关于石油企业安全经济管理问题的探讨

在社会主义市场经济形势下,寓于企业生产经营和经济活动中的安全管理工作面临着严峻挑战。本文在结合石油企业生产经营特点和安全管理现状的基础上,将经济管理引入胜利油田的安全管理领域中,从而提高胜利油田经济运行质量,进一步加快生产经营管理由粗放型向集约型转化的速度。     

论工程项目安全管理

随着经济的迅速发展带动我国建筑业的迅猛发展,建设项目的规模不断扩大,对建筑质量的要求越来越高,同时对建筑工程项目的安全管理提出新的要求。安全生产是施工企业在建设项目管理工作中的重要组成部分,安全生产工作的好坏直接影响着工程项目的质量。安全管理工作也作为尤其重要的问题摆在了企业面前。质量和安全是工程企业建设过程中永恒的主题。     

如何提高电网基建财务管理水平

随着我国经济的不断发展,电力基建工程在国家经济社会中的发展越来越重要,特别是电网的安全运营关系到我国居民正常的生活水平,要保证电网的安全运营就必须加强电网基建工程监督管理,提高电网基建工程的质量。只有这样才能够发挥电力部门在国家经济地位中的作用,为促进国家经济增长提供电力保障。但是任何基建工程都要投入大量的资金,电力工程中的电网建设也是如此,因此就必须对电网建设过程中的财务进行管理,提高电网财务管理水平,为基建工程的顺利实施提供资金保证。在我国电网基建工程中很多电力企业在市场发展中出现了诸多问题,纷纷倒闭,其主要原因就是因为这些企业没有建立财务控制制度,导致企业管理和运营混乱,严重阻碍了企业的可持续健康发展。     

基于生产可能性边界的安全投入优化方法研究

安全也是生产力,安全投入的比例不协调、数额不足或投入过量等,对安全投入的经济效益乃至整个企业正常的生产运作都会产生影响。本文主研究经济学中的生产可能性边界在安全投入方法的优化中的应用。文章以中交第四公路工程局有限公司的一个工程项目为案例进行定量分析,将安全费用分为安全设备费用和安全预防费用两大类,构建坐标系,通过安全投入分布图及实际经济条件拟合边界曲线,构建安全投入可能性边界模型。最后根据企业的实际经济情况与运作模式,通过Matlab构建合适的隶属度函数,引入隶属度来验证安全投入决策的合理性,使得企业安全投入决策得到优化。     

浅议煤矿矿井通风安全管理措施

近年来,随着经济的快速发展,经济增长对于资源的渴求是愈发的强烈,煤矿企业的整体规模也在不断地扩大,煤矿的安全生产就成了一个亟待解决的问题。为了确保企业的安全生产,做好煤矿矿井的通风技术管理就是最基础的工作,本文就煤矿矿井通风技术管理中的一些问题作出简要的分析和概括。     

提高石油化工企业安全生产管理的措施探讨

安全生产是各行各业都无法回避的一个热点问题,特别是像石油化工这类企业,由于生产的特殊性和产品的危险性,使得安全生产在这类行业中的重要性更加明确和不容忽视。但是,由于我国工业发展非常迅速,石油化工企业中存在的有待完善和解决的管理问题日渐增多,侧重追求经济利益的发展模式致使这些企业中的生产实践环节存在大量隐患。本文将要探讨一下在当下的新时期可以通过哪些措施提高石油化工企业安全生产管理水平。     

电力工程施工安全的质量管控策略

现代化建设中,城市发展规模越来越大,推动城市经济快速增长,给我国综合国力提升提供了有利支持。随着经济全球化趋势不断加剧,我国电力施工工程项目越来越多,电力施工过程中的安全质量问题受到了国家的高度重视,以提高企业施工技术水平,促进企业经济效益不断增长。本文就电力工程施工安全的质量管控存在的问题进行分析,提出电力工程施工安全的质量管控的相关有效策略,以促进电力企业长远发展。     

完善企业安全文化，提高基层管理水平

本文阐述了企业安全文化的内涵,针对我国油田企业建设安全管理现状,提出了强化企业安全文化,准确把握油田企业安全生产标准化工作的重点,加强技术人员在安全生产管理中的作用等新的管理理念,提高了我国的生产安全管理水平。     

浅谈项目质量管理标准在电力施工安全管理中的应用

电力施工企业作为当今社会必不可少的需求行业,在当下的经济环境之中存在着激烈的竞争机制,尤其是电力的生产和施工中的安全问题得到了社会大众的重视,其中存在的问题也日益显现出来,由此本文对电力施工企业内的项目管理机制进行了探究和分析,从项目管理的计划以及质量控制基本方法出发,做好电力施工企业的安全管理计划以及安全管理控制,为电力企业的长远发展以及项目管理机制的优化作出一份贡献。     

浅谈项目经理对工程施工的安全管理

面对国家加大投资拉动经济的机会,建筑企业即将迎来新一轮的机遇,安全工作同时也迎来新的挑战。结合在施工项目安全管理中的经验,阐述项目经理拥有的权利、责任以及应该如何做好安全生产管理的工作,希望对建筑人士有所帮助。     

Economic worry and the presence of safety hazards on farms

In recent years the agricultural sector has experienced historical levels of economic challenges. Yet, the effects of these economic conditions on the physical safety of farm work environments remain poorly understood. We studied these possible etiological relationships in a cross-sectional analysis. A baseline survey of 2390 Saskatchewan farm operations was conducted in 2007. A single respondent from each farm provided information about the farm operation, its residents, perceptions of worry surrounding farm economic conditions, and the presence of six types of physical hazards. Binomial regression analyses were used to study the focal relationships between economics and safety while simultaneously adjusting for confounders at the farm level. Farms with high perceived levels of economic worry experienced elevations in risk for: the absence of well maintained buildings (RR 1.52; 95% CI: 1.27–1.87), the absence of safety shields on combines (RR 1.41; 95% CI: 1.05–1.89), and the absence of safety shields on augers (RR 1.15; 95% CI: 1.02–1.30). No apparent differences were observed by level of economic worry for the presence of ROPS on tractors, ladder safety cages on grain bins, and barriers around water hazards. We observed that financial conditions on farms appear to contribute to the decisions that farm operators make about safety. These are not innocuous choices as they in turn affect the health and safety of the entire population that works and lives in these occupational environments. Farm operators need to be supported in decisions to invest the physical safety of their farms. They also require evidence that investments in safety are indeed economically sensible and healthy management decisions.     

某办公大楼空调冷热源方案比较

根据该办公建筑实际状况，提出了土壤源热泵、空气源热泵及冰蓄冷空调加燃气锅炉共三种方案。采用BIN法计算三种方案全年能耗，并就全年能耗、经济性和环境效益进行分析比较，找出最佳的冷热源设计方案。     

Measuring giants and dwarfs: Assessing the quality of economists

The emergence of ideas in economic science is dominated by scientists situated in the US. The brain drain to the US after de Second World War gave economic scientists who stayed behind a chance to obtain a monopoly position in determining the development of economics in their home country. These facts are illustrated by a citations study of economic science in the Netherlands. Especially one man, the Nobel laureate Jan Tinbergen, has left an indelible mark on the way Dutch economic science has developed. The development of Dutch economics shows strong path-dependence.     

矿山安全减灾系统科学——矿山灾害学

矿山灾害学是一门综合性强并需不断扩充的矿山安全减灾科学。它与以往单一矿山灾害防治理论研究相比，具有综合性、预测性和经济性三大特征；它的安全减灾原理包含了安全哲学、安全经济学等八大原理；它的研究模型体现了宏观与微观相统一的原则。因此，矿山灾害学的研究，应以科学的系统论思想为指导，采用逻辑与历史相统一法，既要从微观上研究矿山灾害中单一灾种事故的防治技术和方法，又要在宏观上从不同学科、不同层次、不同的方位切入，对矿山灾害进行系统的研究；与此同时，还必须大力开展多层次、多领域、多方位的国际协作。     

Dual-effects of core enterprise management and media attention on occupational health and safety of small and medium suppliers in China

This study examines the construction of an occupational health and safety (OHS) governance model for small- and medium-sized suppliers (SMSs) impacted by the dual effects of core enterprises' management and media attention. The objective of this research is to improve the social governance effect of SMSs' OHS. Drawing on evolutionary economics, an evolutionary game model with three main players—core enterprises, SMSs, and media—is established, and the conditions of each entity's evolutionary stability strategy are analyzed. The results show that the evolution trend for any party is closely related to the strategic choices of the other two parties. Further, a model for SMSs' OHS governance with focus on core enterprise management and media attention can be effectively built by reducing the costs of core enterprise management, enhancing the probability of accurate media reporting, decreasing the OHS input cost of SMSs, increasing the expected exposure returns of the media, and reducing the media's investigation cost. This study is the first to consider the important influence of core enterprises and the media on SMSs' OHS behavior, which bridges the research gap not only from a theoretical perspective, but also a practical one.     

一种基于动态博弈的提高过程质量成效的新视角

人的因素是影响过程质量成效的重要因素。由于质量的事后验证性和过程的不易监控,企业所有者和生产性员工之间存在关于过程的信息不对称,导致生产性员工往往注重量,有选择性地忽视质。基于信息不对称理论,构建企业所有者和生产性员工之间质量“委托-代理”模型,从经济学视角讨论如何激励生产性员工增加质量投入,提高过程质量成效,对如何在实践中推广模型的应用给出若干建议。     

虚拟企业组织形式的制度分析

阐述了虚拟企业在组织形式上的创新意义 ,着重从制度安排角度分析虚拟企业的客观现实性、必然性以及选择网络化的原因     

Health safety nets can break cycles of poverty and disease: a stochastic ecological model

The persistence of extreme poverty is increasingly attributed to dynamic interactions between biophysical processes and economics, though there remains a dearth of integrated theoretical frameworks that can inform policy. Here, we present a stochastic model of disease-driven poverty traps. Whereas deterministic models can result in poverty traps that can only be broken by substantial external changes to the initial conditions, in the stochastic model there is always some probability that a population will leave or enter a poverty trap. We show that a ‘safety net’, defined as an externally enforced minimum level of health or economic conditions, can guarantee ultimate escape from a poverty trap, even if the safety net is set within the basin of attraction of the poverty trap, and even if the safety net is only in the form of a public health measure. Whereas the deterministic model implies that small improvements in initial conditions near the poverty-trap equilibrium are futile, the stochastic model suggests that the impact of changes in the location of the safety net on the rate of development may be strongest near the poverty-trap equilibrium.     

Prospective safety performance evaluation on construction sites

This paper presents a systematic Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based approach for Prospective Safety Performance Evaluation (PSPE) on construction sites, with causal relationships and interactions between enablers and the goals of PSPE taken into account. According to a sample of 450 valid questionnaire surveys from 30 Chinese construction enterprises, a SEM model with 26 items included for PSPE in the context of Chinese construction industry is established and then verified through the goodness-of-fit test. Three typical types of construction enterprises, namely the state-owned enterprise, private enterprise and Sino-foreign joint venture, are selected as samples to measure the level of safety performance given the enterprise scale, ownership and business strategy are different. Results provide a full understanding of safety performance practice in the construction industry, and indicate that the level of overall safety performance situation on working sites is rated at least a level of III (Fair) or above. This phenomenon can be explained that the construction industry has gradually matured with the norms, and construction enterprises should improve the level of safety performance as not to be eliminated from the government-led construction industry. The differences existing in the safety performance practice regarding different construction enterprise categories are compared and analyzed according to evaluation results. This research provides insights into cause–effect relationships among safety performance factors and goals, which, in turn, can facilitate the improvement of high safety performance in the construction industry.