污水回用——解决城市缺水危机的有效途径

面对日益严峻的水资源形势，污水回用是解决城市和工业用水短缺的一条有效途径。此措施既开辟了新的水源，又减少了对水环境的污染，还可产生巨大的经济效益和环境效益，是解决水危机问题的战略性举措。简要介绍了国内外污水回用的历史与发展现状，较全面地论述了城市污水回用的主要途径、可能存在的问题及相应解决方法；并从混凝沉淀、生物过滤、消毒处理、活性碳吸附和膜分离技术等几个方面，对污水深度处理和方法作了简述；最后对其经济效益进行了分析。特别阐明了在最大限度地对城市污水进行再生利用的同时，必须结合当地实际情况选用适当回用方法。     

试析住宅小区污水回用系统的经济效益

<正> 一、引言在住宅小区内设置污水净化回用系统是节约城市用水、保护水资源的有效措施。由于全球性的水资源短缺,污水回用技术已在世界上许多国家和地区得到了应用。据报导,目前在美国、苏联、南非和印度等国已有规模不等的城市污水回用系统投入使用;在日本各地已建成投入使用的各类住宅小区污水回用系统已接近500处。目前随着一系列技术、政策问题的解决,住宅小区污     

邯郸市东污水处理厂污水回用工程介绍

介绍了邯郸市东污水处理厂污水回用工程的基本情况 ,在分析回用水用户特点的基础上 ,确定了回用水水质、水量及供应方式 ,工艺采用过滤 氯消毒。运行实践表明该工艺处理效果达标 ,经济效益优良。     

浅析天津石化公司的污水回用

天津石化公司污水回用工程生产的回用产，不仅应用在生活杂用水场合，而且已成功应用在工业循环水系统，取得了显著的经济效益，环境效益和社会效益。     

某钢铁公司污水回用工程设计与运行分析

对某钢铁公司近几年的污水回用运行实践进行了研究,介绍了回用水站的工艺特点,结合污水的水质波动与运行控制对产水水质的影响,分析运行中出现的问题与解决措施,提出实现污水低成本稳定回用的先决条件为:污水来源受控、准确的水质检测分析、及时的操作调整和设备设施维护到位,最后对污水资源化发展前景进行了展望。     

石家庄市民心河污水回用的工程实践

介绍了石家庄市民心河工程和石家庄市桥西污水处理厂的概况,提出了解决环境用水和生产生活用水矛盾的一种方法--污水回用.从实际情况出发,在对原有的二级生化污水处理厂进行了挖潜改造的基础上,结合污水回用的目的、方向及用途提出了一套简易可行的处理工艺,同时兼顾了较低的运行成本和较大的灵活性.该工程的深度处理工艺具有成熟可靠、运行稳定、操作灵活、自动化水平高等特点,为污水回用在实际工程中应用作了有益的尝试并取得了良好的效果.     

大庆市东城区污水处理厂出水回用分析

大庆市属于严重缺水型城市之一，污水回用可替代出大量的新鲜水源，文章通过对东城区给排水现状，规划概况及水环境，开发区，电厂，石化总厂用水分析，研究了污水经三级处理回用电厂，石化总厂的可行性。     

论实施可持续污水回用战略

在水资源短缺的情况下，污水资源化具有节约供水、改善环境和产生经济价值三方面的效益。虽然经过处理的污水在发达国家已经被较广泛地用于农业、工业、居民及社区的非饮用水和环境用水等诸多方面，而且越来越受到世界水行业的关注，但更广泛的污水回用仍存在一些障碍。制定可持续污水回用战略必须坚持一系列的基本原则，而且应从八个方面为实施可持续污水回用战略制定相应的行动计划。     

企业开展污水再生回用工作存在的主要问题及对策

我国水资源相当贫乏 ,污水再生回用是一项既缓解供水紧张状况 ,又可获得经济效益、减轻环境污染的良好措施。除市政府外 ,大型企业也可以开展此项工作。从目前情况看 ,企业开展污水再生回用工作实例较少 ,并在实施过程中存在资金、技术、认识水平、效益、配套设施等主要问题。通过分析指出 :发挥政府职能 ,转变用水观念 ,拓宽筹资渠道 ,开发回用水市场 ,降低成本等是企业解决此问题的有效对策和措施。同时对秦皇岛港务集团公司污水再生回用工作的成功实践进行了分析介绍。     

污水回用前景浅析

水资源使供需矛盾日益尖锐,必须开业节流,采取工程措施及生物措施相结合,保护水源,合理用水,节约用水,以水资源的可持续利用支撑经济社会的可持续发展,满足工、农业生产及人民生活用水日益增长的需要,污水回用是一个重要途径。文章就城市污水回用的意义、水质污染现状、城市污水回用的发展以及城市污水深度处理的流程及研究方向提出自己的观点。     

我国污水处理回用发展状况分析

我国的水污染形势严峻,水资源短缺问题十分突出;污水处理回用则是解决这一问题的切实有效措施。在简要讨论我国污水处理回用必要性的基础上,对我国污水处理回用的发展状况进行了全面阐述和分析,并对污水处理回用的发展前景作了展望。     

Research on wastewater reuse planning in Beijing central region.

The need to implement wastewater reuse in Beijing is discussed. Based on the investigation of the built wastewater reuse projects in Beijing, the differences between small wastewater reuse system and large systems were analyzed according to the technical, economical and social issues. The advantages and disadvantages of the small system and the large system were then given. In wastewater reuse planning in Beijing urban region, the large system was adopted. The rations of reclaimed water for difference land use type, including industrial reuse, municipal reuse, grass irrigation, and scenes water reuse were determined. Then according to the land use information in every block in central Beijing, using GIS techniques, the amounts of the reclaimed water needed in every block were calculated, and the main pipe system of reclaimed water was planned.     

城市水系统良性运作的节水减污技术关键

针对城市水质型水资源危机普遍存在的现象,通过对城市水系统运作现状问题及影响因素的分析,从"节水减污"的角度,就城市需水量预测、供水技术、污水回用与雨水利用等方面,探讨了城市水系统良性运作的关键技术,提出了管理技术的两点意见。     

利用小型污水处理设施和中水解决城镇水资源问题

水资源短缺和水环境污染已经成为城市和小城镇可持续发展的制约因素，中水回用则是解决这两个问题的重要举措。在调查分析了石家庄市水资源、污水处理和中水回用情况的基础上，回顾了污水处理和中水回用的发展历程，分析了中水回用的不同方法，以石家庄为例进行中水回用的经济效益分析。分析表明大力推行小型污水处理设施并进行中水回用是城市和小城镇水资源可持续发展的重要举措。     

Wastewater Reuse as Means to Optimize the Use of Water Resources in the West Bank

Abstract

The increase in demand for the limited raw water resources in the Palestinian Territories has led to the proposals for use of treated wastewater as one alternative for alleviating water shortages and for optimizing the use of water resources. Wastewater reuse is a multi-discipline and important element of water resources development. Wastewater usage releases high quality water for drinking and other purposes. Quantitative, economic, and social aspects related to wastewater reuse in the West Bank are discussed. Through analyses of the estimated cost and expected water quantities, the paper investigates the economic feasibility of wastewater reuse. Social acceptance is elicited by means of questionnaires, which have been applied to farmers and inhabitants in different areas of the West Bank. Wastewater reuse can compensate for about 10 percent of irrigated agriculture, which contributes 35 percent of the total value of the Palestinian agricultural sector. The paper presents an analysis of the main aspects of wastewater reuse and defines an approach to the beneficial use of wastewater as a component that should be considered in the strategy for the overall management of water resources in the Palestinian Territories.     

城市公共用水的节水和污水再生利用潜力分析

城市公共用水的管理与需求控制是城市水资源可持续利用的必然要求.基于终端用水分析原理,建立了公共用水部门节水与污水再生利用综合评估模型(MWUM模型).在此基础上,以北京市为例,分析了其公共用水潜力的结构、技术与经济特征.北京市公共各行业用水结构基本保持稳定,机关用水所占比重较大;节水率较大的宾馆和院校的单位节水成本最小,是城市公共节水的重点领域;污水再生利用的单位成本与节水成本具有可比性,节水与再生水利用应统筹考虑.     

Water reclamation, reuse and public health.

The number of people who have limited access to high-quality water has increased, and while this is a growing global crisis, water issues, problems and solutions are often seen as localised. Water reuse and reclamation will play a significant role in achieving sustainability and public health protection in the future. The wastewater and reuse community should be responsible for monitoring sewage impacts and improvements as demonstrated through pathogen reduction with appropriate treatment. Viruses, Cryptosporidium and Giardia can all be reduced during treatment anywhere from 99% to 99.9999%, achieving drinking water quality, if so desired. Recommendations to achieve better access to scientific information for decision making include: 1) developing a global data base for biological contaminant loading from wastewater and 2) defining the public health protection via reuse and reclamation.     

Urban and agricultural competition for water,and water reuse

Competition for water can be resolved by construction of more facilities for storing water in wet years for use in dry years, by weather modification, watershed management, urban and agricultural water conservation, reuse of sewage effluent and other wastewater, desalination of saline water, water banking and transfer of water rights or other changes in water use. Reuse of wastewater requires treatment so that the water meets the quality requirements for the intended reuse. Groundwater recharge and recovery can play an important role in the treatment and storage of wastewater for reuse—agricultural, urban, and industrial, as well as potable. Often, water shortages are only shortages of cheap and abundant water, and competition problems can be resolved by good planning and management if the public is willing to pay the price and to accept changes in water use.     

洗衣房废水的循环利用

结合近年国外洗衣房洗涤废水的循环利用研究成果,针对国内洗衣房洗涤废水现状,提出洗涤废水循环利用方案,对废水进行分质循环,只将漂洗二次和漂洗三次的水处理循环利用回洗涤和漂洗一次阶段。对洗涤废水进行了混凝沉淀实验研究,结果表明,混凝沉淀处理方法基本可以满足洗涤废水循环利用的要求。