可持续发展CIMS（S—CIMS）的体系结构及其实施策略研究

在分析可持续发展和ＣＩＭＳ的战略意义的基础上,提出了可持续发展ＣＩＭＳ（Ｓ－ＣＩＭＳ）的概念,并结合Ｓ－ＣＩＭＳ的特点和体系结构对Ｓ－ＣＩＭＳ的信息流进行了详细分析,最后还根据我国的具体情况阐明了在我国实施Ｓ－ＣＩＭＳ的策略。     

CIMS工程详细设计的个性化与实用化研究

简述了ＴＷ－ＣＩＭＳ总体结构，总体功能模型，核心的关键技术以及详细设计的概要，阐述了ＴＷ－ＣＩＭＳ详细设计的个性化特征，包括详细设计的原则、组织与人员配置、把握详细设计的方向，详细设计的难点与重点四方面内容，就ＴＷ－ＣＩＭＳ中存在的并带有一定普遍性的ＭＲＰⅡ的用户化改造，建立产品明细管理系统，以实现ＭＲＰⅡ与ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＰＰ／ＣＡＥ的集成两大关键技术提出了相应的实用化解决方案。     

重视GT在CIMS中的应用

综合某工作企业的ＣＩＭＳ规划实际，说明了ＧＴ在ＣＩＭＳ中的应用。包括信息分类编码，ＧＴ－ＣＡＤ，ＧＴ－ＣＡＰＰ，ＧＴ－ＣＡＭ，ＧＴ－车间布局以及ＧＴ－生产计划编制。自始至终，从顶到下贯串ＧＴ主线。     

德国CIMS现状与发展趋势

德国ＣＩＭＳ现状与发展趋势一、德国ＣＩＭＳ的现状１．组织机构８０年代中期，德国政府的联邦研究、技术、科学和教育部（ＢＭＢＦ）在西德地区的高校中建立了十个面向小型企业、以ＣＩＭ技术培训及转让为目标的中心（ＣＩＭ－ＴＴ）。两德统一后，又在原东德地区的高校...     

可持续发展CIMS（S—CIMS）的基本概念及体系结构研究

将可持续发展的思想融于ＣＩＭＳ，提出了可持续发展ＣＩＭＳ（Ｓ－ＣＩＭＳ）的基本概念，在此基础上对Ｓ－ＣＩＭＳ的特点和体系结构进行了初步探讨，最后详细分析了Ｓ－ＣＩＭＳ各分系统之间的内在联系和信息交换。     

重视GT在CIMS中的应用

结合某工业企业的ＣＩＭＳ规划实际，说明了ＧＴ在ＣＩＭＳ中的应用。包括信息分类编码，ＧＴ－ＣＡＤ，ＧＴ－ＣＡＰＰ，ＧＴＣＡＭ，ＧＴ－车间布局以及ＧＴ－生产计划编制。自始至终、从顶到下贯串ＧＴ主线。     

FMS在CIMS中的系统环境

从计算机集成制造系统（ＣＩＭＳ）概念设计入手，按照系统论观点，通过分析ＣＩＭＳ的基本构成及各组成部分之间的关系，将ＣＩＭＳ分为决策、产品设计、经营管理和生产实施，并进一步对生产实施的组成及其内外部环境进行了研究，指出柔性制造系统（ＦＭＳ）是生产实施的一部分，并对ＦＭＳ的实质、组成、任务和功能等进行了深入的分析。     

CIMS应用集成平台技术发展现状与趋势

本文讨论了ＣＩＭＳ应用集成平台的产生背景和发展情况。给出了ＣＩＭＳ应用集成平台的定义、基本特性和功能，介绍了国内外几种典型集成平台产品的基本功能和系统结构，并对它们进行了比较。结合企业ＣＩＭＳ实施对集成平台支持工具的需求和计算机软件技术的发展趋势，探讨了ＣＩＭＳ应用集成平台的发展趋势。     

论CIMS推广中十个问题的定位

在总结下年来ＣＩＭＳ研究，开发和应用中的成果，特别是着批推广应用试点工厂的初步实践经验的基础上，对推广ＣＩＭＳ提出了十点看法，这就是：ＣＩＭＳ是制造业的革命；推广ＣＩＭＳ是为了实现国民经济信息化；在推广中就以改革总揽全局；以管理为突破口；紧紧抓住系统的开放性和集成     

从计算机集成制造到现代集成制造──兼谈中国CIMS系统论的特点

本文回顾了１２年来我国ＣＩＭＳ研究、开发和应用的进程，总结了系统集成的三个发展阶段，即基于异构环境的信息集成、基于设计过程重建和优化的过程集成（如并行工程）以及面向全球制造的企业间集成（简称企业集成，如敏捷制造）。在每一个发展阶段中，信息技术和现代管理方法都是相辅相成地进行研究和应用的。从我国几十家企业的应用示范情况来看，我国ＣＩＭＳ的总体思路和技术路线是基本成功的。文章还总结了我国ＣＩＭＳ最主要的技术特点，即“系统论”的思想，强调多学科（除了技术学科以外，还包括管理和经济等学科）的协同发展以及理论与实践的紧密结合。     

Histochemical and ultrahistochemical localization of heavy metals in calf organs

Cadmium, zinc, selenium, and copper were administered, singly or in combination, orally or subcutaneously. Experiment I included 32 calves of both sexes; six received Cd (two groups), Zn, Cd, and Zn, and Cd and Se (two groups) and one group was a control. In Experiment II (21 bulls), three were given Cd, Cd, and Cu, and Cd and Zn, respectively, and one group was a control. For light microscopy, in Experiment I the highest amounts of silver granules were present in the samples of liver, small intestine, and vesicular gland of all the exposed groups; in Experiment II the most affected organs were liver, kidney, and small intestine. For electron microscopy, in Experiment I, after administration of Cd and Zn, the highest amounts of granules were seen in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules and the lowest amounts were found in glandular cells of the pancreas. Administration of Cd and Se resulted in the presence of large numbers of granules in the nuclei and nucleoli of spermatogonies. In Experiment II, ingestion of Cd and Zn in feed led to the appearance of highest amounts of granules in the nucleoli, nuclei, and cytoplasm of cells in testes, kidneys, and pancreas. Following Cd intake, the highest accumulation of granules was observed in the nucleoli of hepatocytes and cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules. Combined Cd and Cu produced the highest number of granules in cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules and in the nucleoli and nuclei of germinal epithelium.     

中国部分典型地区气溶胶光学特性观测

利用DTF型太阳光度计在我国几个典型城市地区较长期观测得到的资料,分析了不同地区气溶胶光学厚度日变化和季节变化特征,得到了各地区观测期间日均值、月均值和季节值的变化.结果显示,观测期间丽江地区气溶胶光学厚度最小,大气较洁净,大气中以细粒子为主;其次是张北;喀什和合肥地区气溶胶光学厚度都较大,但喀什、张北多以粗粒子为主,合肥多以细粒子为主.各地区都在春季气溶胶光学厚度较大,冬季最小.喀什的气溶胶光学厚度值多集中在0.15到0.7之间,张北多集中在0.08到0.4之间,合肥多集中在0.2到0.75之间,丽江多集中在0.01到0.1之间.各地区气溶胶光学厚度和(A)ngstr(o)m波长指数频率分布基本呈高斯分布,气溶胶光学厚度峰值分布由高到低依次为合肥、喀什、张北、丽江,(A)ngstr(o)m波长指数由高到低依次为丽江、合肥、张北、喀什.     

Sinusoidal endothelial cells of the liver: Fine structure and function in relation to age

Liver endothelial cells form a continuous lining of the liver capillaries, or sinusoids, separating parenchymal cells and fat-storing cells from sinusoidal blood. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells differ in fine structure from endothelial cells lining larger blood vessels and from other capillary endothelia in that they lack a distinct basement membrane and also contain open pores, or fenestrae, in the thin cytoplasmic projections which constitute the sinusoidal wall. This distinctive morphology supports the protective role played by liver endothelium, the cells forming a general barrier against pathogenic agents and serving as a selective sieve for substances passing from the blood to parenchymal and fat-storing cells, and vice versa. Sinusoidal endothelial cells, furthermore, significantly participate in the metabolic and clearance functions of the liver. They have been shown to be involved in the endocytosis and metabolism of a wide range of macromolecules, including glycoproteins, lipoproteins, extracellular matrix components, and inert colloids, establishing endothelial cells as a vital link in the complex network of cellular interactions and cooperation in the liver. Fine structural studies in combination with the development of cell isolation and culture techniques from both experimental animal and human liver have greatly contributed to the elucidation of these endothelial cell functions. Morphological and biochemical investigations have both revealed little changes with age except for an accumulation of iron ferritin and a decrease in the activities of glucose-6-phosphatase, Mg-ATPase, and in glucagon-stimulated adenylcyclase. Future studies are likely to disclose more fully the role of sinusoidal endothelial cells in the regulation of liver hemodynamics, in liver metabolism and blood clearance, in the maintenance of hepatic structure, in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases, and in the aging process in the liver.     

Immunolocalization of S100-like protein in the brain of an emerging model organism: Nothobranchius furzeri

The S100 protein in nervous tissue appears to play important roles in regulating neuronal differentiation, glial proliferation, plasticity, development, axonal growth, and in neurogenetic processes. In fish, the adult neurogenic activity is much higher than in mammals. In this study, the localization of S100 protein was investigated in the brain of annual teleost fish, Nothobranchius furzeri, which is an emerging model organism for aging research. By immunohistochemical techniques, S100 immunoreactivity (IR) was detected in glial cells, small neurons, and fibers throughout all regions of central nervous system (CNS) with different pattern of distribution. In the telencephalon, S100 IR was seen in the olfactory bulbs and in different areas of the telencephalic hemispheres. In the diencephalon, S100 positivity was observed in the habenular nuclei of the epithalamus, in the cortical thalamic nucleus, in the dorsal, ventral and caudal portions, the latter with the posterior recessus nucleus, and in the diffuse inferior lobe of the hypothalamus, along the diencephalic ventricle and in the dorsal optic tract. In the mesencephalon, S100 IR was observed in the longitudinal tori, in the optic tectum, and along the mesencephalic ventricle. In the rhombencephalon, S100 IR was shown in valvula and body of the cerebellum, and in some nuclei of the medulla oblongata. The results suggest that S100 may play a key role in the maintenance of the CNS and in neurogenesis processes in the adulthood.     

Immunohistochemistry of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and protein nitration in the striatum of the aged rat

To ascertain the possible implications of the nitric oxide (NO*) producing system in striatal senescence, and by using immunohistochemistry and image-processing approaches, we describe the presence of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS), the NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemical marker, and nitrotyrosine-derived complexes (N-Tyr) in the striatum of adult and aged rats. The results showed neuronal NOS immunoreactive (nNOS-IR) aspiny medium-sized neurons and nervous fibres in both age groups, with no variation in the percentage of immunoreactive area but a significant decrease in the intensity and in the number of somata with age, which were not related to the observed increase with age of the striatal bundles of the white matter. In addition, NADPH-d activity was detected in neurons with morphology similar to that of the nNOS-IR cells; a decrease in the percentage of area per field and in the number of cells, but an increase in the intensity of staining for the NADPH-d histochemical marker, were detected with age. The number of neuronal NADPH-d somata was higher than for the nNOS-IR ones in both age groups. Moreover, N-Tyr-IR complexes were observed in cells (neurons and glia) and fibres, with a significant increase in the percentage of the area of immunoreaction, related to the increase of white matter, but a decrease in intensity for the aged group. On the other hand, we did not detect the inducible isoform (iNOS) either in adult or in aged rats. Taken together, these results support the contention that NADPH-d staining is not such an unambiguous marker for nNOS, and that increased protein nitration may participate in striatal aging.     

Distribution of sex steroid hormone receptors in the avian brain: functional implications for neural sex differences and sexual behaviors

Developmental and seasonal changes in the production of androgens, estrogens, and progestins seem to control sex-specific differentiation and seasonal changes in appetitive and consummatory sexual behaviors of birds. This results in profound sex differences in the quality (sex-specific) or quantity (sex-typical) of behaviors such as courtship, territoriality, or copulation. Steroids affect the brain by binding to intracellularly located receptors. The same brain areas express androgen, estrogen, and progesterone receptors in male and female brains. Sex differences in these genetically determined patterns occur in the size of neuron populations that intrinsically express sex steroid receptors. Further permanent sex differences are subsequent to degenerative fates of receptor expressing neuron populations during ontogeny. Transient sex differences in receptor expression appear to be due to area-specific up- and down-regulation of receptor levels, reflecting transient changes in the level of circulating steroids, changes in environmental conditions, or in the physiological status of the individuals. In particular, intrinsic sex differences in the expression pattern of sex steroid receptors and steroid-independent regulation of the expression level of these receptors in the brain are limiting mechanisms for gonad-dependent sexual development and activities.     

理工科高校创业教育路径探析——基于和谐教育理论视角

我国高校创业教育起步较晚。而且大都集中在商学院．关于理工科高校创业教育的研究较少。从创业教育的形式、内容和效果三个方面深入剖析理工科高校创业教育存在的问题，在此基础上提出基于和谐教育理论的理工科高校创业教育的三条原则．即创业兴趣与创业知识和谐共生、创业精神与创业能力和谐培养、创业文化与创业典型和谐发展。     

TRPV4 in the sensory organs of adult zebrafish

TRPV4 is a nonselective cation channel that belongs to the vanilloid (V) subfamily of transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels. While TRP channels have been found to be involved in sensing temperature, light, pressure, and chemical stimuli, TPRV4 is believed to be primarily a mechanosensor although it can also respond to warm temperatures, acidic pH, and several chemical compounds. In zebrafish, the expression of trpv4 has been studied during embryonic development, whereas its pattern of TPRV4 expression during the adult life has not been thoroughly analyzed. In this study, the occurrence of TRPV4 was addressed in the zebrafish sensory organs at the mRNA (RT-PCR) and protein (Westernblot) levels. Once the occurrence of TRPV4 was demonstrated, the TRPV4 positive cells were identified by using immunohistochemistry. TPRV4 was detected in mantle and sensory cells of neuromasts, in a subpopulation of hair sensory cells in the macula and in the cristae ampullaris of the inner ear, in sensory cells in the taste buds, in crypt neurons and ciliated sensory neurons of the olfactory epithelium, and in cells of the retina. These results demonstrate the presence of TRPV4 in all sensory organs of adult zebrafish and are consistent with the multiple physiological functions suspected for TRPV4 in mammals (mechanosensation, hearing, and temperature sensing), but furthermore suggest potential roles in olfaction and vision in zebrafish.     

Application of elemental microanalysis to elucidate the role of spherites in the digestive gland of the helicid snail Chilostoma lefeburiana

In this case study we present an application of different analytical electron microscopic methods in biology, to elucidate their usefulness in such investigations. Using analytical electron microscopy, spherites in the digestive gland cells of the helicid snail Chilostoma lefeburiana were examined at three stages: just before the non-feeding period of over-wintering in November, in the middle of over-wintering in February and at its end in March. A detailed characterization of changes in the elemental composition of the spherites was characterized by a combination of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy filtering TEM (EFTEM). During over-wintering, the spherites passed the following changes. Before over-wintering in November, they consisted of striking concentric layers of electron-dense and electron-lucent zones, while in February and March they showed clear empty zones between materials of different electron density. In November spherites, C, O, Ca, P, Cl, Fe, Si, Na, K, Mg and S were detected, whereas in February ones C, O, N, Cl, Si and S were found and only C, O, N, Si and Cl were detected in March spherites. It is suggested that the elements missing in February and March were used in different physiological processes during over-wintering, like (1) the maintenance of the appropriate elemental composition of the internal environment, (2) accumulation of non-toxic waste materials that cannot be metabolized and (3) avoiding potential intoxication by contamination with toxic metals.     

吴茱萸致肝毒性部位在大鼠体内的多样性分析

利用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱（UPLC-Q-TOF MS）技术对吴茱萸肝毒性部位给药后大鼠胆汁、尿液、粪便中的原型成分及其代谢产物进行分析,共检测到23个原型成分和10个代谢产物。采用正离子MSE扫描模式采集质量范围m/z 50~1 200的数据,通过与UNIFI软件数据库比对,以及各成分的保留时间、精确的一级和二级质谱信息,结合化合物的裂解规律和已有文献报道,共鉴定出29个化学成分,包括23个原型成分和6个代谢产物。进一步由代谢产物逆向追踪原型成分,推测出可能的代谢途径。这些成分在体内的主要代谢途径有葡萄糖醛酸结合、硫酸酯化、甲酰基化、羟基化、去甲基化等。基本明确了吴茱萸肝毒性部位在大鼠胆汁、尿液和粪便中的主要存在形式及代谢途径,为揭示吴茱萸肝毒性物质基础提供了参考依据。