循环相变对T250马氏体时效钢组织和性能的影响

通过DSC法测量T250马氏体时效钢的再结晶温度,随后采用多种α'→γ循环相变细化工艺进行试验,其加热温度高于再结晶温度50~150℃。结果表明,T250马氏体时效钢的再结晶温度为773℃;通过对比,确定先经过低温固溶的变温循环相变细化工艺为最佳细化工艺,其晶粒尺寸最终达到9.1μm;但循环相变对T250马氏体时效钢的硬度影响不大。利用T250马氏体时效钢进行循环热处理,成功地获得超细化晶粒,并且确定最佳细化工艺。经过循环热处理,晶粒得到明显细化,较好地达到晶粒超细化的目的。     

GCr15钢组织超细化及其力学性能的研究

本文对GCr15钢采用快速加热循环淬火法实现了奥氏体晶粒的超细化。超细化工艺为830℃加热油淬,循环2～3次,晶粒度达15级以上,超细化处理后的力学性能与常规热处理相比,强度提高、冲击韧性和多冲寿命显著提高。     

30CrMnSi钢过热组织超细化工艺对比研究

对30CrMnSi钢过热组织采用多种热处理工艺进行了超细化处理,运用定量金相分析技术对处理结果进行了对比和评价,并讨论了每种工艺的晶粒细化机制。结果表明：“两次正火＋淬火”工艺对该钢的过热组织超细化效果显著;当循环次数为2－3次时,“奥氏体单相循环淬火”工艺也有较好的效果。     

循环加热.淬火工艺下超细晶奥氏体的晶粒演变特征

分别利用含Nb钢和Nb-V-Ti钢研究了循环加热-淬火工艺下原始组织分别为温轧铁素体/珠光体、温轧回火马氏体以及常规铁素体/贝氏体的热模拟试样在不同循环次数条件下所获得的超细晶奥氏体晶粒的演变特征。研究表明:复合微合金化更有利于该工艺下奥氏体晶粒的超细化,且相比之下以温轧铁素体/珠光体为原始组织更有利于获得超细晶奥氏体,利用这一原始组织在3~4次循环加热-淬火处理后得到奥氏体晶粒尺寸在1~2μm;同样原始组织条件下,单纯添加Nb使得实现最大程度奥氏体晶粒超细化效果所需要的循环加热-淬火次数减少;根据Nb-V-Ti复合微合金钢中析出相粒子的透射及能谱分析发现,V的大量固溶以及Nb的部分溶解很大程度上决定着微合金元素添加对奥氏体晶粒超细化的影响程度。     

模具强化工艺研究

自从 R.A.Grange 提出“快速加热循环淬火法”以来,被公认为是钢晶粒超细化的一种有效方法。二十多年来、此方法已在轴承生产超塑性研究中得到应用。作者依据其原理试验了一种新的模具强化工艺,以提高模具的使用寿命。1.模具强化工艺的原理钢的快速加热循环淬火超细化方法是将钢快速加热至临界点 Ac3或 Ac1以上淬火。一般通过3～4次这样的反复循环,便可使钢的奥氏体晶粒细化到13～14级以上。对于过共析工具钢,还可使碳化物得到一定的细化。由于过共析钢中的碳化物是钢中产生裂纹的主要发源     

循环淬火对B/M超高强钢奥氏体晶粒细化的影响

采用"热模拟试验法"进行了超高强度钢的循环热处理试验。通过热循环曲线并结合微观组织研究了循环淬火过程中奥氏体细化规律。结果表明,随着循环淬火次数的增加,奥氏体晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,晶粒细化效果明显。     

模具钢超塑性及型腔模成形研究

采用循环淬火方式,运用正交设计的方法,得出了5CrMnMo模具钢细化晶粒的最佳工艺参数;研究了它的超塑性力学特征,测定了超塑性力学参数。运用开式—闭式复合超塑性挤压方法,生产出几种螺帽、螺母模具,并应用于生产。     

无Co马氏体时效钢筒形锻件的晶粒细化

为了细化T250无钴马氏体时效钢筒形锻件的晶粒,确保产品性能,对其进行了锻后反复循环加热急冷的热处理工艺试验。结果表明,温度递减的变温循环热处理可以使T250马氏体时效钢锻造后的晶粒得到一定程度的细化;循环热处理细化晶粒的机理与普通结构钢不同,需要有较长的保温时间,使其组织发生再结晶转变;循环热处理细化晶粒的作用有限,不能忽视锻造时对晶粒长大的防止和控制。     

Mn钢的快速循环热处理

一、绪言一般,金属材料的强度和韧性是两个互相矛盾的性能,但晶粒超细化处理是使强度和韧性能得到改善的一种手段。目前,可用许多方法获得超细晶粒,其中之一就是Grange等人发明的快速循环热处理法,既将钢快速加热到较低的奥氏体化温度,进行快速冷却,反复循环两次以上的超细化方法。这种方法的超细化程度受原始     

超细晶双相钢无缝钢管的中频感应热处理工艺研究

热轧无缝钢管通过中频感应加热进行循环加热+淬火工艺处理后,基体内的组织将发生多次相变,从而使铁素体以及奥氏体淬火后得到的马氏体晶粒均得以细化。通过循环热处理工艺得到基体为铁素体+马氏体组织的超细晶双相钢,且多次循环后双相钢内的铁素体晶粒可细化到1μm左右。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.