周向非均匀热流下太阳能吸热管局部传热特性

利用数值模拟方法研究周向非均匀热流下太阳能吸热管局部传热特性,分析吸热管壁厚、熔盐入口温度、熔盐流速对局部传热性能的影响规律,结果表明:吸热管周向加热量相同,管壁越厚其外壁温度越高,管内壁热流分布越均匀。壁厚对低热流侧周向及轴向局部Nu影响较大,且低热流侧局部Nu均随壁厚的减小而增大。同一流速,熔盐入口温度越高,周向局部Nu越大。不同流速吸热管周向局部Nu均随周向热流的减小而增大,流速越大,周向局部Nu越大。不同壁厚吸热管内低热流侧Nu明显大于高热流侧Nu,平均Nu略大于高热流侧Nu,且平均Nu基本相等。     

结构参数及操作参数对回转窑内传热的影响

建立了链篦机-回转窑系统中回转窑一维、稳态传热数学模型,求得了窑内温度场;在此基础上,探讨了结构参数中窑体长度和窑体直径,以及操作参数中入窑燃煤量和回转窑转速对窑内传热的影响.研究结果表明:通过增加回转窑长度,减小回转窑直径,提高回转窑转速等措施都可以强化球团的焙烧,但都受一定条件限制,而调节人窑燃煤量是调整球团焙烧效果的有效措施.     

槽式太阳能聚光集热器传热性能研究

建立了槽式太阳能聚光集热器单侧吸收高热流密度的传热数学模型.该传热数学模型将金属吸热管壁面所能接受到的非均匀热流简化为矩形分布,考虑了金属吸热管管壁的周向导热,选取Dudley的试验数据验证了传热数学模型的可靠性并分析了影响集热器传热特性的主要因素.通过Fluent软件研究了槽式太阳能聚光集热器金属吸热管的周向温度分布规律.结果表明:该传热数学模型具有一定可靠性;流体温度、太阳辐射强度和流体体积流量是影响集热器管内换热特性和管壁周向温度分布的主要因素.     

太阳能集热管内熔盐流动传热特性数值模拟

建立太阳能集热管物理模型,采用RNG κ-ε模型,基于CFD方法在不同热流边界条件下熔盐入口温度300℃,速度0.6~3.6 m/s,平均热流密度180 k W/m2参数范围内,对外径20 mm,壁厚2 mm的集热管内熔盐传热特性进行数值模拟研究。分析了集热管管壁温度分布规律和熔盐传热性能,对比了不同热流边界下管壁周向温度不均匀分布特性。研究结果表明:不同热流条件下集热管管壁温度分布规律差异较大,管内熔盐温度也存在较大差异;集热管内Nu随Re增大而升高,周向热流分布对Nu影响较大;非均匀热流边界下集热管壁温周向分布不均匀,周向热流越不均匀,壁面温差越大。     

偏心方形管内超临界水传热特性数值研究

采用SSG湍流模型,对偏心方管内超临界水传热特性进行三维数值研究。研究了不同偏心距对通道内传热特性的影响及通道内的周向传热不均匀特性。研究结果表明:偏心方形管内存在着强烈的传热不均匀现象,在远离大比热区的低焓值区和高焓值区,偏心距离的增加对内壁温度和换热系数的影响不大。随着偏心距的增加,方形管壁面最高温度逐渐升高,边通道传热系数要强于角通道;超临界水的物性变化也会影响偏心方形管内周向不均匀性,从而影响传热特性。     

炭素回转窑模型的热态实验测试

建立炭素煅烧回转窑物理模型,对其煅烧过程进行了热态实验.实验结果表明:随着转速的增加,物料在窑内的轴向运动速度增加,窑产量增加;随着煅烧时间的推移,窑内温度逐渐升高,窑头、窑尾温度变化剧烈,窑体中部温度变化平缓;回转窑模型的窑内温度分布与回转窑实际生产时的温度分布大致相同.同时针对实验时发生的一些现象提出了合理建议.     

标准型定位格架对超临界水在堆芯传热和流动影响的数值研究

采用非结构化多面体网格,利用商业软件STARCCM+6.04对标准型定位格架对超临界水在反应堆堆芯子通道内流动及传热特性的影响进行了数值研究。研究结果表明,由于流动阻塞效应的影响,燃料棒覆层表面温度周向分布不均,窄缝区最高、中心区最低。标准定位格架能够强化定位格架内部传热,但会造成其下游局部传热弱化,周向温度分布差异增大,不利于降低覆层温度。标准型定位格架下游的传热弱化现象或许是超临界反应堆紧凑型堆芯的特有现象,须在堆芯设计中加以重视。     

车用PEMFC直流道散热特性研究

本文利用Gambit软件建立了带冷却通道的质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）模型,使用计算流体力学软件Fluent中的PEM模块进行数值模拟计算。改变冷却通道进口处冷却水的流速和温度,对质子交换膜内温度和冷却水出口处温度进行了分析,其结果为PEMFC优化提供依据。     

槽式太阳能直接产生蒸汽系统（DSG）集热管传热特性研究

以DSG(direct steam generation)集热器的集热管为研究对象,利用数值模拟研究集热管内工质3种流态下周向温度分布及太阳辐射强度、工质流速、环境风速、环境温度、金属管材质等对金属管周向温度的影响。研究表明:集热金属管材质对周向温度分布影响较大,将铁材改为铜材时,过热蒸汽段最高温度从346.0℃降为338.0℃,最大温差从26℃降至约10℃;太阳辐射强度对壁面温度的影响较大,随着辐射强度的提高,壁温升高;工质流速对金属集热管壁面温度有一定的影响,当流速由0.8 kg/s提高至1.2 kg/s时,金属管周向最大温差由11℃下降至8℃,光斑处的最高壁温由321.5℃下降至318.7℃;环境风速和温度对周向温度分布的影响不大。     

水平螺旋槽管降膜流动和传热特性研究

对水平螺旋槽管壁面降膜形成及传热特性进行了理论和实验研究,得到了液膜厚度及速度的解析及数值解.结果表明,降膜液膜特性主要受槽道结构和液膜表面张力控制.管壁温度沿周向向下逐渐升高,而且在定热流密度下保持不变,而液膜温度则沿周向逐渐上升.相比光管,螺旋槽管降膜具有更高的传热系数.     

Modeling of the Regenerative Heat Flow of the Wall in Direct Fired Rotary Kilns

An analytical one-dimensional model was developed to predict the effect of the different kiln variables on the regenerative heat transfer by the wall in a rotary kiln. The basis of this model is introducing a lumped capacity layer with infinite conductivity in radial direction. The thickness of this layer is determined from the heat penetration in a semi-infinite body. The parameters considered are kiln diameter, rotational speed, filling degree, material properties of the wall, and gas-to-wall and wall-to-solid heat transfer. From the model, it can be concluded that in technical rotary kilns, the regenerative heat transfer by the wall is much smaller than the direct heat flow from the gas. Nevertheless, under the slumping condition and in laboratory kilns, the effect of the wall can be up to 40%.     

A Semi-Exact Solution for Solidification of a Binary Solution on a Cold Isothermal Surface below Eutectic Temperature

The solidification of a binary solution on a cold horizontal surface below eutectic temperature is solved using a semi-exact method. The temperature distributions in the solid and liquid zones are obtained by exact solutions, while heat transfer in the mushy zone is obtained by an integral approximate method. The locations of the interface between solid and mushy zones and interface between mushy and liquid zones are obtained by coupling the temperature distributions in the three regions. The effects of initial temperatures, wall temperatures, and initial concentrations on the solidification of the binary solution are investigated.     

Heat transfer in HCCI multi-zone modeling: Validation of a new wall heat flux correlation under motoring conditions

The present study focuses on the development and a preliminary validation of a heat transfer model for the estimation of wall heat flux in HCCI engines via multi-zone modeling. The multi-zone model describes heat flow between zones and to the combustion chamber wall. Mass, species and enthalpy transfer, which affect the temperature field within the combustion chamber, are also considered between zones, accounting for the convective heat transfer terms. The multi-zone heat transfer model presented herein has been developed for HCCI combustion simulation and although it has been used in the past, its validation was based on cylinder pressure data under firing conditions. In the present study a more accurate validation of the model is conducted. This is achieved by comparing the multi-zone model heat loss rate predictions to the corresponding predictions of a validated CFD code. The cases examined correspond to actual motoring cases, against which the CFD code has been validated in a previous work. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis is presented, to assess the effect of the zone configuration, i.e. zone thickness and number, on the predicted heat loss rate and temperature profiles. In addition, a comparison is made between the results obtained from the proposed heat flux correlation and one in which the temperature gradient at the wall is approximated via finite differences.     

附加阳光间型被动式太阳房传热量简化计算方法研究

附加阳光间型被动房传热量受室外空气温度和太阳辐射双波动扰动影响,导致其热负荷具有显著波动特征,传统稳态计算方法难以适用,而动态方法过于复杂,不适用于工程设计使用。基于此,该文采用周期反应系数法研究结构参数和被动房传热量之间的定量关系,并结合结构参数,提出附加阳光间型被动房热负荷简化计算新方法。结果表明阳光间总传热量受公用墙体构造变化影响较大,内门传热量与公用墙体热阻呈正相关,墙体传热量与墙体热阻呈负相关;同类围护结构下,不同参数组合下公用墙导热量与阳光间空气温度变化规律趋势一致,进而提出附加阳光间导热变化系数和温度变化系数,以该参数为基础建立了关键结构参数与传热量之间的多元回归模型,该简化计算方法与实测值对比结果表明吻合度较大,简化计算方法精度较高,可供实际工程设计使用。     

燃煤锅炉三维CFD数值模型水冷壁热边界条件设定方法

目前,燃煤锅炉三维CFD数值模拟中对炉膛水冷壁传热分布的预测大都基于给定的壁面温度边界条件。然而,此方法无法体现锅炉运行状态对壁面传热与壁温分布的影响。提出了一种基于锅炉烟气侧放热与汽水侧吸热间热平衡关系的壁面传热计算方法,并重点讨论了壁面传热系数的物理意义及取值方法。研究发现,壁面传热系数基本由壁面结渣状态决定,因此可根据壁面渣层的传热系数确定。本文方法将影响壁面传热的关键因素合理地体现在计算过程中,同时在模型复杂性与工程适用性之间保持了合理的平衡。采用此方法对一台320 MW锅炉的燃烧与传热分布进行了数值模拟,水冷壁吸热量的预测结果与锅炉运行数据吻合良好。     

1000MW超超临界锅炉水冷壁壁温计算

采用分区计算简化大容量高参数超超临界锅炉炉内辐射、对流传热模型,研究炉膛水冷壁热负荷及壁温的空间分布情况,并与试验数据进行了对比,计算结果与试验值之间的偏差较小,最大为5.72%.该模型与算法可给出不同锅炉负荷条件下,水冷壁壁面热负荷与壁温沿炉膛宽度方向的分布规律.结果表明,水冷壁热负荷与壁温均呈现出中间高两端低的弧形分布.四角切圆燃烧锅炉火焰位置对炉内传热有很大影响.模拟计算可为超超临界锅炉的运行提供参考,预测了在材料允许温度范围内,火焰中心偏斜最大不超过2 m.     

Analysis of calcination parameters and the temperature profile in an annular shaft kiln. Part 1: Theoretical survey

In article certain specific problems associated with heat transfer, which occurs during the process of lime burning are discussed. An increase in the thickness of the calcinated layer affect the conditions of heat inflow into the sphere. The equilibrium calcination radius is defined, which delimits the calcination process into two zones: one in which the supply of heat to the reaction front limits the heat transfer from kiln gases to the stones, and another, which is limited by heat conduction through the already calcinated layer. The phenomenon of the critical sphere radius is also discussed. From the viewpoint of increasing the capacity of existing annular shaft kilns, it turns out that it is a advantageous to increase the heat transfer coefficient from kiln gases to the stones up to the value of 60 W/(m² K) in the incipient part of the calcination.     

Natural convection in a rectangular cavity with partially active side walls

A numerical study is performed to investigate the effect of aspect ratio on the natural convection of a fluid contained in a rectangular cavity with partially thermally active side walls. The active part of the left side wall is at a higher temperature than that of the right side wall. The top and bottom of the cavity and inactive part of the side walls are thermally insulated. Nine different relative positions of the active zones are considered. The equations are discretized by the control volume method with power law scheme and are solved numerically by iterative method together with a successive over relaxation (SOR) technique. The results are obtained for Grashof numbers between 10³ and 10⁵ and the effects of the aspect ratio on the flow and temperature fields and the rate of heat transfer from the walls of the enclosure are presented. The heat transfer rate is high for the bottom–top thermally active location while the heat transfer rate is poor in the top–bottom thermally active location. The heat transfer rate is found to increase with an increase in the aspect ratio.     

HCCI发动机多区燃烧模型的比较研究

多区模型作为现阶段均质压燃（HCCI）发动机高效准确的数值模型得到了世界范围的广泛关注。讨论了不同子模型对多区模型预测性能的影响。以实验为基准，比较了多区模型中区间划分、缸壁传热模型、区间热量交换模型、区间质量交换模型和边界层模型对HCCI发动机燃烧和排放模拟结果的影响，全部计算均基于异辛烷的详细化学动力学机理。结果表明：在区间划分时对温度较低的区域细化可以提高排放的计算效果，而对高温区域的细化对计算结果影响不大；改进的Woschni传热模型更准确地模拟了缸壁的传热过程；区间的质量和热量交换对计算结果影响显著，特别是质量交换模型的加入使CO排放的预测与实验值更为接近；而边界层厚度模型对整个结果影响不大。     

Effect of heat transfer space non-uniformity of combustion chamber components on in-cylinder heat transfer in diesel engine

Combustion chamber components (cylinder head-cylinder liner-piston assembly-oil film) were treated as a coupled body. Based on the three-dimensional numerical simulation of the heat transfer of the coupled body, a coupled three-dimensional calculation model for the in-cylinder working process and the combustion chamber components was built with domain decomposition and boundary coupling method, which adopts the coupled three-dimensional simulation of in-cylinder working process and the combustion chamber components. The model was applied in the investigation of the influence of space non-uniformity in heat transfer among combustion chamber components on in-cylinder heat transfer. The results show that the effect of wall temperature space non-uniform distribution of combustion chamber components on heat transfer happens mainly at the end of the compression stroke and expansion stroke. Therefore, it can be concluded that wall temperature space non-uniform distribution of combustion chamber components would influence heat transfer during the intake and exhaust stroke obviously.