大方坯轴承钢GCr15凝固传热数值模拟

以某钢厂断面尺寸为280 mm×320 mm大方坯轴承钢GCr15为研究对象,借助ProCAST软件,建立了二维大方坯凝固传热模型,研究了拉速、比水量、过热度等工艺参数对铸坯凝固过程的影响,同时通过对铸坯中心固相率的研究,确定了与末端电磁搅拌位置、轻压下区间相匹配的最优拉速。结果表明,拉速的变化对铸坯中心固相率、凝固终点位置的影响最大,比水量的影响较大,过热度的影响最小;拉速每增加0.1 m/min,凝固终点平均增加1.97 m,二冷比水量每增加0.1 L/Kg,凝固终点平均减小0.82 m,过热度每增加10 ℃,凝固终点平均增加0.27 m。最佳拉速为0.85 m/min,此拉速下末端电磁搅拌位置和轻压下区间与铸坯合理的中心固相率相匹配。     

连铸工艺参数对板坯凝固终点的影响

以Q235钢为试验对象,利用射钉法在铸坯1/4位置处测量出230 mm×1 510 mm断面在1.05 m/min拉速下的坯壳厚度,以此为基础,优化凝固计算模型,确定液相穴长度及凝固终点,并验证了铸机预报结果;通过计算结果分析连铸拉速、浇铸过热度及二冷比水量等工艺参数对连铸板坯的凝固终点位置的影响,得到了液芯长度与拉速、比水量等工艺参数之间的拟合关系,从而获得铸坯的凝固规律,为铸坯凝固末端轻压下及电磁搅拌技术的应用提供了有效的依据。     

圆坯连铸温度场模拟

耦合温度场和流场 ,建立了圆坯连铸铸坯温度场的二维稳态柱坐标数学模型。用该模型模拟了国内某钢铁公司Φ178mm圆坯连铸铸坯内温度场分布 ,以渐变色形式模拟显示了圆坯连铸铸坯中心断面温度场分布 ;在温度场的基础上 ,模拟了铸坯凝固壳的厚度变化 ;模拟显示了结晶器内的钢液流动 ;采用铸坯传热数学模型在不同拉速及过热度下进行计算 ,系统分析了拉速及过热度对凝固末端位置、出结晶器坯壳厚度的影响。凝固末端位置的计算结果与现场实测结果一致 ,从而证明了模型的合理性。本研究模拟出的温度场分布和铸坯坯壳厚度 ,为优化工艺参数 ,提高铸坯质量提供了理论依据     

连铸圆坯凝固末端电磁搅拌位置及工艺参数优化

通过有限元模拟对包钢圆坯铸机连铸过程钢液凝固过程进行分析,确定了凝固末端电磁搅拌的安装位置。采用瞬态磁场分析方法,分析了凝固末端电磁搅拌过程中铸坯内部的磁感应强度、电磁力的分布,并对凝固末端电磁搅拌的工艺参数进行了优化。通过优化计算,在拉速为0.45m/min,比水量为0.18L/kg,过热度为25℃的工艺条件下,430mm铸坯凝固末端的电磁搅拌工艺参数:电流为250A,最佳频率为10Hz。现场对搅拌器内部磁感应强度进行冷态测试,测试结果和模拟结果相符合。     

动态二冷配水在方坯连铸机上的应用

合理的动态二冷配水能有效地提高铸坯质量,也是连铸过程中重要的控制环节。某钢厂由于过热度控制比较差,导致铸坯表面温度和凝固末端位置变化很大,影响铸坯质量。通过使用“等效拉速”和“凝固模型控制”相结合的方法,调整不同过热度情况下各个冷却分区的水量,保证在稳定的拉速,不同过热度的情况下,铸坯表面温度和凝固末端位置稳定。     

82B小方坯凝固组织和偏析预测模型开发及应用

基于国内某厂82B小方坯连铸生产过程,使用ProCAST软件建立82B小方坯铸坯横断面宏观偏析模型,从温度场、坯壳厚度和凝固组织3个方面验证该模型的正确性,通过该模型研究连铸参数(拉速、比水量和过热度)对铸坯横断面宏观偏析的影响。模拟结果表明,82B连铸坯中心偏析随拉速和过热度的增加而增大,而比水量对中心偏析的影响较小。减轻铸坯中心偏析的关键在于控制铸坯拉速和过热度,因此为了保证铸坯中心碳偏析不高于1.10,应控制铸坯拉速低于2.64 m/min,过热度不高于10 ℃。     

不锈钢板坯连铸过程中温度场及凝固的研究

采用有限元法计算了不锈钢板坯在连铸凝固过程中温度场及坯壳的生长随时间的变化.讨论了拉速、过热度、二冷区水量对温度场及凝固末端位置的影响.结果表明,影响铸坯温度场和凝固末端位置的主要因素是拉速,而过热度的影响较小.     

连铸坯凝固末端电磁搅拌位置及连铸工艺优化

为了预测180 mm×220 mm轴承钢方坯的凝固末端位置,对国内某厂方坯连铸机开展射钉试验,并基于Thercast模拟仿真研究了连铸工艺参数(过热度、冷却强度、拉速)对凝固末端位置的研究。结果表明,在过热度20 ℃、拉速0.85 m/min下,180 mm×220 mm轴承钢方坯的凝固终点距离弯月面11.39 m,而末端电磁搅拌位置在11.40 m,无法充分发挥末端电磁搅拌的作用。根据射钉试验、Thercast仿真结果、设备条件、生产节奏等因素对连铸工艺进行了优化,适当降低结晶器水和足辊水量,保持其他参数不变。连铸坯低倍质量表明,工艺优化前铸坯中心存在疏松缩孔,工艺优化后中心疏松为1级、中心偏析为0级,满足质量要求。此外,通过9点法检验了工艺优化后的铸坯碳极差,其值不高于0.12%,满足质量要求。     

连铸工艺参数对薄板坯热应力的影响

采用ANSYS软件对薄板坯连铸机漏斗型结晶器内钢液的凝固过程进行模拟,分析拉坯过程中坯壳的热应力状况,并引入了成裂指数的概念.研究表明,当拉速为4.0 m/min,过热度在14℃时,铸坯越接近结晶器出口时,裂纹越易产生于坯壳宽面中心位置;过热度对薄板坯在结晶器内热应力场的分布影响不大;在钢液凝固初期,适当提高拉速有利于减少角部产生裂纹的可能性.     

连铸坯凝固过程的数值模拟研究

研究了拉速和过热度相关工艺参数对铸坯温度场的影响规律,利用Fluent软件模拟石油套管用钢37Mn5铸坯的连铸凝固过程,分析了连铸坯凝固传热过程的温度场。讨论了不同过热度和拉坯速度条件下铸坯温度场的分布情况。总结了连铸圆坯凝固过程的传热特点,优化了工艺参数。结果表明,优化后的工艺参数可以指导生产实践。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.