Nb2O5对Nd3+掺杂锗酸盐玻璃光谱性能的影响

蓝光激光器在彩色激光显示、高密度光储存、海洋资源探测、水下通信以及生物科技等领域具有广泛的应用前景。目前较为成熟的Yb³⁺掺杂光纤激光器倍频后仅能获得~490 nm蓝绿光,因此如何得到接近450 nm的纯蓝光激光器是目前急需解决的问题。Nd³⁺:⁴F_3/2→⁴I_9/2能级跃迁产生的0.9 μm光经倍频后可获得~450 nm光,并可应用于蓝光激光器,但该跃迁产生的光所占荧光分支比较低。本文系统研究了1%(质量分数)Nd₂O₃掺杂50GeO₂-(20-x)PbO-15BaO-15ZnO-xNb₂O₅(x%=0%,2.5%,5%,10%,15%,摩尔分数)玻璃的吸收光谱、荧光光谱和荧光寿命,计算了相应的Judd-Ofelt强度参数以及增益带宽。研究发现,Nb₂O₅的加入会使Nd³⁺在900 nm荧光峰的吸收截面、发射截面、有效线宽和荧光分支比增加。当Nb₂O₅浓度为10%(摩尔分数)时,Judd-Ofelt强度参数Ω₂=5.91×10^-20 cm²,光谱质量参数χ=1.01,荧光分支比为42.9%。综上所述,Nb₂O₅能提高Nd³⁺ 0.9 μm的荧光分支比,从而倍频获得纯蓝光(450 nm),有利于蓝光激光器的发展及应用。     

Nd:YAG晶体的光谱测试及其新波长激光

采用提拉法生长了掺Nd3+量为1.2%(摩尔分数)的Nd3+:Y3A15O12(Nd:YAG)激光晶体.测定了Nd:YAG晶体室温下300～3 000nm的吸收光谱和808nm激光激发的荧光光谱,核定了Stark能级的位置.结果表明:Nd:YAG晶体产生的1.3μm波长激光适用于光通讯,并具有人眼安全,对大气吸收低等特点,可用于激光雷达和和外科手术.4F3/2→4I9/2跃迁的946 nm激光,倍频后产生的473nm蓝色激光,在激光存储和光显示方面有重要应用.4F3/2→4I11/2跃迁的1122nm激光倍频后可产生561 nm黄色激光,可用作生物显微镜光源.     

硫酸铅在硼硅酸盐玻璃熔体中的溶解特性

针对高硫、高钠的高放废液玻璃固化过程中Na₂SO₄极易分解和分相的问题,本文提出在模拟高放废液中加入适量Pb(NO₃)₂溶液将Na₂SO₄转变成PbSO₄,再利用熔融法制备硼硅酸盐玻璃固化体。首次采用在钢铁材料中广泛应用的高温激光共聚焦显微镜原位观察PbSO₄在玻璃熔体中的溶解特性,并探究不同温度(800～1 150 ℃)下PbSO₄与硼硅酸盐玻璃混合熔制后的热稳定性以及玻璃体中的硫含量。结果表明:在硼硅酸盐玻璃中掺入6%(质量分数,以SO₃计)PbSO₄的样品在800 ℃和900 ℃为均匀的玻璃陶瓷,其中800 ℃时主要含SiO₂及少量BaSO₄、PbSO₄晶体,900 ℃时SiO₂晶体减少,BaSO₄晶体增多,PbSO₄消失并出现CaMgSi₂O₆晶体;样品在1 000 ℃时玻璃表面开始出现由PbO、BaSO₄、LiNaSO₄晶体组成的白色分相,在1 000～1 100 ℃时圆形PbO晶体逐渐长大,BaSO₄晶体由块状变为条状;样品在800～1 000 ℃时玻璃体中的硫含量基本保持不变,随着温度进一步升高硫含量迅速下降。     

低阈值激光自倍频晶体Nd:GdCa4O(BO3)3

利用提拉法生长出大尺寸、高质量的激光自倍频晶体Nd:GdCa4O(BO3)3 (Nd:GdCOB).测量了Nd:GdCOB晶体的室温偏振透过谱及荧光谱,计算了其在530 nm和811 nm处沿不同主轴的吸收截面.利用电光调Q-Nd:YAG激光器,首次测试得出晶体位于XY主平面外的(θ=66.8°,φ=132.6°)位相匹配方向的有效倍频系数为2.1 pm/V;而在XY主平面内(θ=90°,φ=46°)的方向为0.7 pm/V.通过计算和实验比较,认为前者位相匹配方向为最佳倍频方向.用钛宝石连续激光器对这两个方向的样品进行自倍频实验,在520 mW的输入功率时获得绿光输出为11.3 mW,光-光转换效率为2.3%,激光阈值低于1 mW.目前θ=66.8°,φ=132.6°匹配方向在大功率钛宝石泵浦下,转换效率可以达到14.4%.     

Li3PO4掺杂的Li(Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3)O2锂离子电池正极材料的流变相法合成及电化学性能表征

采用氢氧化物共沉淀法制备了锂离子电池正极材料前驱体(Ni_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3)(OH)₂,并用流变相反应法合成了Li₃PO₄掺杂的Li(Ni_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3)O₂锂离子电池正极材料。运用X射线粉末衍射和恒电流充放电对产物进行了结构和电化学性能的表征,结果表明Li₃PO₄掺杂的Li(Ni_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3)O₂具有标准的层状α-NaFeO₂结构,样品为1 μm左右的片状一次颗粒聚集而成的类球形二次颗粒。掺杂1%(质量分数)Li₃PO₄的Li(Ni_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3)O₂锂离子电池在0.1C的倍率下首次放电比容量达到188.6 mA·h·g^-1(2.2～4.6 V vs Li⁺/Li),30次循环后容量保持率为 92.9%。循环伏安、交流阻抗测试表明Li₃PO₄的掺杂可减少充放电过程中电解液和电极之间的电荷传递电阻和锂离子扩散电阻,减小极化作用,从而提升了Li(Ni_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3)O₂材料的电化学性能。     

掺钬氟化钇钡激光晶体气氛制备研究

本文通过在多晶原料合成,温场结构设计,BYF熔体特性,不同气氛环境晶体生长参数选择,晶体结构特性等方面开展了相关实验验证研究,生长出掺杂的Ho:BaY₂F₈晶体,并对晶体结构、缺陷、激光应用进行了相关测试,实现了3.9μm脉冲激光输出。     

Yb3+∶La2CaB10O19晶体的生长

以CaB4O7为助熔剂生长出尺寸为31 mm×32 mm×12 mm、质量较好的掺Yb3+的摩尔分数分别为10%,15%的Yb3+∶La2CaB10O19(Yb3+∶LCB)单晶,生长工艺参数是:降温速率＜0.5 ℃/d,转速＜12 r/min.测试了晶体的X射线粉末衍射谱、透射光谱和粉末倍频效应,结果表明:Yb3+∶LCB晶体的粉末衍射峰与LCB的衍射峰一致;Yb3+∶LCB晶体在925, 975 nm附近有明显的吸收峰,其中975 nm附近吸收很强;倍频效应与KDP同一量级.     

高掺杂浓度Yb:YAG晶体的生长及激光性能

用引上法生长了30％Yb:YAG(摩尔分数,下同）晶体,研究了晶体的生长工艺参数和退火工艺参数;用940nm吸收系数表征了Yb^3 离子在Yb:YAG晶体中的分布情况,结果表明：Yb^3 离子在Yb:YAG晶体中分布均匀,研究了晶体微片的激光特性,用钛定石激光器泵浦30％Yb:YAG微片,获得了1．053μm的高效激光输出。     

煅烧温度对磁性铁钛复合氧化物微观结构及脱硝活性的影响

利用共沉淀微波法构筑新型磁性铁钛复合氧化物催化剂,研究了煅烧温度对其物性结构及NH₃-SCR脱硝性能的影响,揭示了钛掺杂对磁性γ-Fe₂O₃晶体高温热转化及其脱硝性能的优化机制。结果表明：当煅烧温度由300℃升至500℃时,磁性铁氧化物的比表面积、孔容先增大后减小,且较高的煅烧温度促使其γ-Fe₂O₃晶体逐步转变为α-Fe₂O₃晶体,导致磁性铁氧化物表面Fe²⁺和活性氧浓度增大,促使其NH₃-SCR脱硝性能降低;掺杂钛可提高磁性铁氧化物的热稳定性,抑制了高温煅烧下γ-Fe₂O₃晶体向α-Fe₂O₃晶体的不可逆转变和其孔隙结构的坍塌,增大了高温煅烧时磁性铁氧化物催化剂的比表面积和比孔容,合适的煅烧温度为400℃;该煅烧温度下,催化剂低温活性最佳,反应温度高于220℃、空速比60000h^-1时可获得80%以上的NO_x转化效率。     

聚偏氟乙烯/三氧化二锑复合材料的制备及其激光标记性能研究

将三氧化二锑(Sb₂O₃)引入聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)基体中,制备具有近红外激光响应性的PVDF/Sb₂O₃复合材料。探究Sb₂O₃的含量、粒径和激光参数(激光电流、激光扫描速率)对PVDF/Sb₂O₃复合材料激光标记性能的影响。结果表明:当Sb₂O₃含量为3%,粒径为0.2μm,激光电流为11 A,扫描速率为600 mm/s,对PVDF/Sb₂O₃复合材料的激光标记综合效果最佳。激光炭化的程度直接影响,复合材料的表面颜色深度与粗糙度。激光标记产生的无定型碳物质,是构成激光标记图案的主要组成部分。     

Dielectric and Pyroelectric Properties of 〈111〉-Oriented Fe-Doped 0.62Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.38PbTiO3 Single Crystals

Fe-doped 0.62Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃–0.38PbTiO₃ (PMN–0.38PT) single crystals were grown by a modified Bridgman technique. Two kinds of single crystals with different iron ion molar ratios, (i) 0.2 mol% and (ii) 1.0 mol%, were obtained. The effect of doping iron ions on the dielectric and pyroelectric properties of the 〈111〉-oriented PMN–0.38PT single crystals was examined. The temperature of the permittivity maximum ( T _m) exhibits no dispersion behavior and decreases with increasing doping concentration. The dielectric loss of the 0.2 mol% Fe-doped PMN–0.38PT single crystal is much lower than that of the high dopant content crystal (1.0 mol%) and undoped crystal, which makes it possess excellent pyroelectric performance. By a dynamic method, the measured pyroelectric coefficient and detectivity figure of merit ( F _D) of 0.2 mol% Fe-doped PMN–0.38PT single crystal are 439 μC/m²·K and 56.3 μPa^−1/2, respectively, both better than those of widely used pyroelectric single crystal LiTaO₃. The results imply that the single crystal is a promising candidate for infrared detectors and other pyroelectric applications. The mechanism of doping effect was also discussed based on the principles of crystal chemistry.     

Synthesis and Performance of Advanced Ceramic Lasers

This paper reports recent progress in the production of polycrystalline Nd:YAG (Y₃Al₅O₁₂), Nd:YSAG (Y₃Sc_1.0Al_4.0O₁₂), Yb:YSAG ceramics, and a Nd-doped YAG single crystal with an almost perfect pore-free structure by advanced ceramic processing. The laser conversion efficiency of pore-free polycrystalline Nd- and Yb-doped ceramics is extremely high, and their optical qualities are comparable with that of commercial high-quality Nd:YAG single crystals. We have also succeeded in the fabrication of a Nd:YAG single crystal, which can be used for laser oscillation, by the solid-state reaction method. Laser oscillation efficiency was very low when the pores remained inside the single crystal; however, the laser oscillation efficiency of the pore-free Nd:YAG single crystal was slightly higher than that of polycrystalline Nd:YAG ceramics having high optical quality. From this fact, it was recognized that optical scattering occurs mainly in the residual pores inside the Nd:YAG ceramics and the scattering at the grain boundary is very less. In addition, we confirmed that a heavily doped Nd:YAG single crystal can be fabricated by the sintering method. Moreover, we have demonstrated the fabrication of a composite ceramic with complicated structures without the need for precise polishing and diffusion bonding. Advanced ceramic processing, which enables design flexibility of the laser element, presented in this work is important in the development of a high-performance laser (high efficiency, high beam quality, and high output energy, etc.)     

Improved direct bonding method of Nd:YVO4 and YVO4 laser crystals

We succeeded in the fabrication of bonded laser crystals composed of a neodymium-doped YVO₄ laser crystal (Nd:YVO₄) and its host crystals YVO₄ by a newly developed dry etching technique using an argon ion beam. The optical distortion caused by the bonded interface of size 5 mm × 6 mm was estimated to be 0.05λ at 633 nm. From the comparison of laser performance pumped by a laser diode, the bonded crystals could increase the laser output power by nearly twice that of the non-bonded crystals with the same degree of polarization of 99.2%. To analyze the mechanism of the enhanced reduction of the thermal load in the bonded crystals, numerical simulations with a finite-element method were also performed.     

Growth of BA(TI1-xZRx)O3 single crystal fibers by laser heated pedestal growth technique

Ba(Ti_1-xZr_x)O₃ (x = 0.15 and 0.2) single crystal fibers were grown by the laser heated pedestal growth (LHPG) technique. The XRD results show that the grown crystals are of single phase. Temperature dependence of dielectric permittivity, room temperature hysteresis loops and strain were measured. A broad permittivity peak was observed with the temperature of the dielectric constant maximum T_m ≌ 339 K for x = 0.15, and T_m = 310 K for x = 0.2. The data were in agreement with those of corresponding ceramics, indicating that the compositions of the single crystals were similar to those starting stoichiometry (ceramics). The remnant polarization of 8.5 and 4.0 μC/cm² was obtained for x = 0.15 and 0.2, respectively. The strain level of ~0.065% and high field d₃₃ of ~ 130 pC/N for x = 0.15 were obtained.     

Effect of Yb concentration on the microstructures,spectra, and laser performance of Yb: CaF2 transparent ceramics

Ytterbium-doped calcium fluoride transparent ceramics is considered as a promising laser gain medium. How to prepare low scattering loss ceramics is the main challenge at present. In this study, a simple route of hot-pressing method was introduced to fabricate high optical quality of Yb: CaF₂ laser ceramics with different concentration of Yb ions. The influence of Yb concentration on the particle sizes of the powders, microstructure, fluorescence spectra, output power, and laser emitting spectra of Yb: CaF₂ transparent ceramics was discussed. About 976 nm LD pumped CW laser operation has been demonstrated in 1, 2, 4, and 5 at.% Yb doped CaF₂ ceramics. A maximum average output power of 0.809 W was obtained for the 5 at.% Yb: CaF₂ ceramics with the slope efficiency was 26%.     

填充方钴矿热电器件的结构优化设计与性能

基于热电器件全参数设计模型,设计并制备了具有不同拓扑结构的填充方钴矿器件,通过器件仿真模拟结果与实验数据的比对和分析,解析器件结构、界面、连接工艺等对器件输出性能的影响并建立其定量关系;使用批量合成的n型Yb_0.3Co₄Sb₁₂和p型Ce Fe_3.85Mn_0.65Sb₁₂填充方钴矿材料制备的单级器件最大转换效率达到9.8%,输出功率密度达1.42 W/cm2。     

Fabrication and properties of multistage gradient doping Yb:YAG laser ceramics

In order to fully pump and smoothen the temperature gradient of the gain medium, multistage gradient doping Yb:YAG laser ceramics were designed. The composite green bodies were fabricated by tape casting, and multistage gradient doping Yb:YAG ceramics with high optical quality were prepared by vacuum sintering and hot isostatic pressing. For samples pre-sintered at 1740°C for 30 h and then HIP-ed at 1700°C for 3 h in argon at 200 MPa, the in-line transmission values at 1100 nm of YAG, 0.6 at.%Yb:YAG, and 1.5 at.%Yb:YAG ceramics were found to be 83.9%, 84.1%, and 83.3%, respectively. Finally, the 940 nm laser diode was used as the pump source to realize the 1030 nm laser output of multistage gradient doping Yb:YAG ceramic slab with a total energy of 3.43 J. The corresponding optical-to-optical conversion and slope efficiencies were 30% and 45%.     

Diode-Pumped Yb:YAG Ceramic Laser

Transparent polycrystalline Yb:YAG ceramics were fabricated by solid-state reactive sintering a mixture of commercial Al₂O₃, Y₂O₃, and Yb₂O₃ powders. The powders were mixed in ethanol and doped with 0.5 wt% tetraethoxysilane, dried, and pressed. Pressed samples were sintered at 1730°C in vacuum. Transparent fully dense samples with grain sizes of several micrometers were obtained. The phase from 1500° to 1700°C was important for the grain growth, in which the grains grew quickly and a mass of pores were eliminated from the body of the sample. Annealing was an important step to remove the vacancies of oxygen and transform Yb²⁺ to Yb³⁺. The 1 at.% Yb:YAG ceramic sample was pumped by a diode laser to study the laser properties. The maximum output power of 1.02 W was obtained with a slope efficiency of 25% at 1030 nm. The size of the lasering sample was 4 mm × 4 mm × 3 mm.     

Deposition of carbon nitride via hot filament assisted CVD and pulsed laser deposition

Bias-assisted hot filament chemical vapour deposition (HFCVD) and ion-assisted pulsed laser deposition (IA-PLD) have been employed to deposit carbon nitride films. Crystalline C-N films composed of - and β---C₃N₄, as well as some unpredicted C-N solids have been synthesized on Ni(100) substrates via HFCVD using a gas mixture of nitrogen and methane. The crystal constants of the - and β-C₃N₄ phases, obtained via X-ray diffraction, coincide well with those predicted theoretically; additionally, cone-shaped crystals are observed on the Si(100) substrates. Similarly, high density cone-shaped (Si)-C-N crystals have been obtained on Si(100) substrates via ion-assisted pulsed laser ablation of a carbon (graphite) target intersecting a nitrogen ion beam. Amorphous C-N films were also produced using this method.     

Al2O3掺杂对γ-C2S碳化性能的影响

本文研究了Al₂O₃掺杂对γ-C₂S熟料粒径、微观结构和力学性能的影响。试验结果表明:Al₂O₃掺杂不会改变γ-C₂S的晶型,但显著改变了其形貌;纯相γ-C₂S颗粒表面褶皱较多,颗粒尺寸较大,掺杂Al₂O₃后γ-C₂S颗粒表面褶皱消失而变得光滑;γ-C₂S碳化体的抗压强度与碳化程度随着Al₂O₃掺量的提高逐渐增加。通过碳化反应温升并结合碳酸钙衍射峰的半峰宽和X射线衍射仪(XRD)定量分析表明,Al₂O₃掺杂延缓了碳化放热,有利于碳化反应的持久进行,同时促进了碳酸钙晶粒的生长和数量的增加,从而使碳化程度更高,基体结构更加密实,因而抗压强度更高。