发动机气缸腐蚀磨损及其交互作用研究

为了分析研究柴油机气缸套工作过程中的交互作用,选用灰铸铁材料在硫酸腐蚀介质中进行磨损试验、腐蚀试验及腐蚀磨损实验,分析了腐蚀磨损交互作用图。结果表明：腐蚀介质促进交互作用,磨损及其磨损增量是材料腐蚀磨损的主体。     

海洋环境下典型金属材料腐蚀与磨损研究进展

海洋环境下金属材料的腐蚀与磨损及其复杂的交互作用是影响海洋装备可靠性和工作效率的关键因素。在概述海洋环境下金属材料腐蚀和磨损的现象及问题的基础上,分析海洋环境下典型金属腐蚀与磨损的交互作用研究进展及发展趋势,并对不锈钢、钛合金与铝合金等主要海洋环境用金属材料在不同介质下的腐蚀与磨损问题进行探讨,重点阐述海洋环境下金属腐蚀与磨损中相互促进的正交互作用和相互抑制的负交互作用机制以及它们之间的相互影响、过渡和转换等方面的研究进展。在腐蚀与磨损正、负交互作用转变的过程中,从微观角度讲,奥氏体和马氏体相的多次转变是主要影响因素;而从宏观角度看,材料的摩擦因数、载荷、运动形式等动摩擦因素和Cl-浓度、pH值、频率及外加电位等电化学因素是两类主要影响因素。对比分析多种腐蚀与磨损交互作用的计算模型,阐述利用表面技术改善金属材料防腐耐磨性能的研究进展,提出金属材料腐蚀与磨损的负交互作用机制、微生物对腐蚀与磨损交互作用的影响机制、微动磨损与腐蚀的交互作用研究以及腐蚀与磨损交互作用量的准确量化是未来的研究重点。     

一种模拟舰船表面破坏的冲蚀、空蚀和腐蚀交互磨损试验研究

海洋装备表面材料破坏的主要原因是冲蚀、空蚀和腐蚀及其交互作用,而量化其表面磨损程度对海洋装备材料和结构的设计具有重要意义。冲蚀、空蚀和腐蚀交互磨损试验台是研究海洋装备表面材料破坏的有效工具。通过流场数值对比分析,在研究冲蚀和空蚀交互作用的基础上,优化设计了冲蚀、空蚀和电化学腐蚀交互磨损综合试验台,完成了人造海水中,不同材料的舰船工作表面受到高速流体冲击产生的冲蚀、空蚀和电化学腐蚀交互磨损试验。结果表明:同一种金属材料冲蚀、空蚀和电化学腐蚀交互作用的失重量大于冲蚀、空蚀和自然腐蚀交互作用的失重量,高强度塑性金属材料的腐蚀磨损较为严重,其三者交互作用的磨损程度大于低强度塑性金属材料。     

不同pH氯化钠溶液对P110S油套管钢腐蚀磨损交互作用的影响

采用失重法和电化学方法研究了P110S油套管钢在不同pH氯化钠溶液中的腐蚀磨损行为,分析了试样表面的磨损产物。结果表明:试验钢在pH为3的氯化钠溶液中的腐蚀磨损速率最大,而在pH为7氯化钠溶液中的最小,在不同pH氯化钠溶液中,试验钢的腐蚀与磨损呈正交互作用;腐蚀磨损后试样的自腐蚀电位在pH为11的氯化钠溶液中最低,在pH为3,7的氯化钠溶液中相差不大,溶液pH对腐蚀磨损前试样的自腐蚀电位影响不大;随着氯化钠溶液pH的增加,试样表面磨损变形程度增大,腐蚀产物中氧、铁原子比减小。     

马氏体球墨铸铁腐蚀磨损特性研究

对马氏体球墨铸铁在不同pH值石英砂浆中的静载三体腐蚀磨损特性进行了试验研究,并与铬白口铸铁进行了对比。结果表明：无论在静栽三体磨料磨损或静载三体腐蚀磨损中,马氏体球置铸铁均优于低铬白口铸铁。适当提高含硅量,有利于提高腐蚀耐磨损性,而且在酸性砂浆中效果较明显。     

模拟体液环境下TAMZ合金的微磨粒磨损行为研究

采用TE66试验机对新型TAMZ钛合金的微磨粒磨损行为进行了研究.系统地考察了载荷、料浆浓度等因素对磨损率和摩擦因数的影响,建立了磨损机制图,并分析了磨损与腐蚀的协同作用.研究表明:在不同滑移距离时,TAMZ钛合金的磨损率均随载荷增加先减小后增大,随着料浆浓度的增加而增大.摩擦因数随着载荷增加呈现增大趋势,且在蒸馏水中摩擦因数的变化比在Hank's模拟体液中平稳.当料浆浓度较低时,磨损机制为二体磨损机制;随着料浆浓度增加、载荷增大,磨损机制向混合磨损和三体磨损转变.随着载荷增加,腐蚀与磨损的交互作用增强,而在交互作用中,微磨损所起的作用比腐蚀所起的作用要大.     

混合流体介质腐蚀磨损规律研究

杂质泵是矿山、冶金、电力和煤炭等部门用于输送固液混合流体介质的重要设备，其过流部件在运转过程中要受到固体颗粒的冲蚀、液体的腐蚀，工作环境十分恶劣，严重影响了其使用效率和寿命。实践证明，同一型号、同一材质的杂质泵的工作环境也是有很大差别的。各种因素以不同的参数水平组成了极为复杂的冲蚀腐蚀磨损体系。单一因素的作用规律尚不足以从整体上把握环境因素对材料冲蚀腐蚀磨损的影响规律。本项成果通过在一定的参数作用水平范围内，同时改变两种类型影响因素的参数水平，L研究它们对材料冲蚀腐蚀磨损的综合影响规律一、冲蚀腐…     

高温磨损试验机的研制

本文介绍了一种高温磨料磨损试验机的研制,用以模拟和研究高温氧化腐蚀和磨料磨损交互作用.经试验调试,在700℃～900℃温度范围内显示出良好的数据重现性及鉴别率.     

高温磨损试验机的研制

本文介绍了一种高温磨料磨损试验机的研制，用以模拟和研究高温氧化腐蚀和磨料磨损交互作用。经经验调试，在700℃－900℃温度范围内显示出良好的数据重现性及鉴别率。     

机械密封电偶腐蚀影响磨损速率规律的研究

在机械密封试验台上进行模拟实际工况的腐蚀磨损实验,并以清水中的磨损作为比较标准,研究了电偶腐蚀对密封磨损速率的影响规律。对恒定温度下的给定摩擦副组对,本文提出了腐蚀磨损速率的数学表达式: 实验结果表明,对腐蚀磨损影响最大的是介质,转速次之,比压最小。     

On the synergistic effects of abrasion and corrosion during wear

The interactive effects of abrasion and corrosion were studied as a function of abrasive load, corrosion time and the frequency of abrasive and corrosive treatments. The initial rate of corrosion is independent of abrasive load but the percentage contribution to wear of corrosion decreases with increasing abrasive load. It has also been found that increasing the frequency of exposure to abrasion and corrosion increases the wear loss for a constant total amount of abrasion and corrosion. These effects are discussed in terms of the nature of the work-hardened surface layer and the chemical activity of this layer.     

铸铁球磁化处理后耐磨性能提高的机制探讨

对铸铁球磁化处理前后的组织、结构及电化学腐蚀等性能进行了观察与测试，并对其耐磨性提高的原因进行了研究。结果表明：磁化处理对铸铁球的显微组织和电化学腐蚀的电极电位Ec影响不大，但晶体的有序化程度有所提高；电化学腐蚀的电流密度明显下降。耐磨性的提高与晶体结构的改变以及电流密度的下降有关。     

Wear of low temperature nitrided steels under different wear processes

A programme of tests has been carried out to assess the wear resistance of three low temperature nitriding treatments when compared with the untreatedv steel and a standard cyanide case-hardening treatment, under conditions of scuffing, abrasion, fretting and corrosion. The main conclusion is that low temperature nitriding is most suited to applications where scuffing and corrosion are the main wear mechanisms and that the resistance to abrasion and fretting is poorer in general than that of traditional case-hardening. Therefore, care should be taken in assessing the wear process in any application in which these treatments are used. Reference is also made to the wear mechanisms in the different tests.     

A review of the performance of engineering materials under prevalent tribological and wear situations in South African industries

The wear of materials used on machinery operating in a wide range of industrial situations such as mining, energy production and agriculture can cause serious inefficiencies, sudden breakdowns and consequential financial losses. Our work over two decades has concerned industrial problems encountered in South African industry, and laboratory simulations of abrasion, abrasion plus corrosion, adhesive wear, impact wear, cavitation, solid particle erosion and erosion plus corrosion situations have been successfully undertaken. Materials investigated include plain carbon and alloy steel, stainless steels, aluminium alloys, cast irons, tungsten carbide cermets, ceramics, polymers, composites and various surface treated and coated materials. The paper reviews the investigations carried out in our laboratories and conclusions we have made.     

Exposure effects of strong alkaline conditions on the microscale abrasion–corrosion of D-gun sprayed WC–10Co–4Cr coating

The synergistic effects between abrasion and corrosion for detonation gun (D-gun) sprayed WC–10Co–4Cr coatings have been studied for alkaline conditions. Comparisons between exposed and freshly polished coating surfaces in strong NaOH solutions (pH 11) show that significantly lower wear rates were seen for the exposed surface due to a negative wear–corrosion synergy. The negative synergy was seen to increase with increasing sliding distances for both fresh and exposed surfaces. The physical mechanisms of this negative synergy are discussed. The effect of anodic surface treatments on wear–corrosion to elucidate the influence of corrosion on the negative synergy is also reported.     

Experimental setup for testing and mapping of high temperature abrasion and oxidation synergy

Performance and lifetime of engineering materials at high temperature are affected by degradation of a material under wear and corrosion to a great extent. To assess the material performance at high temperature, the most detrimental processes and their interactions should be known and understood for materials selection and design of new advanced materials. The present study introduces an experimental setup for testing and mapping of high temperature abrasion taking into consideration the process of oxidation. A new design of a test rig has been developed at Tallinn University of Technology to provide synergy study of wear and oxidation and to improve the effectiveness of control and monitoring the mechanisms of materials failure at room and high temperatures (up to 1000 °C). Methodology for assessment and mapping of the effects of abrasion and corrosion on materials performance are presented along with some results obtained for high temperature abrasion of titanium carbide- and chromium carbide-based cermets as well as for steel.     

The role of lubrication and corrosion in abrasion of materials in aqueous environments

A rubber wheel type test apparatus has been constructed which allows abrasion testing to be conducted in slurry or dry environments in otherwise identical conditions. Abrasion tests of a steel, a sintered tungsten carbide–cobalt hardmetal and an HVOF sprayed nickel chrome–chromium carbide cermet coating have been performed in dry and aqueous slurry conditions, the latter with both neutral and acidic carriers. It has been shown that the aqueous carrier acts as an effective lubricant and thus significantly reduces the abrasion rate over that observed in dry conditions. However, enhancement of corrosion by use of an acid slurry lead to an increase in the rate of material removal over that of the neutral aqueous conditions in all cases. Increases were small for the corrosion resistant cermet coating and moderate for the steel. Significant enhancement of wear was observed for the sintered WC–Co hardmetal where rapid removal of the cobalt binder by the acid resulted in a change in dominant mechanism of carbide removal from attritive wear to pullout.     

一种新型船用柴油机油的研制

根据船用柴油机油的性能要求,通过开展基础油及各功能添加剂等对油品抗水、分水性能的影响研究,以及清净分散剂、抗氧抗磨剂等添加剂对油品高温清净性、烟炱分散性、抗磨损性及抗氧抗腐蚀性的影响研究,提出一种新型船用柴油机油配方方案。综合评定试验结果表明,研制的船用柴油机油具有优异的理化性能和良好的分散性、抗氧抗腐蚀性、抗磨性能和清净性能,并通过了FZG齿轮试验机试验和发动机台架试验。     

An investigation of the corrosive wear of stainless steels in aqueous slurries

Pumping installations made of stainless steels have been widely used for transporting slurries in chemical process industry. However, knowledge of the attack of stainless steels due to corrosive wear in two-phase liquid-particle flow is still incomplete. This paper studies the behaviors and mechanisms of corrosive wear for two austenitic stainless steels, 24Cr-25Ni-4Mo and 18Cr-12Ni-2Mo, using a rotating disc apparatus made by the authors. The two components, wear by slurry abrasion and corrosion, within the corrosive wear process, are first examined individually. Then the synergistic effect between wear and corrosion is investigated. The research we have done shows that corrosive wear rate of samples is closely related to such factors as the solution, type of abrasive, flow velocity, impingement angle and temperature. In addition, a threshold of flow velocity exists which is called the breakaway velocity V_k, above which the corrosive wear rate increases rapidly. The combined effects of abrasion and corrosion result in a total wear loss larger than the added effects of each process alone. An analytical model is developed which would help to reveal the mechanisms of the corrosive wear processes.     

Abrasion–Corrosion Behaviors of Steel–Steel Contact in Seawater Containing Abrasive Particles

Materials working in slurries containing seawater and abrasive particles degrade gradually because of the synergic effects of mechanical wear and electrochemical corrosion. In this study, the abrasion–corrosion behaviors of a steel–steel tribopair in an environment with artificial seawater and SiO₂/Al₂O₃ particles were investigated. Corrosion is responsible for surface degradation at low concentrations of SiO₂ particles, whereas abrasion is the primary cause for steel damage at high SiO₂ concentrations. When Al₂O₃ particles were used, abrasion was found to be the dominant factor for material loss at all concentrations. Results from this study indicate that at low concentrations of hard particles, abrasion–corrosion behavior is determined by the properties of particles.