Al2O3/La2O3/(W,Mo)C硬质合金刀具表面微织构参数优化

通过水热法制备粒度均匀的Al2O3/La2O3/(W,Mo)C纳米复合粉体,采用放电等离子烧结技术制备Al2O3/La2O3/(W,Mo)C无黏结相硬质合金刀具,利用激光加工技术在刀具表面制备不同沟槽参数的表面微织构,采用正交试验法研究不同沟槽参数的刀具对钛合金干切削性能的影响。结果表明：沟槽间距对切削力和粗糙度影响最大,沟槽深度次之,沟槽宽度影响最小;Al2O3/La2O3/(W,Mo)C无黏结相刀具在沟槽深度为10 μm、沟槽间距为100 μm、沟槽宽度为30 μm时,对TC4钛合金切削性能最好,且刀具前刀面无磨损,后刀面为边界磨损,沟槽织构有效抑制了月牙洼磨损,提高了刀具寿命。     

仿生微织构对刀具切削性能影响的有限元分析

仿生摩擦学的相关研究表明,高性能的表面微织构具有良好的减摩抗磨性能.本文利用ABAQUS软件,对无微织构和有微织构硬质合金刀具的二维直角切削过程进行了有限元分析.仿真试验表明:一定尺寸的沟槽微织构可以有效改善刀—屑摩擦过程中的应力分布状况,减少应力集中现象,既提高了刀具的减磨性能,同时还可以降低20％左右的切削力.然后,采用激光加工方法在YG8硬质合金刀片的前刀面置入不同宽度的沟槽微织构,在一定载荷条件下进行摩擦磨损试验.试验发现:沟槽型微织构可以有效地降低硬质合金刀面的摩擦系数,并且不同宽度的沟槽其减摩效果是不一样的.     

仿生微织构对刀具切削性能影响的有限元分析

仿生摩擦学的相关研究表明,高性能的表面微织构具有良好的减摩抗磨性能。本文利用ABAQUS软件,对无微织构和有微织构硬质合金刀具的二维直角切削过程进行了有限元分析。仿真试验表明:一定尺寸的沟槽微织构可以有效改善刀—屑摩擦过程中的应力分布状况,减少应力集中现象,既提高了刀具的减磨性能,同时还可以降低20%左右的切削力。然后,采用激光加工方法在YG8硬质合金刀片的前刀面置入不同宽度的沟槽微织构,在一定载荷条件下进行摩擦磨损试验。试验发现:沟槽型微织构可以有效地降低硬质合金刀面的摩擦系数,并且不同宽度的沟槽其减摩效果是不一样的。     

氧化锆陶瓷车削中刀具表面微织构参数对切削性能的影响

利用飞秒激光加工技术在硬质合金车刀后刀面加工出不同宽度和间距的沟槽型表面织构。通过氧化锆陶瓷材料干切削试验,研究织构化刀具磨损机理,分析织构参数对切削力和刀具磨损量的影响规律。实验结果表明：具有合理参数的后刀面织构化刀具能够明显降低切削力,减少刀具磨损。沟槽型织构通过储存切屑、稳定黏结物和对已加工表面上硬质点的二次切削作用,降低刀具后刀面的黏着磨损和磨粒磨损。织构的二次切削作用会导致切削力增大,与织构的减摩作用共同影响切削力。     

MoS_2基固体润滑剂微织构自润滑刀具切削性能的研究

采用激光加工方法在硬质合金刀具的前刀面加工不同形状的微织构,并填充不同的固体润滑剂,对制备的微织构自润滑刀具以及传统刀具进行干切削304奥氏体不锈钢的对比试验。试验结果表明,与传统硬质合金刀具相比,微织构自润滑刀具能显著地降低切削力,减小前刀面摩擦系数,降低切削温度,减少刀具前刀面的磨损。选用MoS_2/Sb_2O_3复合固体润滑剂能更好地提高微织构刀具的切削性能,减少切屑的粘结。     

微织构衍生切削下的钛合金正交微切削性能分析

针对微织构刀具加工过程中的衍生切削效应,利用正交微切削单元开展了微坑刀具及无织构刀具的钛合金微切削实验,从切屑底面形貌、微坑黏结状态等方面分析了微坑刀具微切削性能;通过ABAQUS软件对微织构刀具微切削钛合金过程进行有限元模拟,分析微坑织构的衍生切削作用对刀-屑接触应力分布及切削力的影响,优化设计微坑边缘过渡区参数并进行切削仿真分析。实验和仿真结果表明,微坑会减小前刀面黏结,存储微屑,减小刀-屑接触应力,提高刀具减摩性能;但微坑与切屑的衍生切削作用会增大瞬时切削力,降低切削过程平稳性。此外,微坑过渡区优化可改善切削过程波动,降低切削力,改变切屑形态,改善切屑在微坑的流入/流出状态,有助于减小微坑织构衍生切削效应,提高织构的减摩效果。     

织构参数对刀具表面摩擦系数的影响研究

研究了前刀面具有圆形凹坑阵列微织构的YT15硬质合金刀片对45钢工件进行切削试验时,其微织构参数与刀—屑界面平均摩擦系数的关系。通过单因素试验,获得各织构参数分别和刀—屑界面平均摩擦系数的关系:当凹坑直径小于200μm时,直径越大摩擦系数越小;接触区面积占有率在70%-75%时,摩擦系数较大,接触区面积占有率大于75%,时则可保证刀—屑界面摩擦系数较小;织构凹坑深度为4μm时,可以获得最小平均摩擦系数。验证了织构凹坑直径、接触区面积占有率以及凹坑深度等织构参数对刀—屑摩擦系数的关系,得出了在刀具前刀面加工出合适参数的微织构可有效降低刀—屑界面摩擦系数的结论。     

超细晶硬质合金刀具切削高温合金试验研究

使用普通晶粒度硬质合金YG8和超细晶硬质合金YG8UF两种材料刀具,分别对GH2132高温合金进行了干式切削试验,对比了两种刀具在不同切削速度条件下的切削力和刀-屑摩擦系数,测定了刀具后刀面的平均磨损宽度VB值,借助扫描电镜观察了刀具后刀面的磨损形貌,同时对刀具的磨损机理进行了分析.结果 表明,晶粒细化可以使切削力降低,刀-屑间平均摩擦系数减小.当切削速度达到65m/min后,超细晶硬质合金刀具YG8UF的使用寿命是普通晶粒度硬质合金刀具YG8的(3～4)倍.超细晶硬质合金刀具比通晶粒度硬质合金刀具具有更好的抗磨料磨损、粘着磨损和扩散磨损性能.     

织构化刀具切削性能测试及切削温度仿真分析

研究织构化硬质合金刀具对切削Ti6Al4V钛合金性能的影响。在干切削和低温微量润滑(CMQL)条件下,通过开展无织构和织构化刀具切削试验,分析不同刀具在不同润滑条件下切削力和摩擦因数变化规律。结果表明:微沟槽刀具在CMQL条件下的切削性能最好,在干切削条件下的切削性能最差,表明微沟槽在CMQL条件下能有效改善刀具的摩擦学性能,而在干切削条件下反而增大了刀具的摩擦磨损。通过仿真分析织构化刀具高速干切削条件下的切削温度,结果表明:织构化刀具干切削条件下的切削温度高于无织构刀具,这是因为表面织构增大了刀具表面的粗糙度,加剧了刀-屑界面摩擦。     

不同形貌微织构自润滑陶瓷刀具切削性能的对比

采用激光技术在Al2O_3/TiC陶瓷刀具前刀面加工出微凹坑和微沟槽2种微织构,并填充MoS2固体润滑剂制备得到微织构自润滑刀具,研究了不同形貌微织构自润滑刀具对淬硬钢的切削性能,并与传统无织构陶瓷刀具的进行了对比。结果表明:在不同切削条件下,采用微凹坑织构刀具切削时的主切削力较采用无织构刀具的平均降低了26.91%,而采用微沟槽织构刀具切削时的平均下降了15.85%;在切削速度较高、进给量和背吃刀量均较小的条件下,采用微织构刀具切削后工件的表面粗糙度较采用无织构刀具的有明显下降;微凹坑织构刀具切削后的切屑变形程度明显低于微沟槽织构刀具和无织构刀具切削后的,其前刀面的磨损程度明显低于微沟槽织构刀具和无织构刀具的,微凹坑织构刀具比微沟槽织构刀具表现出更佳的切削性能。     

Experimental assessment of textured tools with nano-lubricants in orthogonal cutting of titanium alloy

In this study, we investigated the effects of composite nano-Cu/WS₂ lubricating oil and single-point diamond indentation-textures on improving the cutting performance of YG8 cemented carbide tools, which is crucial for textures tool applications. The aims of the study were to improve wear resistance and reduce chip adhesion at the tool’s rake face in cutting of titanium alloys. Dot textures with different spacings were fabricated on the surface of YG8 cemented carbide tools through the single-point diamond indentation method, and composite nano-Cu/WS₂ lubricating oil was prepared. Orthogonal cutting tests were carried out under dry cutting and minimal quantity lubricated (MQL) conditions. Investigate the effect of different texture spacing on the cutting performance in the light of cutting forces, friction coefficient, the deformed chip thickness, tool adhesions, and chip morphology. The results show that the dot texture effectively improved the lubrication conditions in machining titanium alloys under the MQL conditions. The dot texture is effective at low speed in the dry cutting conditions. With the increase of cutting speed, the friction coefficient of dot texture tool is affected by texture spacing, and the friction coefficient of DT-200 tool is the smallest. In addition, composite nano Cu/WS₂ lubricating oil forms a lubricating film on the wear path by atomizing the lubricating oil and stores it in the dot texture, which enhances the anti-wear performance in the cutting process and reduces the cutting force and friction coefficient at the tool chip interface. By evaluating cutting force, friction coefficient, chip and tool morphology, it is concluded that DT-100 tool is more effective in improving lubrication conditions.

     

Experimental evaluation on micro-texture parameters of carbide ball-nosed end mill in machining of titanium alloy

Parametric optimisation of micro-texture is important to improve the performance of cutting tool in metal cutting. In this study, the simulation models of micro-textured surface of cemented carbide are established by using ABAQUS platform, and fictitious stress distribution is analysed to select the optimum micro-texture structure. Then, many friction tests were carried out to compare the several different micro-textures. Based on the experimental data, the parametric optimisation model of micro-texture on cemented carbide surface is established, and its significant analysis is carried out. Moreover, the optimised parameters are applied to the ball-nose end mill in the machining of titanium alloy. The results show that the micro-texture can absorb stress and change the status of stress distribution on the surface. Among the micro-texture structures, the performance of micro-pit is the best one, i.e. surface stress micro-pit-texture is distributed uniformly, and the stress concentration micro-pit-texture is low, when the micro-pit-texture’s diameter is 46.6 μm, its depth is 27 μm, and its distance is 123 μm. The ball-nosed end mill with the optimised parameters has a stronger wear resistance than a normal tool.     

凹槽微织构刀具皮质骨切削仿真研究

在骨钻削过程中,钻削力过大会对骨组织造成损伤,研究表明,微织构能够有效改善刀具的切削性能。将钻削简化为二维切削,研究凹槽微织构刀具对切削力的影响。基于切削理论建立了凹槽微织构刀具的切削力模型,利用ABAQUS软件进行皮质骨二维切削仿真。设计单因素试验确定微织构参数(宽度、间距和刃边距)对切削力的影响,对比分析微织构刀具和无微织构刀具的仿真结果。结果表明:微织构刀具能够有效减小切削力;微织构参数对切削力有不同影响。     

微织构PCBN超硬刀具切削气门座圈的温度研究

合理的微织构可以减小切屑与刀具前刀面的摩擦,降低切削力和切削温度。使用微织构超硬PCBN刀具车削粉末冶金气门座圈,研究切削速度和织构参数对切削温度的影响。通过正交试验,在干切削条件下测量切削温度,结果表明:凹坑密度w对切削温度的影响最为显著,其次是切削速度v和凹坑深度h,凹坑直径d对切削温度的影响最小;最优织构参数组合为凹坑直径d=180μm,凹坑深度h=20μm,凹坑密度w=15%,切削速度v=70m/min。     

Edge chipping mechanism and failure time prediction on carbide cemented tool during drilling of CFRP/Ti stack

To investigate the edge chipping during drilling of the CFRP/Ti stack with carbide cemented tools, a drilling experiment was carried out and a tool failure model was proposed. Thrust force, drilling temperature, and tool wear were analyzed. A tool stressing model and a tool failure model of edge chipping were constructed respectively. On the basis of these, the prediction model on the edge chipping was established to forecast the failure time. Drilling temperature, Vickers hardness, and cutting speed were considered during the prediction model building. The results demonstrate that adhesive wear has a great influence on the edge chipping. The damage of adhesive wear for tool rake face leads to the load variation on rake face and the initial crack. Under the action of shear stress, the crack starts at rake face and then expands to the flank face, resulting in tool edge chipping. The affinity interaction (between titanium alloy with carbide cemented) and the thermal residual stress are two critical factors for tool edge chipping. Tear easily occurs inside the binding phase or at the boundary between hard phase and binder phase. As the drilling temperature increases, the hardness of the carbide cemented will gradually decrease. The prediction result of failure time is similar to the experimental result, and the effectiveness of the prediction model is verified.     

Wear mechanism of the loose layer on the rake face of a new cemented carbide micro groove turning tool

The loose layer can appear on the rake face of a turning tool under certain cutting conditions and have an important influence on the rake face wear. In this paper, wear morphology and wear mechanism of loose layer on the rake face of the original turning tool and the new cemented carbide micro groove turning tool developed independently during the cutting process are studied, by the combination of theoretical analysis and cutting test. And the relationships between the diffusion wear and the adhesive wear of the loose layer on the rake face of the new micro groove turning tool are further analyzed and revealed. The research results show that the loose layer on the rake face of two turning tools is caused by the diffusion wear, which is formed by the brittleness-weakening of tool material in the region resulting from elements diffusion. Meanwhile, the wear degree of the rake face of tools is aggravated by the mutual promotion of diffusion wear and adhesive wear. In the normal wear stage, the degree of looseness and brittleness of the rake face of the original turning tool is greater than the one of the micro groove turning tool. In the severe wear stage, cobalt elements in the rake face of the two turning tools are dissolved and diffused in varying degrees, which further aggravates the brittle-weakening of materials in the region. But the degree of loose brittleness of the rake face of the original turning tool is still greater than the one of the micro groove turning tool. It can be concluded that the micro groove on the rake face of the new turning tool can improve the rake face wear to a certain extent.     

微织构对硬质合金表面摩擦性能的影响

微织构是一种有效地改进表面摩擦性能和提高表面承载能力的措施.为了研究微织构在刀具减磨技术方面的应用,本文在WC-Co硬质合金材料表面制作出微坑阵列,与Ti6Al4V构成摩擦副,在微量润滑(MQL)条件下进行摩擦磨损试验.研究发现:红MQL条件下,微织构对WC-Co/Ti6Al4V摩擦副具有一定的减磨效果,低速高载和高速...     

钛合金铣削过程刀具前刀面磨损解析建模

钛合金Ti6Al4V作为典型的航空航天难加工材料,在其铣削过程中硬质合金刀具的磨损会降低加工过程稳定性,进而影响加工效率和已加工表面表面质量。刀具前刀面磨损会导致刀具刃口强度降低,并影响切屑的流向和折断情况。针对前刀面磨损机理进行分析并构建了月牙洼磨损深度预测模型。首先运用解析方法构建了前刀面应力场模型,得到切屑在前刀面滑动过程中的刀具前刀面应力分布情况及磨损位置。基于刀-屑接触关系的基础上建立了前刀面温度场模型。然后,基于所得刀具前刀面应力与温度分布,构建综合考虑磨粒磨损、粘结磨损与扩散磨损的铣刀月牙洼磨损深度预测模型,获得月牙洼磨损预测曲线;结合铣刀月牙洼磨损带沿切削刃方向分布的特点,建立了随时间变化的铣刀前刀面磨损体积预测模型。最后通过试验验证了切削宽度对前刀面磨损的影响规律,预测结果与试验测量值具有较好的吻合性。结果表明随着切削宽度的增加,月牙洼磨损深度及前刀面磨损体积都随之增加。研究结果为钛合金铣削用刀具的设计和切削参数的合理选择提供了理论基础。     

Statistical analysis of process parameters in drilling of AL/SICP metal matrix composite

Four micro-holes were made using micro-EDM on rake face of the cemented carbide (WC/TiC/Co) tools. MoS₂, CaF₂, and graphite solid lubricants were respectively embedded into the four micro-holes to form self-lubricated tools (SLT-1, SLT-2, and SLT-3). Dry machining tests on hardened steel were carried out with these self-lubricated tools and conventional tools (SLT-4). The cutting forces, average friction coefficient between tool and chip, and tool wear were measured and compared. It was shown that the cutting forces and tool wear of self-lubricated tools were clearly reduced compared with those of the SLT-4 conventional tool. The SLT-1 self-lubricated tool embedded with MoS₂ just exhibited lower friction coefficient between tool and chip in cutting speed of less than 100?m/min; the SLT-2 self-lubricated tool embedded with CaF₂ possessed lower friction coefficient in cutting speed of more than 100?m/min; and the SLT-3 self-lubricated tool embedded with graphite accomplished good lubricating behaviors steadily under the test conditions. It is indicated that cemented carbide inserts with four micro-holes on rake face embedded with appropriate solid lubricants on rake face is an effective way to reduce cutting forces and rake wear.     

Preparation of tungsten disulfide (WS2) soft-coated nano-textured self-lubricating tool and its cutting performance

This paper proposes a new effective dry cutting tool named tungsten disulfide (WS₂) soft-coated nano-textured self-lubricating tool which is fabricated by two steps. First, nano-texture is made on the tool–chip interface of rake face of uncoated YS8 (WC + TiC + Co) cemented carbide cutting inserts by femtosecond laser micromachining technology. Second, WS₂ soft coating is deposited on the nano-textured tool by medium-frequency magnetron sputtering, multi-arc ion plating and ion beam assisted deposition technique. Dry turning tests on 45# quenched and tempered steel were carried out with three kinds of cutting tools: conventional YS8 tool, nano-textured tool (CFT), and WS₂ soft-coated nano-textured self-lubricating tool (CFTWS). Results show that the cutting forces, cutting temperature, the friction coefficient at the tool–chip interface, and the antiadhesive effect of the nano-textured tools were significantly reduced compared with those of the conventional one. The CFTWS tool had the best cutting performance among all the tools tested under the same test conditions. Through cutting force and cutting temperature theoretical analysis and experimental results, four mechanisms responsible were found. The first one is explained as the formation of the WS₂ lubricating film with low shear strength at the tool–chip interface, which was released from the surface nano textures and smeared on the rake face, and served as lubricating additive during dry cutting processes to reduce the cutting forces and cutting temperature. The second one is explained by the reduced contact length at the tool–chip interface of the nano-textured tools; the smaller direct contact area between the chip and tool rake face leads to less friction force, which can also contribute to the decrease of cutting forces and cutting temperature. The third one can be explained that because of the excellent lubricity of the WS₂ lubricating film, the antiadhesive effect can be significantly improved which can reduce adhesive wear of the cutting tool and prolong the tool life. The fourth one can be explained that the advantage of CFTWS tool in cutting forces and cutting temperature is obvious in relatively high-speed and high-temperature conditions may be because of ultra-low friction coefficient, high temperature resistance, and the high oxidation resistance of WS₂ soft coating which is not sensitive to high cutting temperature and high cutting speed can significantly improve the severe dry cutting environment.