叠、系统输出混叠、系统失真三方面的要求,推导并给出了相应的设计算法。不同的分析、综合原型滤波器的使用增加了设计自由度,可以有效改善滤波器组的整体性能。另外,由于考虑了线性相位约束,滤波器组的通带平坦性约束变得更为简单,简化了设计算法。     

FBMC/OQAM系统中基于子空间的信道估计算法

针对滤波器组多载波偏移幅度调制（FBMC/OQAM）系统中基于传统导频结构的信道估计方法估计精确度不高、频谱利用率低的问题,提出一种基于子空间的盲信道估计算法。区别于传统的子空间方法,该算法通过空间上的接收分集技术引入数据冗余进行盲信道估计,不需要发送导频序列,从而提高了频谱利用率。仿真结果表明,该算法可以有效地估计信道且估计性能优于传统导频方法。     

FBMC系统中原型滤波器的迭代设计算法

基于滤波器组的多载波系统的整体性能完全由一个原型滤波器决定,例如频率选择特性、符号间干扰和信道间干扰。为构建近似完全重构的多载波系统,提出了一种迭代算法来设计原型滤波器。该算法将设计问题归结为一个无约束的优化问题,其目标函数为符号间干扰、信道间干扰以及原型滤波器阻带能量的加权和。通过推导目标函数的梯度向量和海森矩阵,采用修正牛顿算法来迭代优化原型滤波器,每次迭代更新中,原型滤波器都是通过闭合公式求解,因此算法的计算复杂度很低。仿真实验表明,与已有的设计算法相比,所提出的算法提高了系统的整体性能。     

基于余弦调制的二维LP-NPR滤波器组设计

二维滤波器组通常用于图像处理中,而图像子带编码希望滤波器组同时也具有线性相位（LP）特性。提出了一种基于一类新余弦调制系统的二维线性相位-近似完全重构（LP-NPR）滤波器组的设计方法,设计过程分为两个步骤：首先采用Parks-McClellan算法来计原型滤波器,再经过余弦调制能到一系列的线性相位分析和综合滤波器,从而可以构造一维LP-NPR滤波器组;然后利用树状结构来结合两个一维LP-NPR滤波器组,并运用单位模变换,可以得到二维不可分离LP-NPR滤波器组。实验结果表明此方法是可行的,所设计的滤波器组可达到令人满意的重构精度。     

认知无线电协作频谱感知机制的优化

频谱感知的目标是在尽量避免对主用户造成干扰的条件下为感知用户提供尽可能多的频谱接入机会。由于单用户频谱检测算法的局限性,协作频谱感知被提了出来。在满足对主用户干扰限度的条件下,为了使单个授权信道的频谱感知效率达到最大,引入一种新的协作频谱感知机制,联合优化包括感知时间、传输时间、参与协作的感知用户数目在内的感知参数,并通过穷尽搜索算法得到最优解。在此基础上研究了多个授权信道情况下的频谱感知效率问题,提出了一种授权信道选择分配方案。仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。     

认知无线电中子谱缺失下的似然恢复算法

在使用滤波器组对信号频谱进行分割、插空的过程中,如果用户信号频谱带宽大于空余频带的总和或者插空信道出现强干扰,用户的信号检测会受到干扰。针对该问题,提出一种子谱缺失下的似然恢复算法。结合频谱分割技术,构建子谱缺失场景下的等效信道模型,并采用自适应似然信号恢复算法抑制非理想信道的干扰。仿真结果表明,该算法能够有效恢复失真信号,改善认知无线电中子谱缺失下的信号检测性能。     

Theory and design of two-dimensional DFT modulated filter bank with arbitrary modulation and decimation matrices

It is well known that two-dimensional (2D) filter bank is far removed from a straightforward extension of one-dimensional (1D) filter bank. There are many challenging problems on the theory and design methods for the 2D filter bank. Among these problems, the perfect-reconstruction (PR) theory of the 2D DFT modulated filter bank with arbitrary modulation and decimation matrices remains an unsolved difficulty, which is the focus of this paper. The necessary and sufficient condition for perfect reconstruction (PR) is derived by using the polyphase decomposition of the analysis and synthesis filters, as well as the fast implementation structure of the filter bank. Then, the PR condition in frequency domain is transformed into a set of quadratic equations with respect to the prototype filter (PF), which is utilized to formulate the design problem into an unconstrained optimization problem. An efficient iterative algorithm is proposed to solve the problem. Numerical examples are included to verify the validity of the PR condition and the effectiveness of the design method.     

Optimal user scheduling and power control in multi-user cognitive broadcast systems

Cognitive radio systems should not only have the ability to sense and exploit "frequency spectrum holes",but also the ability to sense and utilize "spatial spectrum holes".In this paper,we consider the issue of maximizing the throughput of the cognitive systems by fully utilizing "spatial spectrum holes" brought in by multiple cognitive users,in the scenario where a pair of licensed users and a cognitive broadcast system share multiple spectrum bands.By exploiting the channel reciprocity under the premise that the licensed system adopts the time-division-duplexing (TDD) mode,we propose a more practical cognitive access scheme that can sense the interference at the licensed user caused by the cognitive transmitter,based on the existing feedback signals from the licensed user to the licensed base station.Taking both interferences from the licensed base station to the cognitive receiver and from the cognitive transmitter to the licensed user into consideration,we investigate the optimal user scheduling and power allocation scheme that can maximize the ergodic sum rate of the cognitive system.We show that scheduling the user whose channel gain to interference and noise ratio (CGINR) is the largest for each frequency band is optimal.We also derive the dynamic power allocation scheme meeting the three practical constraints,i.e.,the transmitter’s average transmission power constraint,the power amplifier’s instantaneous transmission power constraint,and the interference power constraint at the licensed user.The result shows that in different coherent time intervals and different frequency bands,the power allocation has a multi-level waterfilling structure.Theoretical analysis shows that the strategy scheduling user with the largest CGINR introduces significant performance improvement compared with the traditional strategy scheduling user with the largest channel gain to noise ratio (CGNR).We also illustrate the impact of power constraints and the number of users on system performance by simulation.     

一种新型面向频谱高利用率的认知MAC协议

认知无线电是无线访问领域出现的新技术,目的在于大幅度提高无线频谱的使用.其基本思想是:次用户(非授权用户)在不干扰主用户(授权用户)的条件下允许使用授权频谱.提出一种新的基于独占模式的认知MAC协议.在该协议中,次用户被划分为若干不重叠的组,每个组使用特定的拍卖算法来对其需要租用的信道进行投标.实验表明,这种新协议能够最大化利用频谱资源,并且保证信道在组间分配的公平性和动态性.     

RAC: Range Adaptive Cognitive Radio Networks

In recent years, cognitive radio has received a great attention due to tremendous potential to improve the utilization of the radio spectrum by efficiently reusing and sharing the licensed spectrum bands, as long as the interference power inflicted on the primary users of the band remains below a predefined threshold level. Cognitive radio allows the secondary users in the cognitive radio network to access the licensed spectrum of the primary users opportunistically. In this paper, an autonomous distributed adaptive transmission range control scheme for cognitive radio networks which is called the RAC is proposed. The RAC considers the QoS requirements of both the primary and the secondary users simultaneously. The cognitive user's maximization of its achievable throughput without interfering the primary user by adapting transmission range of the secondary users dynamically is the key feature of the RAC. One of the advantages of using the proposed scheme is its implementation simplicity. The RAC is compared to other cognitive radio schemes in a simulation environment by using ns2. Simulations indicate that, the RAC can well fit into the mobile cognitive radio ad hoc networks and improve the network performance. Having compared to the other schemes utilizing contemporary cognitive radio technology, the RAC provides better adaptability to the environment and maximizes throughput and minimizes data delivery latency.     

基于QPSO的两通道正交镜像滤波器组的优化设计*

通过分析两通道正交镜像滤波器组的重构条件,提出了一种新的两通道正交镜像滤波器(QMF)组的设计方法,将完全重构的两通道QMF组的设计问题转换为由原型低通滤波器在通带、阻带和过渡带幅频响应的均方误差加权和组成的一种无约束的非线性优化问题,用量子粒子群优化算法(QPSO)来有效求解该类优化问题,获得该问题的全局最优解.最后...