Ca0．6Mg0．4Zr4（PO4）6纳米粉体的共沉淀法合成与表征

采用直接共沉淀法，以等化学计量比的Ca（NO3）2·4H2O、Mg（NO3）2·6H2O、ZrO（NO3）2·8H2O和NH4H2PO4等无机盐为原料，控制共沉淀反应过程pH=9时，合成了单相的Ca0．6Mg0．4Zr4（PO4）6（C0．6M0．4ZP）纳米粉体，并采用TG-DSC、XRD、纳米粒度分析、SEM和TEM等分析测试手段对合成的Ca0．6Mg0.4Zr4（PO4）6（C0．6M0．4ZP）纳米粉体进行了测试表征。TG-DSC和XRD分析表明，沉淀物经900℃左右热处理即可获得单相的C0．6M0．4ZP纳米粉体。SEM和TEM分析表明，沉淀物在900℃煅烧3h，可获得颗粒粒径为30nm左右的C0．6M0．4ZP纳米粉体，粉体颗粒呈球形，但合成纳米粉体存在团聚现象，导致采用纳米粒度分析仪测定的纳米粉体颗粒尺寸主要分布在30～70nm之间，平均粒径达到45nm。合成C0．6M0．4ZP纳米粉体制备的干压试样，在1300℃保温3h烧成后相对密度达到95．3％，抗弯强度为125．7MPa。     

碳纳米管强韧化二硅化钼复合材料

利用机械合金化（MA）方法合成MoSi2纳米先驱粉体，并对碳纳米管（CNT）进行超声分散，将MoSi2和CNT湿法球磨混合后，采用热压烧结方法制备了CNT／MoSi2复合材料。结果表明，Mo-Si粉末按原子比1：2混合，以转速510r／min球磨24h得到杂质含量较低的MoSi2纳米粉体。烧结后材料的相组成分析结果显示，不含CNT的MoSi2材料主要为MoSi2相，同时含有少量Mo5Si3；添加CNT后，复合材料中新增了少量的SiC，Mo5Si3的含量也比非增强MoSi2中高。CNT／MoSi2复合材料强度和韧性较纯MoSi2材料均有提高，含2．5％（质量分数，下同）CNT复合材料的抗弯强度提高了72％，添加I％CNT复合材料的断裂韧性提高T43％。对CNT／MoSi2复合材料显微结构分析发现，CNT细化材料晶粒，CNT的拔出，CNT使裂纹偏转、分支和桥联等机制综合作用提高了复合材料的韧性。细晶强化和弥散强化作用提高了材料强度。     

稀土氧化铈(CeO2)与铸态Cu-Ni-Si合金性能

在Cu—Ni—Si合金中加入稀土氧化铈（CeO2），研究稀土氧化铈（CeO2）量对铸态Cu—Ni—Si合金组织与性能的影响。结果表明：适量添加稀土氧化铈（CeO2）能显著细化铸态合金的晶粒，提高合金抗拉强度，对电导率则影响较小。在合金中添加0．06％稀土氧化铈的Cu—Ni—Si材料，铸态条件下的抗拉强度可达4uMPa，比未加稀土的合金材料的抗拉强度提高了40．7％。过量添加稀土，合金的晶粒尺寸并不能继续细化，却显著降低材料的抗拉强度。     

反应铸渗法制备Fe-WC表面复合材料的工艺研究

试验研究了工艺参数对反应铸渗法制备Fe—WC表面复合材料的影响。结果表明：在低放热反应体系（w＋C）的压坯中添加高放热反应体系（2Al＋3CuO）的助燃剂可以有效地促进反应铸渗的进行；压坯致密度过大时，反应铸渗不能进行完全：浇注温度太低时，不能引燃和维持反应铸渗的进行。较好的工艺参数组合是：（2Al＋3CuO）助燃剂5％-10％，压坯致密度30％左右．浇注温度1450-1550℃。     

α-Si3N4陶瓷的液相烧结及其介电性能

以MgO、Al2O3和SiO2作为烧结助剂，采用放电等离子烧结（SPS）方法制备密度可控的α-si3N4陶瓷材料。讨论了SPS方法制备α-Si3N4陶瓷材料的烧结行为和烧结机理，以及烧结助剂添加量和烧结温度等影响因素与材料密度的关系。结果表明：当烧结温度为1400-1500℃，烧结助剂添加量为9％～28．5％（质量分数，下同）时，可以制备出密度可控，且密度变化范围为2．48～3．09g／cm^3的α-Si3N4陶瓷材料，试样的主相为α-Si3N4，烧结机理为SPS低温液相烧结，材料在频率为1MHz时的介电常数为5～7．5，与密度关系密切。     

生体医用合金的开发

生体医用Ti-30Nb-10Ta-XZr合金Ti-29％Nb-13％Ta-4．6％Zr和Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta合金（均为质量百分数）简称Ti—Nb—Ta—Zr系合金，具有优良的生体相容性和低的弹性模量。前一合金的力学性能和作为骨折修复材料使用时骨质再生性和细胞毒性等生体相容性，都比传统生体用钛合金优越。此次则研究了含有不同Zr添加量的Ti-30Nb-10Ta—XZr合金的显微组织和力学性能，研究用的合金是利用粉末冶金法制备的Ti-29Nb-13Ta—XZr合金，分别制备了无Zr的和添加3％、7％和10％Zr的合金（分别简称OZr、3Zr、7Zr和10Zr合金）。     

Pd^2＋离子对TiO2光催化薄膜化学稳定性的影响

采用Sol—Gel工艺在普通玻璃表面制备出均匀、透明的添加0．3％～0．5％贵金属Pd^2 的TiO2-SiO2复合薄膜。通过对薄膜的XRD，SEM表征及薄膜耐酸、碱化学稳定性的检测，结果表明，在TiO2—SiO2薄膜中添加Pd^2 ，增强了TiO2薄膜的光催化活性，由于Pd^2 所起到阻滞剂的作用，使晶粒尺寸减小，表面呈多孔合理结构，改善了TiO2薄膜的显微结构，使薄膜的化学稳定性得到明显的提高。     

ZrO2对Mo-Al2O3金属陶瓷性能的影响

对添加1．0％～5．0％（质量分数，下同）ZrO2的金属陶瓷强度测试表明，随着ZrO2含量的增加，材料的强度提高，添加量为3．5％时的材料强度达到最高，超过3．5％后材料强度呈下降趋势。材料中添加4％ZrO2的陶瓷晶粒比不含ZrO2的材料略大，但对材料的氧化趋势没有影响。含ZrO2的Mo-Al2O3金属陶瓷热电偶保护套管在N2保护下的1700℃左右比不含ZrO2的套管使用寿命长1倍以上。     

钴的添加方式对α-Ni（OH）2电化学性能的影响

采用化学共沉淀法制备了可以在强碱性溶液中稳定存在的α—Ni（OH）2，比较了物理添加Co粉、晶格掺杂Co^2＋以及表面包覆Co（OH）2等Co的不同添加方式对α-Ni（OH）2电化学性能的影响。利用X射线衍射（XRD）对电极循环过程中的结构变化进行了表征，采用恒流充放电测试方法研究了所制备的α-Ni（OH）2在不同电流密度下的放电比容量。结果表明3种方式添加Co都可以在一定程度上提高样品的循环稳定性和大电流放电比容量，其中以表面包覆Co（OH）2的方式效果最为明显。     

TaC、Cr_3C_2对WC-Co硬质合金组织和性能的影响

研究了添加：TaC、Cr3C2对WC－10Co合金组织结构和性能影响，讨论了相关机理。结果表明，少量添加TaC（2－m％）、Cr3C2（0．44m％）可导致WC－10Co合金的WC晶粒明显细化’WC邻接度下降，γ相平均自由程减小，但强韧性有所下降；Cr3C2助长WC－10Co合金WC晶粒断续长大；TaC－WC固溶体耐碱蚀性差；合金断口中沿WC—WC品界脆断比例增加，TaC－WC固溶体晶粒倾向于穿晶劈裂。工艺中控制TaC、Cr3C2添加量、确保WC～Cr3C2粉碳化完善以及同时添加TaC、Cr3C2对确保合金材质至关重要。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.