基于EMD与功率谱分析的滚动轴承故障诊断方法研究

针对西部油田大型设备故障信号的非线性、非平稳特征,提出一种基于经验模态分解方法EMD（empirical mode decomposition）和功率谱的分析方法。首先对滚动轴承振动信号进行经验模态分解,然后对分解后包含轴承故障特征信息的固有模态函数分量作功率谱分析,得到各分量的功率谱图,清晰直观显示出故障特征信号的功率谱,从混有背景信号和噪声的振动信号中提取轴承故障信息。由于EMD方法具有自适应特性,适宜于非线性、非平稳信号的分解,该方法应用于滚动轴承的故障振动信号分析中,结果表明,该方法能够突出滚动轴承振动信号的故障特征,从而提高滚动轴承故障诊断的准确性。     

基于本征模态函数包络谱的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承故障振动信号非平稳的特征,以及传统傅里叶变换不能反映信号细节的缺陷,引入了一种基于本征模态函数包络谱的方法。首先,采用经验模态分解（empirical mode decomposition,EMD）将滚动轴承故障振动信号分解成若干个本征模态函数（intrinsic mode function,IMF）之和;然后,求出包含主要信息成分的IMF分量的Hilbert包络谱;最后,对照滚动轴承故障特征频率,进而判定故障类型。通过对滚动轴承内圈、外圈故障振动信号的分析处理,表明该方法能有效地提取滚动轴承的故障特征。     

Local fault detection in helical gears via vibration and acoustic signals using EMD based statistical parameter analysis

Gear is a vital transmission element, finding numerous applications in small, medium and large machinery. Excessive loads, speeds and improper operating conditions may cause defects on their bearing surfaces, thereby triggering abnormal vibrations in whole machine structures. This paper describes the implementation of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method for monitoring simulated faults using vibration and acoustic signals in a two stage helical gearbox. By using EMD method, a complicated signal can be decomposed into a number of intrinsic mode functions (IMF) based on the local characteristic time scale of the signal. Vibration and acoustic signals are decomposed to extract higher order statistical parameters. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of EMD based statistical parameters to diagnose severity of local faults on helical gear tooth. Kurtosis values from EMD and that obtained from vibration and acoustic signals are compared to demonstrate the superiority of EMD based technique.     

基于经验模态分解包络谱的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

针对滚动轴承故障振动信号的非平稳特征和传统包络分析法的缺陷,提出了一种基于经验模态分解包络谱的滚动轴承故障诊断方法.该方法首先采用经验模态分解将原始信号分解为若干个平稳的固有模态函数之和,然后求出包含主要故障信息的若干个固有模态函数分量的包络谱,再定义包络谱中故障特征频率处的幅值比为特征幅值比,最后以特征幅值比作为故障特征向量,输入神经网络,以神经网络的输出来判断滚动轴承的工作状态和故障类型.对滚动轴承内圈、外圈故障振动信号的分析结果表明,基于经验模态分解包络谱的故障诊断方法能有效地提取滚动轴承的故障特征.     

GEARBOX FAULTDIAGNOSIS BASED ON EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION

Time synchronous averaging of vibration data is a fundament technique for gearbox diagnosis. Currently, this technique relies on hardware tachometer to give phase synchronous information. Empirical mode decomposition (HMD) is introduced to replace time synchronous averaging of gearbox vibration signal. With it, any complicated dataset can be decomposed into a finite and often small number of intrinsic mode functions (IMF). The key problem is how to assure that vibration signals deduced by gear defects could be sifted out by HMD. The characteristic vibration signals of gear defects are proved IMFs, which makes it possible to utilize EMD for the diagnosis of gearbox faults. The method is validated by data from recordings of the vibration of a single-stage spiral bevel gearbox with fatigue pitting. The results show EMD is powerful to extract characteristic information from noisy vibration signals.     

基于混沌理论与SVM的内燃机振动信号趋势预测

针对内燃机振动信号信噪比低且呈非线性、非平稳的特性,提出将经验模态分解(emprical mode decomposition,简称EMD)相空间重构理论与支持向量机(support vector machine,简称SVM)相结合,实现内燃机振动监测数据的建模及预测.首先,将含噪声的振动信号经验模式分解,去掉主要干扰因素所对应的固有模态函数(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF)分量,再将剩余IMF分量进行重构,得到去噪声后振动信号时间序列;然后应用混沌理论,选择合适的嵌入维数和时间延迟对去噪后的振动信号时间序列进行相空间重构;最后采用SVM对其进行建模预测,并与径向基函数(radial basis function,简称RBF)神经网络的预测结果进行比较.试验数据表明,该方法能够预测内燃机振动信号的变化趋势,性能优于传统的分析方法,具有一定的工程实用性.     

基于EMD与峭度滤波的煤岩界面识别

煤岩界面识别问题一直是制约放煤自动化发展的一项关键问题,液压支架尾梁振动信号分析法是近年来发展较快的一种有效方法。该方法中煤和矸石信号在频域内存在差异是非常有用的信息,但因系统低频干扰较多且两种信号差异微弱,无法直接提取使用。通过对振动信号使用经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)得到多个固有模态分量(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF);以峭度为准则,选取煤和矸石差异最大的通道对信号重新合成;使用Hilbert边际谱分析煤、矸石的频域范围,以矸石频域特征区域求取带通滤波最优截止频率;对合成后的信号进行滤波。实验结果表明,该方法能够减少信号低频干扰、突出较高频成分,使煤与系统干扰的低频信号视为常态被屏蔽,而混入煤中的矸石较高频信号能够被及时识别,实现了煤岩界面识别的目的。     

基于经验模态分解的旋转机械振动信号滤波技术研究

把经验模态分解方法引入了旋转机械振动信号滤波领域,详细地解释了这种方法及其算法。通过对一个带高频毛刺干扰的振动信号的经验模态分解与本征模函数的组合,演示了基于经验模态分解的振动信号滤波的方法。把振动信号滤波前后的波形进行了比较,发现基于经验模态分解的信号滤波方法对振动信号滤波有较好的效果。     

基于内蕴分量建模的滚动轴承异音信号分析新方法

针对滚动轴承振动信号的非平稳时变特性,采用局域波和K-L信息量的分析方法首先把轴承的波形图通过局域波分解为多个内蕴分量,然后对参考波形图的内蕴分量以及待测波形图的内蕴分量进行K-L信息量的自回归(Autoregressive, AR) 建模,求出它们之间的残差方差,通过人工试验的方法来不断的修正AR模型,直到AR模型满足检测的准确率。通过以正常状态为参考状态,对滚动轴承实例在三种不同状态下进行了分析比较试验,结果证明该方法在滚动轴承异音探测以及分析方面可以达到用户预先设定的高准确度,具有很高的工程实用性。     

EMD模糊聚类法及在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

轴承故障是导致旋转机械失效的重要原因,故障诊断对保障轴承正常运行至关重要。文中提出经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,EMD)和模糊聚类相结合的滚动轴承故障诊断方法,以经验模态分解所得内禀模态函数能量值作为特征向量建立模糊关系矩阵,基于欧氏距离建立模糊相似矩阵,基于传递闭包法建立模糊等价矩阵,利用λ截矩阵实现聚类分析与模式识别。实例验证该方法可对不同故障状态的滚动轴承准确分类,实现故障诊断,诊断过程简单、准确、有效,具有一定的实用价值。     

Faulty bearing signal recovery from large noise using a hybrid method based on spectral kurtosis and ensemble empirical mode decomposition

Time–frequency analyses are commonly used to diagnose the health of bearings by processing vibration signals captured from the bearings. However, these analyses cannot be guaranteed to be robust if the bearing signals are overwhelmed by large noise. Ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) was developed from the popular empirical mode decomposition (EMD). However, if there is large noise, it may be difficult to recover impulses from large noise. In this paper, we develop a hybrid signal processing method that combines spectral kurtosis (SK) with EEMD. First, the raw vibration signal is filtered using an optimal band-pass filter based on SK. EEMD method is then applied to decompose the filtered signal. Various bearing signals are used to validate the efficiency of the proposed method. The results demonstrate that the hybrid signal processing method can successfully recover the impulses generated by bearing faults from the raw signal, even when overwhelmed by large noise.     

Bearing fault detection and diagnosis based on order tracking and Teager-Huang transform

The vibration signal of the run-up or run-down process is more complex than that of the stationary process. A novel approach to fault diagnosis of roller bearing under run-up condition based on order tracking and Teager-Huang transform (THT) is presented. This method is based on order tracking, empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and Teager Kaiser energy operator (TKEO) technique. The nonstationary vibration signals are transformed from the time domain transient signal to angle domain stationary one using order tracking. EMD can adaptively decompose the vibration signal into a series of zero mean amplitude modulation-frequency modulation (AM-FM) intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). TKEO can track the instantaneous amplitude and instantaneous frequency of the AM-FM component at any instant. Experimental examples are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The experimental results provide strong evidence that the performance of the Teager-Huang transform approach is better to that of the Hilbert-Huang transform approach for bearing fault detection and diagnosis. The Teager-Huang transform has better resolution than that of Hilbert-Huang transform. Teager-Huang transform can effectively diagnose the faults of the bearing, thus providing a viable processing tool for gearbox defect monitoring.     

应用EMD和双谱分析的故障特征提取方法

针对传统双谱分析从理论上仅能抑制高斯噪声,但对非高斯噪声无能为力的不足,提出了一种利用经验模式分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)和双谱分析的故障特征提取方法,并应用于滚动轴承故障诊断中。首先,对信号进行EMD分解;其次,利用能量相关法去除EMD分解过程中出现的伪本征模态分量(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF);最后,对得到的真实IMF进行双谱分析提取故障特征。仿真和实验结果表明,所提出的方法优于功率谱分析和传统双谱分析,能够更有效地提取强噪声背景下的机械故障特征信息,为滚动轴承的故障特征提取提供了一种新的方法。     

基于多特征参数和概率神经网络的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

针对滚动轴承故障振动信号的非平稳特性,提出了一种基于多特征参数和概率神经网络的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先利用经验模态分解（EMD）方法将采集到的滚动轴承原始振动信号分解为有限个固有模式函数（IMF）之和,然后提取表征故障信息的若干个IMF的能量、峭度和偏度作为概率神经网络的输入参数来进行故障分类。试验结果表明,该方法可以准确、有效地识别滚动轴承的工作状态和故障类型,是一种可行的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。     

基于经验模态分解的改进乘性噪声去除方法

乘性噪声往往由不理想的(时变的或非线性的)信道引起,它与信号是相乘的关系,因此难以消除。在乘性噪声消除应用背景下,引入同态变换去除噪声与信号的相倚性,将乘性噪声转化为加性噪声,并应用经验模态分解技术进一步研究受均匀分布白噪声污染的谐波信号及其同态变型的能量分布特性,据此建立起适用于乘性噪声去除的本征模函数幅值滤波新阈值准则。从而,形成基于经验模态分解的改进乘性噪声去除方法。结果表明,采用柔性阈值的改进算法对乘性噪声的去除效果最佳。而且,基于二阶多项式回归分析所构建的本征模函数幅值滤波阈值准则已经可以获得较高的源信号重建精度,过高的多项式阶次会导致本征模函数幅值滤波阈值与其实际噪声能量水平的失配,从而显著地降低算法的去噪性能。     

基于EMD和分形维数的转子系统故障诊断

提出了一种基于EMD方法和分形维数的转子系统故障诊断方法。利用EMD方法将转子振动信号进行分解,得到若干个基本模式分量,然后将包含主要故障信息的几个基本模式分量相加得到降噪后的转子振动信号,求得降噪后的转子振动信号的分形维数。试验数据的分析结果表明,在不同的故障状态下,采用EMD方法对转子振动信号降噪后求得的分形维数是不同的,从而可以通过分形维数的大小有效地判断转子系统的工作状态和故障类型。     

基于EMD与同态滤波解调的矿用齿轮箱故障诊断

针对矿用齿轮箱振动信号的特点,提出了一种基于经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)与同态滤波相结合的故障解调方法.利用EMD对某矿用皮带机齿轮箱故障信号进行分解,得到若干个本征模态函数(intrinsic mode functions,简称IMFs)分量,然后对其中较突出的IMFs进行同态滤波解调分析,提取出了频率为7.0Hz的调制故障信号.研究表明,EMD与同态滤波解调相结合是一种有效的齿轮箱故障诊断方法.     

基于EMD的轴承故障包络谱分析

首先对滚动轴承振动信号进行经验模态分解;然后对分解后包含故障特征信息的本征模函数做Hilbert包络谱分析,在得到的包络谱中,清晰显示出故障特征信号的包络谱.试验结果表明,通过联合经验模态分解和Hilbert包络谱分析,能有效地提取出滚动轴承信号的故障信息,进而判定出轴承的损伤部位.     

EMD方法在消除桥梁振动信号局部强干扰中的应用

在进行桥梁的健康监测和状态评估时,外界环境的影响常常会在采集的振动信号中形成局部强干扰,导致分析结果的严重失真。为解决这一问题,文中基于经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,EMD),提出一种信号强干扰的消除方法。首先利用EMD把一个时间序列的信号分解成不同时间尺度的本征模函数(intnnsic mode function,IMF)和残余项,然后采用合适的带通滤波器对前几个IMF进行滤波,在存在强干扰的区段,用滤波后的数据代替滤波前的数据,并使后几个IMF在相应区段的幅值为零,最后将所有的IMF及趋势项重新进行叠加,即得到消除强干扰后的信号,将该信号再次进行EMD分解,可得到一系列新的IMF,它与未消除干扰时信号的分解结果有显著差别。通过对实测南京桥有对讲机干扰的应变信号进行分析,结果表明该方法可行、有效。     

发电机组橡胶柱销联轴器异常振动噪声诊断

为诊断某型柴油发电机组产生的异常噪声故障,将经验模态分解方法(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)和Hilbert变换用于发电机主轴承的非平稳振动信号处理,有效提取了主轴承振动信号的时频特征,对机组振动噪声信号、发电机主轴承振动和轴系扭振信号进行了分析。诊断结果表明,由于柴油机激励下机组轴系扭振幅值过大,引起柱销联轴器橡胶件表面的相对运动,产生干摩擦作用力,导致机组轴系产生间歇性的异常振动噪声。该方法对旋转轴系部件摩擦引起的振动噪声故障诊断具有参考价值。