各柱做不同辐射运动时截头圆柱群的水动力分析

截头圆柱群是许多海洋浮式结构的主要组成部分。目前对这种圆柱群进行的水动力分析大多考虑将其作为一个整体,此时各柱间无相对位置变化,这并不适用于柱间有相对运动的情况。为此,采用特征展开法研究各柱做不同辐射运动时截头直立圆柱群的水动力相互作用。开展了截头圆柱群中各柱做不同幅值纵荡、横荡和垂荡运动时的波浪辐射分析,并求得流场速度势。在进行算例考核之后,进一步计算了多个圆柱同时做不同模态、不同幅值运动时截头柱群的水动力、压力分布等量,并对结果进行了分析。     

波浪作用下上部带有透空结构的圆筒垂向水动力特性的解析研究

基于线性势流理论,应用特征函数展开方法和透空壁内流体速度与两壁间压力差成正比的线性模型,建立了上部带有透空结构的截断圆筒绕射问题和辐射问题的解析模型,进而导出浮体的垂荡运动响应幅值算子计算公式。通过与直立透空圆筒和非透空截断圆柱的相关结果进行对比,验证了该文推导的正确性。通过数值计算研究了透空系数、圆筒内外径比（内圆柱半径和圆筒半径之比）和吃水比（透空结构吃水和圆筒吃水之比）对整个圆筒的垂向水动力特性（运动响应幅值、附加质量、辐射阻尼和波浪激振力）的影响,并与非透空截断圆柱的计算结果进行对比分析。结果表明随着透空系数的增大,结构的附加质量和辐射阻尼呈增加趋势,垂荡运动响应幅值算子的峰值呈明显减小趋势,并且在低频区垂向波浪激振力相对较小,这有利于增加浮式结构的稳定性;内外径比和吃水比均对透空结构的垂向水动力特性影响较大。     

不同雷诺数下圆柱绕流气动噪声数值模拟

基于大涡模拟和声类比相结合的混合方法对不同雷诺数下二维圆柱绕流的远场气动噪声进行预测.预测值与试验数据吻合良好.根据预测结果分析圆柱绕流气动噪声的声场特性,研究流场振荡规律对远场噪声的影响和圆柱绕流气动噪声的辐射特性,并寻找降低圆柱绕流气动噪声的途径.结果表明:随着雷诺数的增加,远场各测量点的总声压级增大;声场的最大声...     

不同形状涡街发生体流场仿真及特性研究

利用Fluent数值仿真软件对圆柱、梯形柱和一种新型带狭缝圆柱发生体的绕流特性进行对比研究.通过在发生体附近设置检测点,得到静压分布情况.以计算精度和速度为依据,指出适合涡街发生体的计算方法.将带狭缝圆柱作为重点,分析不同发生体绕流产生的涡街信号特性.结果表明,带狭缝圆柱生成的涡街信号强度最高,斯特劳哈尔数线性度好且压力损失较低,因此将带狭缝圆柱用于涡街流量计是可行的.     

水下爆炸荷载作用下圆柱结构反射压力解析计算方法研究

为助于桥梁、码头等近海结构的抗爆和防护设计,该文拟针对近海结构中常见的等截面圆柱结构,提出一种计算水下爆炸情况中冲击波作用下圆柱分布反射压力的高效解析算法。基于绕射波浪理论,该文根据水体状态方程和边界条件,在柱坐标系下通过分离变量法推导圆柱结构反射压力的时域解;通过数值模拟对比验证该文提出的反射压力时域解的计算精度,数值算例表明二者计算误差在工程允许范围内;基于考虑水体压缩性的时域子结构分析方法,通过对比该文提出的未考虑水体压缩性的解析方法,分析了水体压缩性对反射压力的影响。     

无限长双层加肋圆柱壳水下声辐射解析计算

建立了无限长双层加肋圆柱壳水下声辐射解析计算方法,计算模型采用了Donnell壳体理论,考虑环肋、舱壁和实肋板对内外圆柱壳径向反作用力,利用傅氏变换和模态展开在波数域建立了这种计算模型的声弹耦合控制方程.文中推导了所有结构部件以及水介质的速度阻抗表达式,利用稳相法得到远场辐射声压.计算表明,实肋板和舷间水都是重要的声传递通道,在双层圆柱壳水下声辐射计算时必须考虑实肋板和舷间水的振动传递,双层圆柱壳水下声辐射对结构参数(壳板厚度、舷间距离等)变化不敏感.     

双层圆柱壳舷间声通道对壳体声振性能的影响

针对水下航行器壳体辐射噪声问题较大的现状,将其简化为加肋双层圆柱壳结构,采用AML自动匹配声学辐射边界条件技术,考虑内外壳体与舷间/舷外流体之间的耦合,建立了含有舷间流体的双层圆柱壳模型,研究分析了有限元声振耦合法与附加质量法的差异,进而分析了舷间/舷外流体负载、舷间介质及托板对圆柱壳振声性能的影响规律。结果表明:基于AML技术的声振耦合方法对研究水下双层圆柱壳的声振性能更有效;舷间/舷外不同流体负载对结构声振性能影响较大,水的负载效果明显高于空气,低频段起到抑制振动、削减共振峰的效果,而高频段则加大了耦合作用,提高了结构振动响应及辐射效率;在150Hz以下的低频段,舷间为空气时的托板,对结构的振动和声辐射影响较大。     

涡激振动驱动的柱群结构俘获海流能的稳定性分析

基于海流能发电涡激振动驱动俘获能量这一想法,对耦合连接的四圆柱结构在均匀海流流速下的自由涡激振动进行模拟发现:振动结构的响应幅值在较大和较小约化速度下,随组合间距比LH/D~2的变化相差较大。因此对U_r=5.71和U_r=14.29两种约化速度下结构位移幅值谱图、升力特性、相位差进行分析,结果表明:U_r=5.71时,不同间距比下各圆柱升力与位移间的相位角Φ不同,存在明显的主频且按较规则的正弦规律变化,四个圆柱对结构的振动都起激励作用,各圆柱俘获的水动能或转移到水流中的机械能相对稳定;而U_r=14.29时,各圆柱升力波动不规则,升力频率成分复杂,升力位移间的相位角Φ不明显,各圆柱俘获水动能不稳定,对结构振动起主要作用的是下游两圆柱。分析结果对柱群结构俘获海流能时其约化速度范围的确定有参考价值。     

求解三维物体波浪荷载的边界元模型

建立了求解规则波中任意形状三维物体绕射问题的边界元模型。设置辐射面将流场分为内、外场,外场中的绕射势用特征函数展开式解析表达,内场则由边界积分方程求解,所取的Green 函数为简单的1/r 形式。内场边界采用四边形面元和轴对称面元混合布置的划分方式,轴对称面元上奇点强度沿周向为Fourier 级数展开的高次分布,提高了求解三维绕射问题的精度和效率。经与直立圆柱绕射的线性理论解比较,验证了数值方法的可靠性。利用谱分析原理,将规则波中的结果拓展,得到多向不规则波中绕射物体所受波浪力的统计特性。     

基于一致性几何绕射理论的曲面表面绕射声场解

提出了一种基于一致性几何绕射理论的理想刚性光滑曲面表面绕射声场高频近似计算方法。分别以圆球和无限长圆柱为例,计算了其表面绕射声场,并将计算结果与解析解进行了比较。结果表明,该方法具有计算简单明确,物理概念清晰,计算结果精确的特点。     

高雷诺数下错列双圆柱气动干扰的机理研究

为了进一步澄清小间距错列双圆柱的气动干扰机理,该文采用大涡模拟方法,在高雷诺数下（Re=1.4×105）,研究了间距为2倍圆柱直径的错列双圆柱的气动性能和流场特性随风攻角的变化规律,分析了两个圆柱气动力系数相关性,探讨了下游圆柱气动力与流场结构的内在联系,对下游圆柱平均升力的流场机理提出了新的解释。研究表明,大涡模拟得到的结果与风洞试验值吻合良好;下游圆柱的气动性能、流场结构和两个圆柱气动力相关性均会随风攻角发生剧烈变化;风攻角在0°~10°时,下游圆柱受平均负阻力作用,其原因分别为两圆柱间的回流区和间隙流;风攻角在10°附近时,下游圆柱受很大平均升力作用,风压停滞点偏移、两圆柱间高速间隙流、下游圆柱间隙侧剪切层的提前分离和再附是平均升力出现的三个因素。     

串列双圆柱静止绕流的二维数值仿真分析

利用CFX软件建立二维流场模型,采用有限体积法针对串列双圆柱的静止绕流现象进行了数值模拟计算。首先计算了雷诺数Re=200,不同间距时上下游圆柱的斯托罗哈数,并与参考文献的计算结果进行了对比,证明了该文计算的可靠性。然后分析了不同间距时上下游圆柱的升力系数和阻力系数的变化特点,得出了Re=200时双圆柱绕流的临界间距在3.375D~3.5D之间。最后通过对不同间距下流场变化的研究得出:上下游圆柱的间距小于临界间距时,上游圆柱不存在旋涡脱落;超过临界间距时,上游圆柱出现旋涡脱落;下游圆柱始终存在旋涡脱落现象。研究成果能够为计算流体力学和空气动力学技术的发展提供理论基础。     

CURE-DEPENDENT VISCOELASTIC RESIDUAL STRESS ANALYSIS OF FILAMENT-WOUND COMPOSITE CYLINDERS

The residual stresses induced during processing of [0/90] Tcross-ply composite cylinders is examined. A cure-dependent viscoelastic material model is used to describe the development of material behavior during cure. A finite-element model is developed using a recursive formulation in order to overcome the large memory storage requirements and lengthy calculations. Both chemical and thermal strains are modeled. The geometry modeled includes a mandrel and Teflon separation film between the mandrel and the cross-ply tube. The mandrel was shown to hare a profound influence on the level of residual stress during cure. For example, the maximum hoop stress during cure with a mandrel is 154 MPa. When no mandrel is used the maximum hoop stress is only 26 MPa. Chemical shrinkage was shown to increase the final residual stress in all cases analyzed, since both thermal shrinkage (during cool down) and chemical shrinkage (during cure) are additive. To some extent the mechanism of residual stress development in cylinders is much different compared to laminated composites. For cylinders the geometric constraint of the cylinder itself plays an important role. For example, the outer 90^° layers in a [0/90]T cylinder effectively prevent free expansion and contraction during curing. The effect is to induce radial and hoop stresses during cure.     

Control of the diffracted response of wire arrays with double periods

The possibility of controlling the diffracted response of a periodic structure is investigated by using dual-period arrays, i.e., periodic arrays with a compound unit cell. We consider wire gratings in which each period comprises several cylinders with circular cross sections and all the cylinder axes are contained in the same plane. It is shown that this kind of structure permits one to control the diffracted response, regardless of the cylinder material and the incident polarization. Our numerical results suggest that the effect produced by wire gratings with dual-period characteristics is basically a geometric effect, and it can be present for other shapes of individual scatterers within each subarray.     

Numerical simulation of flows past periodic arrays of cylinders

We present a detailed numerical investigation of three unsteady incompressible flow problems involving periodic arrays of staggered cylinders. The first problem is a uniperiodic flow with two cylinders in each cell of periodicity. The second problem is a biperiodic flow with two cylinders in each cell, and the last problem is a uniperiodic flow with ten cylinders. Both uniperiodic flows are periodic in the direction perpendicular to the main flow direction. In all three cases, the Reynolds number based on the cylinder diameter is 100, and initially the flow field has local symmetries with respect to the axes of the cylinders parallel to the main flow direction. Later on, these symmetries break, vortex shedding is initiated, and gradually the scale of the shedding increases until a temporally periodic flow field is reached.We furnish extensive flow data, including the vorticity and stream function fields at various instants during the temporal evolution of the flow field, time histories of the drag and lift coefficients, Strouhal number, initial and mean drag coefficients, amplitude of the drag and lift coefficient oscillations, and the phase relationships between the drag and lift oscillations associated with each cylinder. Our data confirms that, at this Reynolds number, there are no stable steady-state solutions with local symmetries. Of course, one can obtain such unphysical solutions by assuming symmetry conditions along the axes of the cylinders parallel to the main flow direction and taking half of the computational domain needed normally. In such cases, the steady-state flow fields obtained would be identical to the flow fields observed at the initial stages of our computations. However, we show that such flow fields do not represent the temporally periodic flow fields even in a time-averaged sense, because, in all three cases, the initial drag coefficients are different from the mean drag coefficients. Therefore, we conclude that stability studies involving periodic arrays of cylinders should be carried out, as it is done in this work, with the true implementation of the spatial periodicity.     

Trapping and Near-Trapping by Arrays of Cylinders in Waves

In this paper, some recent developments and new results concerning the trapping of waves by arrays of vertical circular cylinders is presented. In particular, the cases are examined when there is a circular arrangement of cylinders and both finite and infinite periodic linear arrays of identical cylinders. Only for the infinite array is there pure trapping of waves – known as Rayleigh–Bloch or edge waves – which, for particular dominant wavenumbers, reduce to the well-known trapped-mode solutions for a cylinder between two parallel walls having either Neumann or Dirichlet conditions upon them. This latter case is considered separately and some new results are presented. In the circular array and finite linear array the concept of near-trapping is introduced where large resonant motions are found to occur at certain frequencies of the incident wave field. In the case of the finite linear array, these near-trapping frequencies are related to the Rayleigh–Bloch trapped-wave frequencies for the infinite array. Finally, the case when there are two or more lines of cylinders in the linear array is examined.     

FLOW PATTERNS THROUGH TUBE BUNDLES AND PARTICULATE FOULING ONTO CYLINDERS

The shear-stress distributions around cylinders in tube bundles were measured by means of the limiting current method and the flow inside the bundle was also visualized. In the case of the staggered bundle, the shear-stress distributions had two peaks by the effect of the jet streams generated at the front row spacing and the adjacent cylinder. While in the bundle with in-line arrangement, the front stagnant point was shifted about 30° downward and the traverse streams among the rows were observed. This traverse streams caused asymmetry of the shear-stress distributions with respect to the main flow axis.

These results were discussed in connection with the fouling experiments investigated in dusty air. Particle deposition around cylinders could be qualitatively predicted from the shear-stress distributions, namely particles tend to deposit at positions where are less shear-stress in both tube arrangements. The size of particle deposited on the wake zone was coarser than that near the stagnant point behind the third row in both arrangements.     

FLOW PATTERNS THROUGH TUBE BUNDLES AND PARTICULATE FOULING ONTO CYLINDERS

ABSTRACT

The shear-stress distributions around cylinders in tube bundles were measured by means of the limiting current method and the flow inside the bundle was also visualized. In the case of the staggered bundle, the shear-stress distributions had two peaks by the effect of the jet streams generated at the front row spacing and the adjacent cylinder. While in the bundle with in-line arrangement, the front stagnant point was shifted about 30° downward and the traverse streams among the rows were observed. This traverse streams caused asymmetry of the shear-stress distributions with respect to the main flow axis.

These results were discussed in connection with the fouling experiments investigated in dusty air. Particle deposition around cylinders could be qualitatively predicted from the shear-stress distributions, namely particles tend to deposit at positions where are less shear-stress in both tube arrangements. The size of particle deposited on the wake zone was coarser than that near the stagnant point behind the third row in both arrangements.     

正交各向异性空心圆柱体中的纵向导波

基于三维线弹性理论,采用勒让德正交多项式展开法,推导了正交各向异性材料中纵向导波的耦合波动方程,并对耦合波动方程进行了数值求解。首先,为确定方法的适用性和准确性,利用Disperse软件求解各向同性空心圆柱体中纵向导波的频散曲线,并将其与勒让德正交多项式展开法求解结果相对比,二者结果完全一致。然后,讨论了勒让德正交多项式截止值对轴对称导波频散曲线收敛性的影响,并从数值计算的角度分析了产生影响的原因。最后,针对碳纤维缠绕的复合材料空心圆柱体,分别求解纵向、扭转和弯曲三种不同模态纵向导波的相速度频散曲线。计算了不同径厚比下的弯曲模态相速度频散曲线,分析径厚比的变化对频散曲线的影响。