Investigation of mechanical properties and devitrification of Cu-based bulk glass formers alloyed with noble metals

The mechanical properties, glass-forming ability, supercooled liquid region and devitrification behaviour of the Cu–Zr–Ti–(Pd, Ag, Pt and Au) bulk glass formers were studied by using a mechanical testing machine, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and isothermal calorimetry. The bulk glassy alloys of diameter 2 mm were formed in the Cu₅₅Zr₃₀Ti₁₀Pd₅ and Cu₅₅Zr₃₀Ti₁₀Ag₅ alloys while Cu₅₅Zr₃₀Ti₁₀Au₅ bulk alloy showed mixed glassy and crystalline structure. No glassy phase was formed in the Cu₅₅Zr₃₀Ti₁₀Pt₅ bulk alloy whereas the glassy phase was formed in all of the ribbon samples prepared by rapid solidification. The studied alloys except for the Pt-bearing one have slightly increased compressive fracture or yield strength values compared to ternary Cu₆₀Zr₃₀Ti₁₀ glassy alloy. At the same time Pd and Au addition significantly expand the supercooled liquid region of Cu–Zr–Ti glassy alloy and increase Young’s modulus. A nanoicosahedral phase is primarily formed in the Cu₅₅Zr₃₀Ti₁₀(Pd,Au)₅ glassy alloys in the initial stage of the devitrification process by nucleation and three-dimensional diffusion-controlled growth. Nearly the same quasilattice constant obtained in the Cu₅₅Zr₃₀Ti₁₀(Pd,Au)₅ alloys illustrates the same type of the icosahedral phase in these alloys. However, no icosahedral phase was found in the Cu₅₅Zr₃₀Ti₁₀(Ag,Pt)₅ alloys.     

大块非晶合金的研究动态及应用前景

综述了大块非晶合金的各种制备方法、性能特点及应用前景,主要介绍了国内外该领域主要的研究进展和研究动态。着重介绍了具有极大非晶形成能力的Zr基、Cu基大块非晶合金,它们都能在较低的冷却速率（1K／s左右）下用铜模铸造法制备,具有高的强度、高耐腐蚀性和优异的加工成型性能。     

Ti基大块非晶合金研究进展

钛合金由于具有高的比强度，在许多领域中得到广泛应用。Ti基大块非晶合金具有更高的比强度，是极具发展潜力的机构材料。本文综述了Ti基大块非晶合金的成分设计、玻璃形成能力、制备技术及机械性能，介绍了目前该领域的研究现状。     

Zr基块状非晶态合金变形与断裂的研究进展

近十几年来，块状非晶态合金的出现进一步提高了人们对非晶态合金的认识，也给进一步开发非晶态合金的应用带来了更加广闽的前景。简要介绍了Zr基块状非晶态合金的力学性能特点，着重叙述了其变形和断裂行为。     

放电等离子烧结制备块体非晶合金研究进展

非晶合金又称“金属玻璃”,是由于超快速冷却凝固导致无法有序排列结晶,从而得到的一种长程无序结构。这种非晶合金与存在晶界和位错的普通合金相比,具有更加优异的力学及物化性能。由于粉末状或条状非晶合金在尺寸和性能等方面的限制,因而大尺寸、优异力学性能及软磁性能卓越的块体非晶合金的制备受到了大量关注与探究。放电等离子烧结技术以温度低、效率高、时间短及冷却速率快等优点,被认为是一种具有广阔发展前景的制备方法。对Fe基、Zr基、Al基及Ti基本身的特点,以及通过放电等离子烧结技术制备不同体系块体非晶合金的物理及化学性能的研究进行了较为全面的综述。概述了放电等离子烧结技术的原理及在制备块体非晶合金方面的优势;分析了放电等离子烧结技术和制备的块体非晶合金材料存在的问题,以及采用该技术制备块体非晶合金的发展前景。重点介绍了在采用该制备不同体系的块体非晶合金时,如何通过改变放电等离子烧结参数,或通过再加工、本身粉末添加元素等方法获得大尺寸、优异性能的块体非晶合金。     

Compressive fracture behavior of Cu-based bulk amorphous alloys

The mechanical properties of newly developed Cu_52.5 − xTi₃₀Zr_11.5Ni₆Al_x (x = 0, 1, 1.5, 2 at.%) bulk amorphous alloys were investigated under compressive condition. They exhibit high fracture strength of 2212 MPa, 2165 MPa, 2209 MPa and 2286 MPa, respectively. Three distinct vein patterns corresponding to the different zones can be observed on the fracture surfaces of the samples. Fracture propagation along two different directions and formation of striated vein patterns may contribute to the higher compressive fracture strength of the tested Cu-based bulk amorphous alloys.     

高强度Zr基大块非晶合金的研究进展

Zr基大块非晶合金具有极大的非晶形成能力,能在较低的冷却速率(＜103K/s)下用铜模铸造法制备.Zr基大块非晶合金的强度高达1.8GPa,具有高耐腐蚀性和优异的加工成形性能,在实际工程中有着广阔的应用前景.综述了Zr基大块非晶合金的制备方法、性能特点及主要应用,介绍了国内外在该领域的主要研究进展和研究动态.     

添加Nb元素对TiZr基非晶复合材料性能的影响

使用铜模铸造法制备(Ti_45.7Zr₃₃Ni₃Cu_5.8Be_12.5)_(1-0.01x)Nb _x (x=0、2、4、6、8和10,记为Nb0、Nb2、Nb4、Nb6、Nb8和Nb10)的TiZr基非晶合金复合材料,研究了添加Nb元素对TiZr基非晶复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,Nb元素含量的提高使材料中β相的晶粒尺寸更大、体积分数提高和形变诱发马氏体相变受到抑制。Nb元素的添加,使这种非晶复合材料的塑性大大提高,而屈服强度降低。值得注意的是,Nb元素的添加还提高了非晶复合材料力学性能的可重复性。在Nb0~Nb4等具有形变诱发相变的非晶复合材料生成的小板条α'马氏体,能诱导多重剪切带的生成。在Nb6~Nb10这种未发生形变诱发相变行为的非晶复合材料中,大量位错在β相中产生并在界面处积累形成位错台阶,从而引发多重剪切带的形成,最终使非晶复合材料的塑性提高。     

Cast bulk ZrTiAlCuNi amorphous alloys

Cylindrical bulk amorphous samples with diameters up to 10 mm have been prepared by casting ZrTiAlCuNi alloys in a copper mould. In order to rank glass-forming ability as a function of alloy composition, alloys were also cast into wedge-shaped moulds; to a first approximation, the thickness of the amorphous region obtained can be taken as an indication of glass-forming ability. The compositions which lead to the production of bulk glasses all have reduced glass transition temperatures in excess of 0.65 and the extremely high glass-forming ability of these compositions is discussed. We suggest that both the Al and Ti contents are determining factors for the production of bulk amorphous samples and these are believed to reduce the driving force for, and hence the rate of, crystallisation. These amorphous alloys have been found to display high thermal stability and can be annealed for several minutes in the supercooled liquid region. They are ductile at room temperature and have a high value of yield stress.     

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Nb-alloyed Cu–Zr–Al–Ni large-sized metallic glass composites

The effects of Nb on the microstructures and mechanical properties of large-sized (Cu_0.47Zr_0.47Al_0.06)_99???xNi₁Nb_x (x?=?0, 0.5, 1, 2?at.-%) bulk metallic glass composites were investigated. It is verified that the liquidus temperature (T_l) of the Nb-added alloys decreases to cause the increase of glass-forming ability (GFA). The addition of Nb adjusts the distribution and the volume fraction of B2-CuZr phase in the Cu–Zr–Al–Ni large-sized composites by changing the GFA of the alloys. The mechanical properties of the composites strongly depend on the volume fraction and distribution of B2-CuZr phase in the glassy matrix. The alloy with 0.5?at.-% Nb addition exhibits the high mechanical properties, which should be attributed to the uniform distribution and the proper volume fraction of B2-CuZr phase in the glassy matrix.     

Micro and nano indentation studies on Zr60Cu10Al15Ni15 bulk metallic glass

Partially vitrified Zr₆₀Cu₁₀Al₁₅Ni₁₅ bulk metallic glass has been synthesized using water cooled copper mold drop casting technique. Kinetically favorable microstructures having different morphologies are observed throughout the volume of the bulk metallic glass sample. X-ray diffraction studies indicate formation of hard intermetallic compounds such as Zr₃Al₂ and Zr₂Ni in certain regions along with amorphous structures. Microindentation studies carried out in different regions of the sample reveal microstructure dependent deformation behavior. Highest hardness is observed in the fully crystallized regions compared to pure glassy regions in the same sample. Further nanoindentation in the same sample is used to understand dynamic mechanical properties of microstructures in different regions. The pile-up morphologies around the indent and differences in load–displacement curves provide vital information on deformation behavior of sample in different microstructure sensitive regions.     

Quasicrystal-reinforced Mg alloys

The formation of the icosahedral phase (I-phase) as a secondary solidification phase in Mg–Zn–Y and Mg–Zn–Al base systems provides useful advantages in designing high performance wrought magnesium alloys. The strengthening in two-phase composites (I-phase + α-Mg) can be explained by dispersion hardening due to the presence of I-phase particles and by the strong bonding property at the I-phase/matrix interface. The presence of an additional secondary solidification phase can further enhance formability and mechanical properties. In Mg–Zn–Y alloys, the co-presence of I and Ca₂Mg₆Zn₃ phases by addition of Ca can significantly enhance formability, while in Mg–Zn–Al alloys, the co-presence of the I-phase and Mg₂Sn phase leads to the enhancement of mechanical properties. Dynamic and static recrystallization are significantly accelerated by addition of Ca in Mg–Zn–Y alloy, resulting in much smaller grain size and more random texture. The high strength of Mg–Zn–Al–Sn alloys is attributed to the presence of finely distributed Mg₂Sn and I-phase particles embedded in the α-Mg matrix.     

Composition design and mechanical properties of ternary Cu–Zr–Ti bulk metallic glasses

The new compositions of ternary Cu–Zr–Ti bulk metallic glasses are predicted by integrating calculation of vacancy formation energy, mixing enthalpy and configuration entropy of the alloys based on thermodynamics of glass formers. The monolithic amorphous rods of 3 mm diameter have been successfully fabricated, and characterized by X-ray diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electronic microscopy, transmission electronic microscopy and compression tests. The results show that the designed alloys possess good glass forming ability and excellent mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of the samples can be effectively improved by regulating their composition. The monolithic amorphous rod of Cu₅₀Zr₄₄Ti₆ exhibits a high fracture strength of 1855 MPa and excellent plastic deformation up to ∼7.4%. The formation and propagation of shear bands in samples are also investigated. The enhancement of plastic deformation is mainly contributed to multiplication and intersection of shear bands.     

Fe基大块非晶合金塑性的研究进展

Fe基大块非晶合金因其优良的性能和成本优势已引起研究者的广泛关注,但脆性极大的缺陷阻碍其走向工程应用。综述了Fe基大块非晶合金塑性研究领域的最新进展,分析了其脆性产生的机理。介绍了目前常用的对Fe基大块非晶合金进行塑性增韧的方法,即成分设计法(微合金化)和添加第二相增韧法,提出了当前研究的重点。     

Effects of crystalline particles on mechanical properties of strip-cast Zr-base bulk amorphous alloy

Effects of crystalline phase particles formed in a strip-cast Zr-base bulk amorphous alloy on strength, ductility, and fracture toughness were investigated by directly observing microfracture processes using an in situ loading stage installed inside a scanning electron microscope chamber. The compressive and fracture toughness test results indicated that strength, ductility, and fracture toughness of the strip-cast amorphous alloy were higher than those of the as-cast monolithic amorphous alloy, although the strip-cast alloy contained a considerable amount (4.5 vol.%) of hard, brittle crystalline particles. According to the in situ microfracture observation, crystalline particles were easily cracked under low stress levels, acted as blocking sites of shear band or crack propagation, and provided initiation sites of multiple shear bands. Thus, the improvement of mechanical properties in the strip-cast alloy could be explained by mechanisms of (1) blocking of crack propagation, (2) formation of multiple shear bands, and (3) crack deflection by crystalline particles.     

镁基合金强韧化的新思路

简单回顾了提高镁合金强韧性的常用方法,结合新近发展的镁基合金大块非晶制备技术,提出了从晶化动力学过程来进一步提高镁合金强韧性的新思路.     

铝基非晶合金的研究进展

Al基非晶合金及纳米Al基非晶合金材料发展十分迅速,具有广阔的应用前景。综述了Al基非晶合金的制备、形成机制、玻璃形成能力、过热熔体脆性和块体Al基非晶合金及纳米Al基非晶复合材料的制备与性能等热点问题。     

Er对ZrCuNiAl非晶合金结构、力学性能、热稳定性及非晶形成能力的影响

以(Zr_0.6336Cu_0.1452Ni_0.1012Al_0.12)_100-xEr_x(x=0,0.5,1,1.5,2,2.5,3,原子分数,下同)系块体非晶合金为研究对象,通过改变微量元素Er的含量来研究Er对非晶合金的结构、力学性能、热稳定性及非晶形成能力的影响。结果表明:添加Er元素所制备出的试样都是完全非晶结构的合金。随着Er含量的增加,各试样的弹性模量呈现出先增大后减小,压缩塑性应变呈台阶式上升,x=0,x=0.5,x=1试样的塑性应变在4%的范围内波动;x=1.5,x=2,x=2.5试样的塑性应变在11%的范围内波动;x=3试样的塑性应变最高,其值为23.19%,弹性模量为37.76GPa,屈服强度为1604MPa,抗压强度为2068MPa,断裂强度为2060MPa;随着Er含量的增加,锆基非晶合金的热稳定性和非晶形成能力均先减小后增大。     

非晶钢研究进展

为了系统地介绍和了解非晶钢这一新型的铁基大块非晶合金,结合国外最新的有关非晶钢的报道,综述了非晶钢的发展历史、非晶成分设计、内在机制和应用前景等.通过实验优化合金成分使得非晶钢尺寸取得了突破,达到厘米级,减少使用贵金属降低成本,同时机械强度、硬度、抗腐蚀能力等性能远远优于同类晶态钢材.非晶钢的性能经过进一步的改善,将是极具发展潜力的结构材料和特殊功能材料.     

锌基-结晶硅、陶瓷粒子复合材料的组织与性能

本文研究了用流变铸造工艺制造的锌基-结晶硅,陶瓷粒子复合材料的组织、凝固特点、力学性能,热膨胀系数及摩擦磨损特性.研究发现,SiC粒子可作为高铝锌基合金的初生相的形核衬底,分布在晶内并可细化晶粒;硅粒子的分布与合金的结晶特性有关.而Al₂O₃粒子分布在晶界,对初生相有粗化趋势.也研究了粒子对锌基合金力学性能的影响,发现合金抗拉强度略有下降,硬度提高,粒子含量适当时延伸率及韧性提高.加入粒子后锌基合金热膨胀系数减小,耐磨性明显提高,从而使其能更好的满足模具,轴承材升的要求.