稀土元素Y和Nd对ZK60合金组织与性能的影响

以ZK60变形镁合金为基础添加稀土元素Y和Nd,获得了化学成分(质量分数)分别为Mg-5.5Zn-0.7Zr-0.4Y-0.4Nd,Mg-5.5Zn-0.7Zr-0.5Y-0.5Nd和Mg-5.5Zn-0.7Zr-0.6Y-0.6Nd的镁合金。采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪等观察了ZK60合金和ZK60RE合金的铸态、均匀化以及轧制态的显微组织。结果表明,稀土元素Y和Nd混合添加能够细化ZK60合金的铸态、均匀化以及轧制态组织,并且可以明显提高其室温断裂强度,在该文试验范围内,随着稀土元素含量的增加室温断裂强度增加,其中化学成分为Mg-5.5Zn-0.7Zr-0.5Y-0.5Nd和Mg-5.5Zn-0.7Zr-0.6Y-0.6Nd的合金比未添加稀土元素的ZK60合金室温断裂强度分别提高了20.09%和20.56%。     

铸造冷却速度对Mg-4.4Zn-0.3Zr-0.4Y挤压态合金组织性能的影响

本文通过两种不同冷却速度制备成分相同、铸造组织特征不同的Mg-4.4Zn-0.3Zr-0.4Y铸态合金,研究不同铸造组织特征对挤压变形态合金组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：与空冷铸造合金相比较,通过水冷冷却增大了熔体冷却速度,使铸态组织得到细化,抑制了W-相（Mg3Y2Zn3相）的形核,并促进了I-相（Mg3YZn6相）的生成,获得了更大体积分数的准晶相(I-相)。经过挤压变形后,水冷铸造合金中的再结晶晶粒细小均匀,经过挤压变形破碎的细小I-相颗粒弥散分布在基体上,{0002}基面织构得到弱化,而{101 ?2}织构强度增强,从而使挤压态Mg-4.4Zn-0.3Zr-0.4Y合金的强度和塑性都得到了大幅的提高。水冷铸造Mg-4.4Zn-0.3Zr-0.4Y合金经过挤压变形后,屈服强度和抗拉强度分别达到297.0MPa和327.3MPa,与空冷铸造挤压态合金相比分别提高了46.4MPa和21.4MPa。水冷铸造Mg-4.4Zn-0.3Zr-0.4Y挤压态合金的延伸率达到14.8%,与空冷铸造挤压态合金相比增大了4.7%。     

汽车用Mg-6Zn-0.55Zr合金的轧制工艺研究

对挤压态Mg-6Zn-0.55Zr合金进行了轧制试验,并采用光学显微镜、万能试验机研究了轧制及轧制后退火对挤压态Mg-6Zn-0.55Zr合金显微组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:挤压态合金经轧制温度320℃,道次压下率为60%、30%、10%的3道次轧制,板材边缘无裂纹产生,表面质量良好。轧制态合金的晶粒内有大量孪晶与位错,经240℃×1 h退火后,合金完全静态再结晶,等轴晶粒较为细小、均匀,合金的抗拉强度和伸长率分别达到316 MPa和29.6%,综合力学性能最佳。     

稀土Y元素对铸态镁合金组织与力学性能的影响

采用熔炼工艺制备了Mg-2.0Zn-0.2Ca与Mg-2.0Zn-0.2Ca-2Y合金,研究了两种合金的铸态组织及力学性能。结果表明,Y元素的添加细化了Mg-2.0Zn-0.2C合金的铸态组织。Mg-2.0Zn-0.2Ca合金主要由α-Mg与少量Mg₇Zn₃相组成,添加2wt%的Y后,改变了Zn在Mg基体中的固溶度,降低了其固溶强化效果,同时组织中形成了I相和W相。添加Y元素后,合金的规定塑性延伸强度升高,从41.0 MPa升高到50.6 MPa;伸长率降低,从12.6%降低到4.0%。     

Nd、Ca对铸态Mg-Zn-Y合金组织与性能的影响

以Mg-3.0Zn-0.5Y合金为基体,分别添加1.0wt％Nd和0.6 wt％Ca,研究了Nd、Ca对铸态Mg-3.0zn-0.5Y合金组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,添加Nd和Ca的合金比不添加的合金晶粒略小;添加Ca的合金生成了金属化合物,合金的抗拉强度和伸长率分别下降了28.2％和79.6％;添加Nd的合金抗拉强度变化不大,伸长率降低16.8％.     

Mg-5.0Y-3.0Nd-0.5Zr合金铸态组织和力学性能研究

对Mg-5.0Y-3.0Nd-0.5Zr镁合金进行熔铸和不同温度的均匀化退火,测试该合金的室温力学性能。并采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜等观察铸态和均匀化退火态组织。结果表明,添加Nd和Y能使镁合金的铸态组织得到细化,Nd和Y分别以Mg41Nd5和Mg24Y5化合物形式存在,均匀化退火后,试验合金抗拉强度和伸长率得到提高。其中450℃的均匀化退火效果最好,合金的抗拉强度比铸态时的提高了24.5%,伸长率提高了116.7%。     

热处理对Mg-45Zn-1.5Nd合金组织及性能的影响

采用常规铸造法制备了Mg-45Zn-1.5Nd三元合金,利用SEM、EDS、XRD、硬度及拉伸实验等方法,研究了热处理对Mg-45Zn-1.5Nd合金组织及性能的影响规律。结果表明:铸态组织由Mg7Zn3基体、α-Mg枝晶、α-Mg+MgZn共晶组织以及极少量的球状准晶相组成;退火后α-Mg枝晶和共晶组织溶入基体中,析出了球状准晶相,组织均匀化程度显著提高;热处理使Mg-45Zn-1.5Nd合金的性能大幅度提高,硬度和抗拉强度最高分别达到141.9 HB和168 MPa,比铸态合金提高了14.3%和48.7%,最佳热处理工艺为330℃×6 h;热处理后拉伸断口中尽管出现少量韧窝,但仍是以解理为主的脆性断裂。     

汽车变速器壳体镁合金Mg-Zn-Er-X的铸态组织与性能研究

在汽车用镁合金Mg-3Zn-0.8Er中分别添加合金元素Sr、Y,并进行了显微组织、物相组成、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能的测试。结果表明:Mg-3Zn-0.8Er-0.2Sr由α-Mg相、Mg Zn2相、(Mg,Zn)4Er相和Mg17Sr2相组成,Mg-3Zn-0.8Er-0.2Y则由α-Mg相、Mg Zn2相、(Mg,Zn)4Er相、Mg3Y2Zn3相和Mg12YZn相组成。与商用AZ31镁合金相比,Mg-3Zn-0.8Er-0.2Y的室温抗拉强度较商业AZ31镁合金增加96 MPa,室温伸长率增加6.3%,盐雾腐蚀100h后的质量损失率下降6.3%。     

Mg-10Er-2Zn-0.6Zr合金的组织及力学性能

采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和力学试验等研究了Mg-10Er-2Zn-0.6Zr合金的组织和力学性能。结果表明,铸态Mg-10Er-2Zn-0.6Zr合金主要由树枝状α-Mg基体以及分布于枝晶间的长周期结构相和Mg_3(Er,Zn)相组成;合金经过500℃×20h固溶后,铸态合金中LPSO相和Mg_3(Er,Zn)相消失,而在晶界处生成WMg_3Er_2Zn_3相;随后炉冷至400℃,α-Mg晶内析出呈平行排列且贯穿晶粒的条纹状LPSO相结构。拉伸条件下,固溶态合金具有最佳的力学性能,其屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别为117 MPa、227 MPa、17.9%。与拉伸性能相比,压缩条件下合金表现出更优的力学性能。     

Ca含量对Mg-Zn-Gd-Ca系合金轧制板材组织与性能的影响

研究Ca含量(0.1%,0.5%(质量分数))对Mg-1.5Zn-0.3Gd-Ca合金铸态组织、轧制板材组织、织构与力学性能的影响,以期通过改善合金组织和织构发展高塑性镁合金板材。结果表明:Mg-1.5Zn-0.3Gd-0.1Ca铸态合金含有细小均匀的第二相,Mg-1.5Zn-0.3Gd-0.5Ca合金中则存在大块状第二相;二者的轧制板材均呈现非基面织构;轧制板材经过退火处理后发生完全再结晶,板材的塑性可大幅度提高,Mg-1.5Zn-0.3Gd-0.1Ca合金经300℃退火后,沿横向和轧制方向的伸长率分别可达34.9%和34.1%,且轧制板材沿横向和轧向屈服强度的差异性减小。     

均匀化退火对Mg-3Al-1Zn-2.2/5Sr镁合金中第二相的影响

为研究均匀化退火处理对Mg-3Al-1Zn-2.2/5Sr镁合金中第二相的影响,通过X射线衍射分析(XRD)、扫描电镜观察(SEM)和能谱分析(EDS)等手段,并结合Pandat热力学计算软件,对Mg-3Al-1Zn-2.2/5Sr镁合金均匀化退火后组织中的第二相的类型及形成原因进行了分析。结果表明:经过400℃,15 h(炉冷)的均匀化退火处理以后,合金铸态组织中原本存在的(Mg,Al)17Sr2相中固溶的Al元素所占原子分数有所降低。此外,Sr含量为2.2%(质量分数)的合金组织中可以观察到大量沿(Mg,Al)17Sr2相边缘分布的颗粒状Al4Sr相,而Sr含量为5%的合金中基本观察不到(Mg,Al)17Sr2相的变化。     

Microstructures and Properties of Reciprocatingly Extruded Mg-6.4Zn-1.1Y Alloys

An icosahedral Mg3 YZn6 quasicrystalline phase can be produced in Mg-Zn- Y system alloys when a proper amount of Zn and Y is contained, and it is feasible to prepare the quasicrystal phase-reinforced low-density magnesium alloy. In this article, phase constituents and the effect of reciprocating extrusion on microstructures and properties of the as-cast Mg-6.4Zn-1.1 Y alloy are analyzed. The microstructure of the as-cast Mg-6.4Zn-1.1 Y alloy consists of the α-Mg solid solution, icosahedral Mg3YZn6 quasicrystal, and Mg3 Y2Zn3 and MgZn2 compounds. After the alloy was reciprocatingly extruded for four passes, grains were refined, Mg3 Y2 Zn3 and MgZn2 phases dissolved into the matrix, whereas, Mg3 YZn6 precipitated and distributed uniformly. The alloy possesses the best performance at this state; the tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation are 323.4 MPa, 258.2 MPa, and 19.7%, respectively. In comparison with that of the as-cast alloy, the tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of the reciprocatingly extruded alloy increase by 258.3%, 397.5%, and 18 times, respectively. It is concluded that reciprocating extrusion can substantially improve the properties of the as-cast Mg-6.4Zn-1.1 Y alloy, particularly for elongation. The high performance of the Mg-6.4Zn-1.1 Y alloy after reciprocating extrusion can be attributed to dispersion strengthening and grain-refined microstructures.     

MICROSTRUCTURES AND PROPERTIES OF RECIPROCATINGLY EXTRUDED Mg-6.4Zn-1.IY ALLOYS

An icosahedral Mg3 YZn6 quasicrystalline phase can be produced in Mg-Zn-Y system alloys when a proper amount of Zn and Y is contained, and it is feasible to prepare the quasicrystal phase-reinforced low-density magnesium alloy. In this article, phase constituents and the effect of reciprocating extrusion on microstructures and properties of the as-cast Mg-6.4Zn-1.1 Y alloy are analyzed. The microstructure of the as-cast Mg-6.4Zn-1.1 Y alloy consists of the a-Mg solid solution, icosahedral Mg3 YZn6 quasicrystal, and Mg3 Y2Zn3 and MgZn2 compounds. After the alloy was reciprocatingly extruded for four passes, grains were refined, Mg3 Y2 Zn3 and MgZn2 phases dissolved into the matrix, whereas, Mg3YZn6 precipitated and distributed uniformly. The alloy possesses the best performance at this state; the tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation are 323.4 MPa, 258.2 MPa, and 19.7%, respectively. In comparison with that of the as-cast alloy, the tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of the reciprocatingly extruded alloy increase by 258.3%, 397.5%, and 18 times, respectively. It is concluded that reciprocating extrusion can substantially improve the properties of the as-cast Mg-6.4Zn-1.1 Y alloy, particularly for elongation. The high performance of the Mg-6.4Zn-1.1 Y alloy after reciprocating extrusion can be attributed to dispersion strengthening and grain-refined microstructures.     

不同Y含量对ZM21镁合金组织和力学性能的影响

本文主要通过OM、SEM、EDS和XRD等研究了铸态及挤压态Mg-2Zn-1Mn-xY (Y=0,0.8,2.2,wt.%) 镁合金显微组织和力学性能。由实验结果可知,稀土Y的添加,不仅可以细化铸态及挤压态合金晶粒,还可以弱化挤压态合金的基面织构强度,从而同时提高合金的强度以及韧性。本文中最优化合金挤压态Mg-2Zn-1Mn-xY合金具有良好的力学性能,与原始Mg-2Zn-1Mn合金相比,屈服强度从164MPa提高到204MPa、抗拉强度从237MPa提高到298MPa以及延伸率从12%增加到18%。     

Effect of ageing treatment on microstructures,mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of Mg-Zn-RE-Zr alloy micro-alloyed with Ca and Sr

Effects of ageing treatment on the microstructures, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of the Mg-4.2Zn-1.7RE-0.8Zr-xCa-ySr [x=0, 0.2 (wt.%), y=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 (wt.%)] alloys were investigated. Results showed that Ca or/and Sr additions promoted the precipitation hardening behavior of Mg-4.2Zn-1.7RE-0.8Zr alloy and shortened the time to reaching peak hardness from 13 h to 12 h. The maximum hardness of 77.1±0.6 HV for the peak-aged Mg-4.2Zn-1.7RE-0.8Zr-0.2Ca-0.2Sr alloy was obtained. The microstructures of peak-aged alloys mainly consist of α-Mg phase, Mg₅₁Zn₂₀ phase and ternary T-phase. The Zn-Zr phase is formed within the α-Mg matrix, and the Mg₂Ca phase is formed near T-phase due to the enrichment of Ca in front of the solid-liquid interface. Furthermore, fine short rod-shaped β′₁ phase is precipitated within the α-Mg matrix in the peak-aged condition. The peak-aged Mg-4.2Zn-1.7RE-0.8Zr-0.2Ca-0.2Sr alloy exhibits optimal mechanical properties with an ultimate tensile strength of 208 MPa, yield strength of 150 MPa and elongation of 3.5%, which is mainly attributed to precipitation strengthening. In addition, corrosion properties of experimental alloys in the 3.5wt.% NaCl solution were studied by the electrochemical tests, weight loss, hydrogen evolution measurement and corrosion morphology observation. The results suggest that peak-aged alloys show reduced corrosion rates compared with the as-cast alloys, and minor additions of Ca and/or Sr improve the corrosion resistance of the Mg-4.2Zn-1.7RE-0.8Zr alloy. The peak-aged Mg-4.2Zn-1.7RE-0.8Zr-0.2Ca-0.2Sr alloy possesses the best corrosion resistance, which is mainly due to the continuous and compact barrier wall constructed by the homogeneous and continuous second phases.

     

热处理工艺对高真空压铸Mg–8Gd–3Y–0.4Zr镁合金组织及力学性能的影响

研究T4和T6热处理状态下高真空压铸Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.4Zr（质量分数,%）合金的微观组织、化合物含量、力学性能及断裂行为。铸态Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.4Zr合金微观组织主要由α-Mg和共晶Mg24（Gd,Y）5化合物组成。经固溶处理后,共晶化合物大量溶解于镁基体,合金主要含过饱和α-Mg及方块相。固溶合金中方块相的含量随固溶温度的升高而增大,力学性能也有所提高。根据微观组织结果,确定475℃,2 h为Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.4Zr合金最优固溶方案。合金的最佳屈服强度为222.1 MPa,延伸率可达15.4%。铸态,T4状态下和T6状态下合金的拉伸断裂模式为穿晶准解理断裂。     

Effect of Cu addition on microstructure and properties of Mg-10Zn-5Al-0.1Sb high zinc magnesium alloy

To improve the strength,hardness and heat resistance of Mg-Zn based alloys,the effects of Cu addition on the as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-10Zn-5Al-0.1Sb high zinc magnesium alloy were investigated by means of Brinell hardness measurement,scanning electron microscopy (SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS),XRD and tensile tests at room and elevated temperatures.The results show that the microstructure of as-cast Mg-10Zn-5Al-0.1Sb alloy is composed of α-Mg,t-Mg32(Al,Zn)49,φ-Al2Mg5Zn2 and Mg3Sb2 phases.The morphologies of these phases in the Cu-containing alloys change from semi-continuous long strip to black herringbone as well as particle-like shapes with increasing Cu content.When the addition of Cu is over 1.0wt.%,the formation of a new thermally-stable Mg2Cu phase can be observed.The Brinell hardness,room temperature and elevated temperature strengths firstly increase and then decrease as the Cu content increases.Among the Cu-containing alloys,the alloy with the addition of 2.0wt.% Cu exhibits the optimum mechanical properties.Its hardness and strengths at room and elevated temperatures are 79.35 HB,190MPa and 160MPa,which are increased by 9.65%,21.1% and 14.3%,respectively compared with those of the Cu-free one.After T6 heat treatment,the strengths at room and elevated temperatures are improved by 20% and 10%,respectively compared with those of the as-cast alloy.This research results provide a new way for strengthening of magnesium alloys at room and elevated temperatures,and a method of producing thermally-stable Mg-10Zn-5Al based high zinc magnesium alloys.     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-10Ho-0.6Zr-xNd alloys

Mg-10Ho-0.6Zr-xNd (x=0, 1, 3 and 5, mass fraction, %) alloys were prepared by metal mould casting, and the microstructures and mechanical properties were investigated. The results show that the grain size of as-cast alloys reduces and the hardness and strength increase with the increase of Nd content. The alloys are aged followed by solid solution treatment. Mg-10Ho-0.6Zr-3Nd and Mg-10Ho-0.6Zr-5Nd alloys exhibit obvious age hardening response. The hardness value of Mg-10Ho-0.6Zr-5Nd alloy increases from HV104 at as-cast state to HV136 at peak-aged state. The maximum ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of the Mg-10Ho-0.6Zr-5Nd alloy are obtained in at peak-aged state, and the values are 323 MPa, 212 MPa at room temperature, and 258 MPa, 176 MPa at 250 ℃, respectively. The improvement of the tensile strength is mainly attributed to the fine and dispersively distributed plate-shaped β′ metastable phase.     

Zr含量对Mg-3Zn-1Y合金显微组织和腐蚀行为的影响

采用传统重力铸造法制备了Mg-3Zn-1Y-x Zr(x=0,0.2,0.4,0.6)合金,并通过光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、失重和电化学实验研究了Zr含量对Mg-3Zn-1Y显微组织和腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明:Mg-3Zn-1Y主要由α-Mg基质和Mg3YZn6(I)相组成,Zr的加入没有改变第二相的类型。Zr能显著细化晶粒,优化组织结构,提升合金耐腐蚀性。同时,Zr能提升合金基体腐蚀电位,减小腐蚀电流密度,抑制合金腐蚀。失重结果表明,Mg-3Zn-1Y-0.6Zr具有最佳的耐腐蚀性能,达到(0.325±0.042)mm/a。