两级差分进化算法求解多资源作业车间批量调度问题

以优化生产周期为目标,研究并建立了多资源作业车间批量调度问题模型.提出一种新的两级差分进化算法,采用两级染色体编码来解决批量划分和排序优化问题;设计了基于自适应差分进化算法(DE)的全局搜索操作,并在算法框架中嵌入了基于Interchange邻域结构的局部搜索;基于等量划分原则,为每个工件确定最优批次数及子批次的批量大小,并为各子批次确定最优排序.通过单资源算例和多资源实例仿真表明了模型和算法的可行性和有效性.     

A simulated annealing algorithm approach to hybrid flow shop scheduling with sequence-dependent setup times

One of the scheduling problems with various applications in industries is hybrid flow shop. In hybrid flow shop, a series of n jobs are processed at a series of g workshops with several parallel machines in each workshop. To simplify the model construction in most research on hybrid flow shop scheduling problems, the setup times of operations have been ignored, combined with their corresponding processing times, or considered non sequence-dependent. However, in most real industries such as chemical, textile, metallurgical, printed circuit board, and automobile manufacturing, hybrid flow shop problems have sequence-dependent setup times (SDST). In this research, the problem of SDST hybrid flow shop scheduling with parallel identical machines to minimize the makespan is studied. A novel simulated annealing (NSA) algorithm is developed to produce a reasonable manufacturing schedule within an acceptable computational time. In this study, the proposed NSA uses a well combination of two moving operators for generating new solutions. The obtained results are compared with those computed by Random Key Genetic Algorithm (RKGA) and Immune Algorithm (IA) which are proposed previously. The results show that NSA outperforms both RKGA and IA.     

运输能力有限的分段两阶段多车间调度问题

为有效解决船舶分段生产过程中存在的返工、运输能力限制以及堆场面积约束等问题,分析两阶段多车间调度的特点,构建了运输能力有限的分段两阶段多车间调度模型。模型综合考虑了分段批次内重调度、批次间的分割合并、分段返工以及缓冲面积和运输能力约束,目标是最小化分段的最大完工时间,建立分段在加工车间、装配车间以及堆场中的调度数学模型。利用基于路径选择的分段两阶段多车间调度启发式算法进行求解,并通过数值实验以及对比分析验证了模型的合理性和算法的有效性。     

Mathematical model and discrete artificial Bee Colony algorithm for distributed integrated process planning and scheduling

With the development of the globalization of economy and manufacturing industry, distributed manufacturing mode has become a hot topic in current production research. In the context of distributed manufacturing, one job has different process routes in different workshops because of heterogeneous manufacturing resources and manufacturing environments in each factory. Considering the heterogeneous process planning problems and shop scheduling problems simultaneously can take advantage of the characteristics of distributed factories to finish the processing task well. Thus, a novel network-based mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model is established for distributed integrated process planning and scheduling problem (DIPPS). The paper designs a new encoding method based on the process network and its OR-nodes, and then proposes a discrete artificial bee colony algorithm (DABC) to solve the DIPPS problem. The proposed DABC can guarantee the feasibility of individuals via specially-designed mapping and switching operations, so that the process precedence constraints contained by the network graph can be satisfied in the entire procedure of the DABC algorithm. Finally, the proposed MILP model is verified and the proposed DABC is tested through some open benchmarks. By comparing with other powerful reported algorithms and obtaining new better solutions, the experiment results prove the effectiveness of the proposed model and DABC algorithm successfully.     

A methodology for joint optimization for maintenance planning, process quality and production scheduling

Performance of a manufacturing system depends significantly on the shop floor performance. Traditionally, shop floor operational policies concerning maintenance scheduling, quality control and production scheduling have been considered and optimized independently. However, these three aspects of operations planning do have an interaction effect on each other and hence need to be considered jointly for improving the system performance. In this paper, a model is developed for joint optimization of these three aspects in a manufacturing system. First, a model has been developed for integrating maintenance scheduling and process quality control policy decisions. It provided an optimal preventive maintenance interval and control chart parameters that minimize expected cost per unit time. Subsequently, the optimal preventive maintenance interval is integrated with the production schedule in order to determine the optimal batch sequence that will minimize penalty-cost incurred due to schedule delay. An example is presented to illustrate the proposed model. It also compares the system performance employing the proposed integrated approach with that obtained by considering maintenance, quality and production scheduling independently. Substantial economic benefits are seen in the joint optimization.     

基于柔性job shop的集成化工艺规划与生产调度

为有效利用车间资源管理系统,在研究基于柔性jobshop的工艺规划与生产调度集成问题的基础上,提出基于工艺规划的多agent生产调度系统（Flexible process planning based Multi-Agent production Scheduling System,FMASS）．该系统综合考虑零件的工艺规划柔性和车间生产柔性,采用混合建模的方法建立4类agent及其行动规则,通过各类agent相互之间的协商与竞争得到零件的工艺规划和工序,从而实现工艺规划与车间调度系统的集成．对工艺规划与车间调度的集成算法进行性能测试,结果表明该系统具有一定的预见性和全局优化能力,且柔性和对动态变化的适应性较好．     

考虑多目标的柔性工艺与调度集成优化算法

针对工艺规划与车间调度集成优化问题,在考虑零件的加工工序柔性、工序次序柔性及加工机器柔性的基础上,以最大完工时间、总加工成本和总拖期时间为优化目标,对多目标柔性工艺与车间调度集成问题建模,提出一种基于改进人工蜂群算法的多目标柔性工艺与车间调度集成优化策略,并提出邻域变异操作以及全局交叉操作,对种群进行更新。引入Pareto方法,通过对适应度评价、贪婪准则、Pareto最优解集构造和保存以及解得多样性维护等方面进行改进,设计了一种基于Pareto方法的多目标人工蜂群算法。最后,通过采用基本人工蜂群算法及改进人工蜂群算法对六个工件、五台机床的柔性工艺与车间调度集成问题进行优化,验证了改进算法的有效性。     

两车间可调度工序均衡处理的综合调度算法

在两车间具备相同设备资源的生产条件时,需要考虑产品完成时间和车间之间工序移动次数尽可能少的问题。为此,提出两车间可调度工序均衡处理的综合调度算法。为减少单件复杂产品的完成时间,针对可调度工序的灵活性、并行性和两车间设备相同的条件,采用可调度工序车间均衡策略进行分组。为减少工序移动次数,按分组工序车间确定策略分配工序所在车间,并进行调度。实例结果表明,该算法可实现两车间综合调度,且产品完成时间和车间之间的工序移动次数较少。     

基于灾变机制的预防性维护和生产调度集成优化方法

为了解决生产车间中多品种任务的生产调度与预防性维护集成优化问题,综合考虑其加工顺序、生产批量及预防性维护策略等要素,在订单充足的前提下,以总制造成本和加工时间最小化为联合优化目标,建立了生产调度与预防性维护集成优化模型。针对模型特点,在非支配排序遗传算法框架的基础上,基于灾变机制和荣誉空间,引入截断和拼接操作算子,提出一种变长度染色体单亲遗传算法对模型进行求解,并在不同参数条件和问题规模下,通过仿真实验验证了该算法解决复杂生产任务调度和预防性维护集成优化问题的有效性。     

大数据环境下MES作业计划与调度能力云服务化研究

云制造技术给制造企业带来机遇的同时,也为其制造执行系统MES的设计与实现带来了新的挑战。为了解决单件小批MES中作业计划与调度优化问题,首先设计了一个从作业计划静态制定,到作业执行情况实时监控与主动感知,再到异常事件智能响应,最后到作业调度动态调节的闭环体系结构。接着针对异常信息实时获取与异常事件发现、异常事件智能化处理以及作业计划与调度优化算法计算能力服务化三个子问题,依次进行了问题分析并给出了技术解决方案。最后,以哈尔滨电机厂为案例对象,综合利用IEC/ISO 62264标准、大数据分析与挖掘方法以及由虚拟化、服务化和SOA等组成的云计算技术实现了单件小批MES作业计划与调度综合优化系统,验证了上述理论与方法的有效性。     

基于人工蜂群算法的柔性工艺与车间调度集成优化

为实现柔性工艺与车间调度集成优化,在考虑工件特征的加工工艺、次序及加工机器的柔性基础上,以最小化最大完工时间为优化目标,提出一种基于交叉变异的人工蜂群算法。该算法针对柔性工艺与车间调度集成问题的离散性特征,对工艺路线进行序列编码,工件调度采用基于工序的编码方式。通过工艺种群与调度种群的交叉变异操作,分别使采蜜蜂及观察蜂进行局部寻优,侦查蜂进行全局寻优,以此提高算法性能。在此基础上用两部分测试实例分别验证了集成研究的必要性及改进算法的有效性。     

A genetic algorithm for permutation flow shop scheduling under make to stock production system

The permutation flow shop scheduling is a well-known combinatorial optimization problem that arises in many manufacturing systems. Over the last few decades, permutation flow shop problems have widely been studied and solved as a static problem. However, in many practical systems, permutation flow shop problems are not really static, but rather dynamic, where the challenge is to schedule n different products that must be produced on a permutation shop floor in a cyclical pattern. In this paper, we have considered a make-to-stock production system, where three related issues must be considered: the length of a production cycle, the batch size of each product, and the order of the products in each cycle. To deal with these tasks, we have proposed a genetic algorithm based lot scheduling approach with an objective of minimizing the sum of the setup and holding costs. The proposed algorithm has been tested using scenarios from a real-world sanitaryware production system, and the experimental results illustrates that the proposed algorithm can obtain better results in comparison to traditional reactive approaches.     

柔性作业车间生产计划与调度集成优化求解策略

针对柔性作业车间(Flexible job-shop, FJS)生产计划(Production planning, PP)与调度紧密衔接的特点, 建立了生产计划与调度集成优化模型. 模型综合考虑了安全库存、需求损失及工件加工路线柔性等方面因素. 提出了一种基于拉格朗日松弛(Lagrangian relaxation, LR)的分解算法, 将原问题分解为计划子问题与调度子问题. 针对松弛的生产计划子问题, 提出一种新的费用结构, 以保证生产计划决策与实际情况相符, 并设计了一种变量固定—松弛策略与滚动时域组合算法进行求解. 对于调度子问题中的加工路线柔性问题, 提出了一种新的机器选择策略. 通过数值实验验证了模型与算法的有效性.     

批量生产柔性作业车间多目标精细化调度方法

提出了一种批量生产柔性作业车间多目标精细化调度方法。针对批量生产柔性作业车间多目标调度问题特点,建立了一类以完工时间最短和制造成本最低为优化目标的等量分批柔性作业车间调度多目标优化模型。提出了5种批量生产柔性作业车间精细化调度技术;设计了一种改进的NSGA II算法对模型进行求解。算法中引入面向对象技术处理复杂的实体逻辑关系,使用矩阵编码技术进行编码,采用分段交叉和分段变异的遗传算子实现遗传进化,应用上述5种精细化调度技术于解码过程以提高设备利用率。通过案例分析验证了该方法的有效性。     

A batch splitting heuristic for dynamic job shop scheduling problem

The job shop scheduling problem has been a major target for many researchers. Unfortunately, though, most of the past studies assumed that a job consists of only a single part. If we assume that a job consists of a batch as in many real manufacturing environment, then we can obtain an improved schedule. However, then, the size of the scheduling problem would become too large to be solved in practical time limit. So, we proposed an algorithm to get an improved schedule by splitting the original batch into smaller batches, and thereby can meet the due date requirement, and adapt to unexpected dynamic events such as machine failure, rush order and expediting.     

中药制造企业生产计划管理研究

中药生产属于流程行业是一种典型的批流程生产形式,它对批次的跟踪有着特别的要求。整合整个中药生产企业的制造资源对于实现中药生产企业的现代化管理是必不可少的。本文旨在通过对中药制造企业的生产过程分析,结合制造资源计划（Manufacturing Resource Planning,MRPII）原理与方法,对中药制药业的生产计划如何分解,以及如何形成作业计划进行分析和研究,提出符合其行业特点的计算模型和方法,为中药制造企业自动生成生产作业计划提供依据。     

A heuristic algorithm for group scheduling

Group technology is a rapidly developing productivity improvement tool that can have a significant impact on the development of totally integrated manufacturing facilities and flexible manufacturing systems. Production scheduling associated with group technology is called “Group Scheduling”. There are many heuristic algorithms developed for general job shop applications based on unrealistic hypothesis, complicated computations etc., which are not addressed to group scheduling. In this paper, from the existing algorithms for group scheduling, a heuristic algorithm has been developed and programmed for computer/microcomputer applications. The developed algorithm has been used to determine the optimal group and the optimal job sequence for a batch type production process with functional layout. The developed algorithm is far simpler and easier to compute, compared to the other similar heuristic algorithms and certainly in comparison to other optimization methods such as branch and bound method.     

Research on flexible job shop scheduling under finite transportation conditions for digital twin workshop

Flexible job shop scheduling is one of the most effective methods for solving multiple varieties and small batch production problems in discrete manufacturing enterprises. However, limitations of actual transportation conditions in the flexible job shop scheduling problem (FJSP) are neglected, which limits its application in actual production. In this paper, the constraint influence imposed by finite transportation conditions in the FJSP is addressed. The coupling relationship between transportation and processing stages is analyzed, and a finite transportation conditions model is established. Then, a three-layer encoding with redundancy and decoding with correction is designed to improve the genetic algorithm and solve the FJSP model. Furthermore, an entity-JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) method is proposed for transmission between scheduling services and Digital Twin (DT) virtual equipment to apply the scheduling results to the DT system. The results confirm that the proposed finite transportation conditions have a significant impact on scheduling under different scales of scheduling problems and transportation times.     

基于Agent的混合流水车间动态调度系统

针对敏捷制造调度环境的不确定性、动态性以及混合流水车间（HFS）调度问题的特点,设计了一种基于多Agent的混合流水车间动态调度系统,系统由管理Agent、策略Agent、工件Agent和机器Agent构成。首先提出一种针对混合流水车间环境的插值排序（HIS）算法并集成于策略Agent中,该算法适用于静态调度和多种动态事件下的动态调度。然后,设计了各类Agent间的协调机制,在生产过程中所有Agent根据各自的行为逻辑独立工作并互相协调。在发生动态事件时,策略Agent调用HIS算法根据当前车间状态产生工件序列,随后各Agent根据生成的序列继续进行协调直到完成生产。最后进行了发生机器故障、订单插入情况下的重调度以及在线调度等动态调度的实例仿真,结果表明对于这些问题,HIS算法的求解效果均优于调度规则,特别是在故障重调度中,HIS算法重调度前后的Makespan一致度达97.6%,说明系统能够灵活和有效地处理混合流水车间动态调度问题。     

Parallel machine scheduling with splitting jobs by a hybrid differential evolution algorithm

The problem of parallel machine scheduling for minimizing the makespan is an open scheduling problem with extensive practical relevance. It has been proved to be non-deterministic polynomial hard. Considering a job’s batch size greater than one in the real manufacturing environment, this paper investigates into the parallel machine scheduling with splitting jobs. Differential evolution is employed as a solution approach due to its distinctive feature, and a new crossover method and a new mutation method are brought forward in the global search procedure, according to the job splitting constraint. A specific local search method is further designed to gain a better performance, based on the analytical result from the single product problem. Numerical experiments on the performance of the proposed hybrid DE on parallel machine scheduling problems with splitting jobs covering identical and unrelated machine kinds and a realistic problem are performed, and the results indicate that the algorithm is feasible and efficient.