A STUDY OF THE FLOTATION OF OXIDIZED AHASRA COAL

ABSTRACT

The flotation of oxidized Amasra Coal which was collected between 1973–1978 and, stored in the atmospheric conditions was examined In this work. Coal samples were fractioned by wet screening to +0.560 mm, ?0.500 + 0.140 mm, ?0.140 mm particle sizes and first fraction was ground to ?0.560 mm before flotation. Motorin and pine oil which had been heated at 125° C for 5 hours were used ns flotation reagents. The influence of impeller speed, aeration rate, solid concent of the pulp, reagent amounts were examined and optimum values were determined. Increase of the pine oil amount added to the pulp, increased the coal. recovery on the flotation of this oxidized coal.     

THE INCREASE OF EFFICIENCY OP PINE OIL BY HEATING AND USAGE IN THE FLOTATION OF OXIDIZED AHASRA COAL

The effect of heating temperature and time on the efficiency of pine oil was examined in the flotation of oxidized Amasra Coal in this work. Samples were taken from waste heap Amasra Coal which were collected in 1973-1978 and stored in atmospheric conditions. The optimized impeller speed was 1000 rpm, aeration rate was 35 ml/s and solid content of the pulp was 20% in the flotation tests. Motorin was added to the pulp as a collector. The pine oil was heated to 50^°C, 75^°C, 106^°C, 125^°C, 150^°C, 175^°C, 200^°C and used as a frother. The flotation resulta indicated that 125^°C was suitable temperature for heating. Increasing the heating time increased the efficiency of pine oil. The recovery of combustibles also Increased depending on the increase in the amount of oil heated for 5 hours at 125^°C.     

THE INCREASE OF EFFICIENCY OP PINE OIL BY HEATING AND USAGE IN THE FLOTATION OF OXIDIZED AHASRA COAL

ABSTRACT

The effect of heating temperature and time on the efficiency of pine oil was examined in the flotation of oxidized Amasra Coal in this work. Samples were taken from waste heap Amasra Coal which were collected in 1973–1978 and stored in atmospheric conditions. The optimized impeller speed was 1000 rpm, aeration rate was 35 ml/s and solid content of the pulp was 20% in the flotation tests. Motorin was added to the pulp as a collector. The pine oil was heated to 50^°C, 75^°C, 106^°C, 125^°C, 150^°C, 175^°C, 200^°C and used as a frother. The flotation resulta indicated that 125^°C was suitable temperature for heating. Increasing the heating time increased the efficiency of pine oil. The recovery of combustibles also Increased depending on the increase in the amount of oil heated for 5 hours at 125^°C.     

ENRICHMENT OF GAS-FLAMING COAL BY THE AGGREGATIVE FLOTATION METHOD

Aggregative flotation tests of gas-flaming coal were carried out in a laboratory flotation machine and a flotation column. Aggregation of coal feeds was carried out using as a collector unemulsified and emulsified kerosene at dosages of 130 and 10 kg/t, respectively. The results of the aggregative flotation showed that it is possible to beneficate gas-flaming coal at a huge dosage of the collector, the flotation response of which is very low. Preemulsification of kerosene caused a distinct decrease of its consumption. The efficiency of aggregative flotation of coal was higher in the flotation machine; however, the flotation selectivity of the finest feeds (-0.13 and -0.23 mm) in the column was a little better. The influence of the size of coal grains on coal recovery and ash reduction both in the flotation machine and flotation column was interpreted as dependent on the decrease of the contact plane of aggregates formed by coal grains with air bubbles and on the size of these aggregates.     

ENRICHMENT OF GAS-FLAMING COAL BY THE AGGREGATIVE FLOTATION METHOD

Abstract

Aggregative flotation tests of gas-flaming coal were carried out in a laboratory flotation machine and a flotation column. Aggregation of coal feeds was carried out using as a collector unemulsified and emulsified kerosene at dosages of 130 and 10 kg/t, respectively. The results of the aggregative flotation showed that it is possible to beneficate gas-flaming coal at a huge dosage of the collector, the flotation response of which is very low. Preemulsification of kerosene caused a distinct decrease of its consumption. The efficiency of aggregative flotation of coal was higher in the flotation machine; however, the flotation selectivity of the finest feeds (?0.13 and ?0.23 mm) in the column was a little better. The influence of the size of coal grains on coal recovery and ash reduction both in the flotation machine and flotation column was interpreted as dependent on the decrease of the contact plane of aggregates formed by coal grains with air bubbles and on the size of these aggregates.     

EXTRACTION ENHANCEMENT OF COAL THROUGH CHEMICAL REACTIONS WITH CETENE AND CETANOL IN THE ANTHRACENE OIL UNDER ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE CONDITIONS

Assam coal has been reacted with cetene or cetanol in anthracene oil. These reactions were attempted to alkylate the coal in the absence of a catalyst under the conditions of extractive disintegration of coal. Coal derived chemicals were used in the reactions as far as possible. The reactions resulted in enhancing the extractability of coal in quinoline by more than 70-90%. These reactions resulted in the alkylation of coal and increase of carbon contents in coal along with the addition of nitrogenous bases from anthracene oil to coal.     

汤原断陷煤成油地球化学特征

汤原断陷下第三系地层几年天然气勘探中发现了煤成油显示,展示该断陷具有煤成烃的勘探前景。应用有机地球化学和有机岩石学分析技术,结合地质研究认识,探讨了汤原断陷下第三系煤系烃源岩的发育特征及生烃条件,研究了煤成油的有机地球化学性质和生源特征,建立了煤成油和油源岩的关系,对指导汤原断陷下步煤成烃勘探有实际意义。     

RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF COAL OIL MIXTURES: INFLUENCE OF COAL PROPERTIES

The effect of coal properties on the rheological properties of coal oil mixtures (COM) has been studied. Coal samples having different ash and moisture contents have been used to study the effect of these components on rheological properties of coal oil mixtures. It has been observed that coals having higher ash content give rise to less viscous coal oil mixtures and viscosity of the COM decreases as moisture content of coal is reduced.     

RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF COAL OIL MIXTURES: INFLUENCE OF COAL PROPERTIES

ABSTRACT

The effect of coal properties on the rheological properties of coal oil mixtures (COM) has been studied. Coal samples having different ash and moisture contents have been used to study the effect of these components on rheological properties of coal oil mixtures. It has been observed that coals having higher ash content give rise to less viscous coal oil mixtures and viscosity of the COM decreases as moisture content of coal is reduced.     

西北地区侏罗系煤系油气田的形成条件与分布规律

煤系油气田的形成是一定的构造、沉积与生烃母质富集、成熟与油气有效排出等因素在时空间配置组合而形成的产物.西北地区侏罗系煤系油气田形成必不可少的条件是：①侏罗系原盆地应存在,发育有完整的生储盖组合;②原始沉积环境呈低缓洼地,并具备潮湿气候,有利于近湖低位沼泽与大量易生烃母质的发育和堆积;③后续盆地要继承发展,以保持源岩递进性受热并熟化;④源岩成熟后的构造挤压是油气有效排驱的主要动力.煤系油气田在平面上沿着与源岩同期的湖岸线内侧分布,位于有油源断层切割,收缩量适中,破坏较弱的区带.剖面上则集中于生烃门限上下.其中构造-岩性与岩性型油气藏占有重要比例.     

煤焦油全馏分加氢原料预处理及副产物利用研究

以研究煤焦油改质工艺开发与应用为目标,选择由甲苯和正庚烷组成的二元混合溶剂对原料焦油进行改质处理,得到净焦油与煤沥青。结果表明,在甲苯/正庚烷质量比为0.5:1、剂油质量比为1.5:1、温度为70 ℃的条件下,对原料焦油进行萃取精制,焦油中灰分含量由1.89%降至0.03%,甲苯不溶物 (TI) 含量由9.56%降至0.31%,正庚烷不溶物（HI）含量由15.26%降至4.09%,残炭由4.07%降至0.39%,净焦油收率为83.2%。所得净焦油可尝试作为煤焦油全馏分加氢原料。同时,将副产物煤沥青与抚顺页岩油沥青按照不同质量比进行了掺混,试验发现,当煤沥青掺入量（w）为10%时,所得调合沥青的性能均达到重交通道路石油沥青AH-90标准,可用作重交通道路沥青。     

煤成油研究历史和我国煤成油田勘探方向

煤成油早期研究始于１８世纪的俄罗斯学者罗蒙诺索夫。之后西方学者Ｒｏｇｅｒｓ、Ｂｅｒｔｒａｎｄ等先后发表过有关论述。近代我国煤成油研究可能始于１９３３年王竹泉、林文英、谢家荣等分别考察鄂尔多斯盆地和浙江长兴地区。５０年代以来，世界各地陆续在含煤岩系探获石油。８０年代后，对煤成油的研究和认识获得较大的进展，形成了含煤岩系内能够形成油田的共识。我国一批科研机构、知名专家和青年学者，在煤生油显微组分、模拟实验、有机地化、成烃模式、煤沼演化与煤成油田形成模式等方面，提出了一些创见性的认识，将我国煤成油研究推到一个较高的水平。目前研究中还存在一些有争议的问题：含煤岩系内形成油田的主要贡献者是煤层还是泥岩？在低成熟条件下能否形成煤成油田？对此类争议应予以足够的重视，展开深入的讨论，煤成油研究才可能进一步发展。参１９（梁大新摘）     

煤成油田问题讨论

在世界上,含煤岩系中是否存在以煤岩为主要贡献组分而形成的油田？在煤岩的分类中,有腐殖煤和腐泥煤之分。本文通过对世界煤成油研究史的考察,指出了腐泥煤不但能生油,而且生成的油能形成煤成油田;但是,迄今为止,还没有发现没有争议的以腐殖煤为主要贡献组分而形成的油田。      

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煤层气藏主要出现在晚古生代以来的几个成煤期,分布在大陆板块相对稳定区带的沉积构造盆地。煤层气的勘探开发方式与石油、常规天然气及煤炭虽有相近之处,但各成体系各有其法,煤层气勘探开发技术已经形成以地面垂向钻井开采为特征的现代煤层气勘探开发技术体系。我国煤层气产业刚刚崛起,已经实现了勘探试验的突破,开始进入区域勘探阶段。我国煤层气资源极为丰富,开发前景极为广阔,应当制定二十一世纪煤层气工业的发展目标和规划,合理布局整体部署,制定鼓励煤层气工业发展的政策,加大对煤层气勘探开发的投入,同时还应当积极对外合作,坚持科技进步,坚持依法勘探开发。     

EXTRACTION ENHANCEMENT OF COAL THROUGH CHEMICAL REACTIONS WITH CETENE AND CETANOL IN THE ANTHRACENE OIL UNDER ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE CONDITIONS

ABSTRACT

Assam coal has been reacted with cetene or cetanol in anthracene oil. These reactions were attempted to alkylate the coal in the absence of a catalyst under the conditions of extractive disintegration of coal. Coal derived chemicals were used in the reactions as far as possible. The reactions resulted in enhancing the extractability of coal in quinoline by more than 70–90%. These reactions resulted in the alkylation of coal and increase of carbon contents in coal along with the addition of nitrogenous bases from anthracene oil to coal.     

煤和陆源有机质生油岩有机岩石学特点及评价

煤和陆源有机质生油岩是我国第三类主要的生油岩，其中的有机质以高等植物来源为主。由于其明显不同于海相和湖相腐泥型生油岩，在常规性油岩有机地球化学评价中易低估其生油潜力。根据对我国煤和陆源有机质生油岩的对比分析，本文从有机岩石学角度认识和分析了这类生油岩的 特点，生油组分组成和演化，并提出煤和陆源有机质生油岩有机岩石学评价方法。     

有机显微组份成熟度特征与煤成油气期评价

作者根据煤中主要显微组份的反射率分布特征,对煤成烃作用和煤成油气生成期进行了评价.有机显微组份的光性演化与油气生成有着一定的相关性,它们的组合特征又可对油气生成期作出评价.本文对中国南方龙潭煤系南桐煤田的煤成烃进行了详细研究.      

费托合成催化剂SFT418的工业应用

中国神华煤制油化工有限公司开发的新一代浆态床铁系费托合成反应催化剂SFT418，首次应用于新建的180 kt/a煤间接液化装置，生产出合格的费托合成轻质油、重质油、重质蜡和合成水。在装置运行过程中，在预处理单元活化催化剂，输送到合成单元，成功进行催化剂在线置换。装置第二次平稳连续运转1 113 h，催化剂的C5+油品时空产率稳定在1.0 h-1, CO2的选择性低于20 %（摩尔分数），CH4的选择性1.5%～3.5 %（摩尔分数），精制重质蜡的铁含量低于5 ?g/g，表明SFT418催化剂能够满足工业运转的要求。     

LIQUEFACTION AND THE CHARACTERIZATION OF COAL DERIVED LIQUIDS OF MENGEN LIGNITE

ABSTRACT

The liquefaction characteristics of Mengen lignite has been investigated in the presence of cobalt-molybdenum on alumina catalyst in a 1 lt batch autoclave system with anthracene oil used as solvent. The experiments were carried out in the range of 15–60 atm for initial hydrogen pressure, 360–440°C for reaction temperature, 1–5 for solvent to coal ratio and 0–20% of coal for catalyst loading which were chosen as process variables. Coal particle size and reaction time were kept constant as below 200 mesh and 30 minutes respectively, (Erdem 1987)

The product was analyzed in terms of total conversion, liquid yield and liquid product distribution determined as preasphaltenes, asphaltenes and oils. The oil fraction was further separated by column chromatography while the asphaltenes were separated into basic and acid/neutral fractions. The preasphaltenes were divided into two fractions as carbene (CS₂ solubles) and carboid (CS₂ insolubles). (Inanç 1989)

The oil yield is mostly affected by the catalyst loading which shows to a certain extent that the conversion of asphaltenes to oils is a catalytic step. The selected process variables showed a positive trend with respect to the yield of hexane eluted oil which is the desired product of liquefaction.     

二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼的抗氧化性及摩擦学性能研究

利用曲轴箱模拟试验对润滑油添加剂二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼(MoDTC)抗氧化性进行考察,采用红外光谱（FT-IR）及能谱分析仪(EDS)对氧化油样和铝板沉积物进行了表征。利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了曲轴箱试验前后油样摩擦学性能,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、EDS分析了磨损表面形貌及元素组成。结果表明：添加剂MoDTC在中低温环境下具有良好的抗氧化性能,可有效提高油品氧化安定性;高温环境下,含添加剂油样的抗氧化性能随添加量增加呈现先降低后增大的变化趋势;铝板沉积物量随MoDTC添加量增大呈先增加后减少的趋势,元素分析结果表明,MoDTC分解产物是铝板沉积物的重要组成部分;试验条件下,氧化降低了MoDTC添加剂的减摩性能和极压性能,对抗磨性则有明显提高。