More reasons to adopt the five-factor model.

The authors (see record 1987-01218-001) respond to comments by M. M. Dachowski (see record 1988-04372-001) and N. G. Waller and Y. S. Ben-Porath (see record 1988-04405-001) on their 5-factor (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness) model of personality. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reply to the comments of Block and Ozer.

Replies to the comments of J. Block and D. J. Ozer (see record 1983-00123-001). The key issues in their argument are examined and found to be unpersuasive. The present authors' remarks are divided into 3 sections: conceptual issues, data-analytic issues, and broader issues in personality research and typological thinking. Additional empirical evidence is presented to bolster the contentions originally presented by the 2nd author et al (see record 1983-00168-001). (24 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Role of penile tumescence measurement in the behavioral treatment of sexual deviation: Issues of validity.

G. M. Farkas (see record 1979-26637-001) raised 3 specific issues concerning the validity of penile tumescence assessment of sexual arousal in the laboratory. Some of these issues were addressed in the present authors' (see record 1978-01511-001) original case study, and this reply to Farkas is intended to place the issues of validity in a broader perspective. While acknowledging the limitations of the erection measure, the authors see an important place for it in both the assessment and treatment of sexual disorders. (12 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Relation between typical intellectual engagement and openness: Comment on Goff and Ackerman (1992).

M. Goff and P. L. Ackerman (see record 1993-13529-001) identified a personality trait that they called "typical intellectual engagement." Typical intellectual engagement represents a departure from the common conceptualization of intelligence as maximal performance, and a measure of the construct correlates with measures of crystallized intelligence but not with a measure of fluid intelligence. In this article, the relation between typical intellectual engagement and the personality trait of Openness is examined. In analyzing the relations between Typical Intellectual Engagement and variables in the ability, personality, and achievement domains, and between Openness and variables in the ability, personality and achievement domains, little support for a distinction between typical intellectual engagement and openness was found. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A law–psychology dialogue: Are dramshop acts draconic?

Responds to comments made by J. F. Mosher (see record 1986-01083-001) concerning the present authors' (see record 1984-12497-001) study on the validity of blood-alcohol level estimations. Mosher's argument that the authors misinterpreted laws on dramshop liability is addressed, and several grounds on which this argument is based are found to be erroneous. Policy and ethical issues in the development of objective standards of intoxication are examined. (3 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reactions diagnosed.

Responds to comments of J. R. Bergan (see record 1989-10250-001), B. Y. Wong (see record 1989-10319-001), and G. Alessi (see record 1989-10243-001) on the article by the present author (see record 1989-10292-001). Four issues are discussed: conceptions of behavior focused on the individual's characteristics, norm-referenced vs process assessment, think-aloud analysis, and premature dissemination. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

About postmodernism: Reply to Gergen and others.

In his reply, M. B. Smith comments on the issues between K. J. Gergen (see record 1994-37275-001) and himself (see record 1994-37277-001) and replies to comments by R. L. Russell and M. D. Gaubatz (see record 1995-36714-001); B. Denner (see record 1995-36711-001); D. Mente (see record 1995-36713-001); and D. White and A. Wang (see record 1995-36716-001). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Behavioral Aspects of the Ecocrisis.

This item addresses natural resource depletion and comments that four articles in the American Psychologist's January 1972 edition [APA Task Force on Psychology, Family Planning, and Population Policy (see record 1990-56949-001); R. Buckhout (see record 1972-22841-001); S. H. Newman and M. F. Kelty (see record 1990-56950-001) and M. B. Smith (see record 1972-22844-001)] are heartening evidence of psychology's growing concern with ecology. All of these articles examined the issues of family planning and population density. Briefly, the task is to adjust humans to a world in which there is zero population growth, zero economic growth, and essentially perfect recycling. This author asserts that it would be helpful if APA formally resolved opposition to further growth in population and national product, as well as to reduce its paper consumption. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reply from Sommer and Sommer.

Responds to comments by H. L. Garber (see record 1985-24145-001), E. Furchtgott (see record 1985-24143-001), G. S. Bernstein (see record 1985-24133-001), K. Heskin (see record 1985-24148-001), and K. B. Carsrud (see record 1985-24136-001) on issues raised by the authors (see record 1984-10654-001) on the validity of research findings reported in textbooks. The hazards of unquestioning acceptance of appealing preliminary results and the need to exercise professional judgment in interpreting results are stressed. It is argued that textbooks in such core areas as developmental and abnormal psychology should be conservative in the facts they publish. The use of replication as a means of establishing validity is advocated. (7 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Evaluating counselor effectiveness: A critical review of rating scale instruments.

Critiques 6 frequently used counselor rating scales: the Counselor Rating Form (A. Barak and M. B. LaCrosse; see record 1976-07806-001), the Counselor Rating Form—Short Version (J. D. Corrigan and L. D. Schmidt; see record 1983-09385-001), the Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory, the Counselor Evaluation Inventory (J. D. Linden et al; see record 1966-04251-001), the Counselor Effectiveness Scale (A. E. Ivey, 1971), and the Counselor Effectiveness Rating Scale (D. R. Atkinson and G. Carskaddon; see record 1975-25352-001). The validity, reliability, and pragmatic utility of each scale are critically examined, and the frequency of scale use across 3 counseling journals is recorded for an 11-yr period (1974–1984). Reliability and validity issues are raised, and it is suggested that use of these instruments has been based more on convention than on sound psychometric evidence. (50 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Constructivism and socially sensitive research.

Replies to comments on multicultural perspectives and researcher bias made by F. A. Ibrahim (see record 1989-25694-001) and M. Gergen (see record 1989-25689-001) regarding the present author's (see record 1988-15683-001) discussion of ethical issues in research on "underrepresented groups" such as women and minorities. Inherent limitations of the individual researcher are noted. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Some facets of consistency: Replies to Epstein, Funder, and Bem.

Identifies convergences and substantive differences in the comments made by S. Epstein (see record 1983-23443-001), D. C. Funder (see record 1983-30290-001), and D. J. Bem (see record 1984-04001-001) regarding the present authors' (see record 1983-05642-001) reanalysis of some issues and proposals in the search for cross-situational consistency in social behavior. (32 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Depressive affect: A test of behavioral hypotheses. Reply to Wener and Rehm.

In reply to Wener and Rehm's (see record 2005-08994-001) comments on Buchwald's critique (see record 1978-21210-001) of an earlier article by them (see record 1975-25511-001), it is argued that (a) there are no grounds for interpreting their certainty ratings as a measure of self-confidence and that (b) the data they offer to refute the possibility of an artifact does not do so. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Further considerations for behavior-genetic analysis of humans.

Replies to R. Plomin and T. Foch's (see record 1986-00486-001) disagreement with the present authors and P. A. Rothbaum's (see record 1984-11539-001) presentation of 5 specific points in a critique of Plomin and Foch's (see record 1981-25190-001) earlier behavior-genetic analysis of personality. Rather than replying point–counterpoint to Plomin and Foch, the present authors discuss basic issues that put both critiques into a perspective useful to the application and interpretation of genetic analysis. Three relevant issues in experimental behavior-genetic studies as they apply to correlational behavior-genetic studies of human personality are described. (17 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Further reflections on publishing multiple journal articles from the same data set: Reply to Bray (1994) and Parke (1994).

J. H. Bray's (see record 1995-11196-001) and R. D. Parke's (see record 1995-11204-001) comments on M. A. Fine and L. A. Kurdek's (see record 1995-11198-001) article are constructive, and their efforts have extended the dialogue on the important issue of publishing multiple journal articles from a single data set. This article identifies areas of agreement with Bray and Parke and comments on additional issues that they raised. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Can clients provide valuable feedback to clinicians about their personality interpretations? Greene replies.

Maintains that the criticisms of C. R. Snyder et al (see record 1979-26547-001) in response to the present author's (see record 1978-01956-001) study (1977) overlooked several significant issues that are important in reconceptualizing research on students' acceptance of generalized personality interpretations. These issues are stated explicitly, and their relevance to research in this area is described. (6 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Selected views of family assessment: A commentary.

Comments on articles concerning family assessment by H. D. Grotevant (see record 1990-12120-001); R. B. Hampson et al (see record 1990-12122-001); D. C. Bell and L. G. Bell (see record 1990-12106-001); C. I. Carlson (see record 1990-12110-001); and T. L. Huston and J. K. Rempel (see record 1990-12126-001). It is suggested that theory needs to be related to research and practice more consistently. It would be useful to identify the principle theories in family science and critically examine the unique assessment issues raised by each perspective. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Microgenetic methods revisited.

Responds to the comments of R. C. Fowler (see record 1993-05092-001) and M. Pressley (see record 1993-05123-001) to the authors' article (see record 1991-27066-001) regarding the microgenetic method (MM) of studying cognitive development. The authors discuss views of development and methodological issues to assert that the MM produces more useful data than available alternatives. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Contested affinities: Reaction to Gergen's (1994) and Smith's (1994) postmodernisms.

Comments that the articles by M. B. Smith (see record 1994-37277-001) and K. J. Gergen (see record 1994-37275-001) raise key issues about postmodernism and its impact on psychology, conceptions of science, and the self. The author concludes that postmodernism can hardly be talked about as a single symbolic monolith and that particular authors' views about particular topics must be explicated and critically examined. To talk as if postmodernism has arrived in one neat package is to blind oneself to the aporia of its contested affinities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The five factor model of personality and job performance in the European Community.

In 3 prior meta-analyses, the relationship between the Big Five factors of personality and job criteria was investigated. However, these meta-analyses showed different findings. Furthermore, these reviews included studies carried out only in the United States and Canada. This study reports meta-analytic research on the same topic but with studies conducted in the European Community, which were not included in the prior reviews. The results indicate that Conscientiousness and Emotional Stability are valid predictors across job criteria and occupational groups. The remaining factors are valid only for some criteria and for some occupational groups. Extraversion was a predictor for 2 occupations, and Openness and Agreeableness were valid predictors of training proficiency. These findings are consistent with M. R. Barrick and M. K. Mount (see record 1991-22928-001) and L. M. Hough et al (see record 1991-06268-001). Implications of the results for future research and the practice of personnel selection are suggested. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)