中性墨水颜料吸附性与分散稳定性研究

中性墨水的流变性和颜料分散稳定性是影响中性墨水品质的两个重要因素,这两个因素又直接受到分散树脂、增稠剂种类与稳态吸附量的影响。本文考查了不同颜基比下增稠剂吸附颜料粒子的量对墨水表观黏度及触变值的影响,并在理想条件下,选择复配碱溶胀型增稠剂对墨水流变性和稳定性进行研究。结果表明,分散树脂与增稠剂对颜料粒子存在动态竞争吸附;当墨水体系中颜基比为3:1,借助0.4% ALCOGUARD 5800与1.0% T-938复合增稠,所制备的中性墨水具有良好的流变性能与分散稳定性。     

中性墨水颜料的吸附性与分散稳定性

考察了不同颜基比下增稠剂添加量对墨水表观黏度及触变值的影响和复配碱溶胀型增稠剂对墨水流变性和稳定性的影响。结果表明,分散树脂与增稠剂对颜料粒子存在动态竞争吸附;当墨水颜基比为3∶1,添加占体系总质量0.4%的ALCOGUARD 5800(增稠剂A)与1.0%的T-938(增稠剂B)复合增稠时,所制备中性墨水的流变参数为:触变环面积1 478.30 Pa/s,屈服应力5.19 Pa,触变值4.03,均与日本米库尼墨水参数相当,且离心稳定性系数为96.7%,恒温加热微观分散均匀。     

超分散剂对紫色中性墨水颜料分散影响及应用

研究了超分散剂聚环氧乙烷-稠环芳烃嵌段共聚物的用量、研磨时间等对颜料紫23粒径、热稳定性及离心稳定性的影响。通过TEM观察墨水微观分散状态,并结合FTIR分析分散剂对颜料紫23的作用机制。结果表明：添加质量分数为15%的超分散剂,2800r/min研磨2.5h,紫色色浆粒径可达138nm,且分散稳定性最佳。该分散剂与颜料紫23的吸附作用推动力应为分散剂的疏水基团（稠环芳烃）与颜料紫23结构中苯环结构通过π-π堆积作用发生吸附,从而引起C—H键的红外吸收发生变化。用自制紫色色浆调制的中性墨水,触变值为5.47,符合国家标准,该墨水长期储存性、线条落墨情况、耐水性均较好。     

水溶性醇对中性墨水性能的影响

分别考察了与分散树脂SMA(苯乙烯-马来酸酐树脂)相容的6种水溶性醇对炭黑颜料色浆的分散稳定性,中性墨水的触变性、保湿性与书写性能的影响。结果表明,聚乙二醇200、聚乙二醇400和甘油均与SMA具有较好的相容性;以聚乙二醇400制得的炭黑色浆分散稳定性最佳;与SMA相容性好的水溶性醇随其添加量的变化会对中性墨水触变值产生较大的影响;甘油、乙二醇与聚乙二醇400都可使中性墨水具有良好的保湿性;甘油、聚乙二醇200与聚乙二醇400所制备的中性墨水出墨量稳定、线条均匀,书写性能良好。     

超分散剂对紫色中性墨水颜料分散影响及应用

研究了超分散剂聚环氧乙烷-稠环芳烃嵌段共聚物的用量、研磨时间对颜料紫23粒径、热稳定性及离心稳定性的影响.通过TEM观察墨水微观分散状态,并结合FTIR分析分散剂对颜料紫23的作用机制.结果表明:添加质量分数为15％的超分散剂,2500 r/min研磨2.5 h,紫色色浆粒径可达138 nm,且稳定性最佳.该分散剂与颜料紫23的吸附作用推动力应为分散剂的疏水基团(稠环芳烃)与颜料紫23结构中苯环结构通过 π-π堆积作用发生吸附,从而引起C—H键的红外吸收发生变化.用自制紫色色浆调制的中性墨水,触变值为5.48,符合行业标准,该墨水长期储存性、线条落墨情况、耐水性均较好.     

分散剂对红色颜料分散体系稳定性的影响及其在白板笔墨水中的应用

以高分子化合物——聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯嵌段共聚物(F68)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)及其分别与非离子型表面活性剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO-6)复配作为分散剂,研究不同分散剂对醇溶性白板笔墨水红色颜料分散体系稳定性的影响。通过离心分离-吸光度测试、粒径分析判断其稳定性;通过流变性测试探究高分子化合物与AEO-6之间的作用关系。将稳定性好的分散剂用于制备红色白板笔墨水,并通过流变性测试、粒径分析表征墨水的稳定性能。结果表明,采用3种高分子分散剂的红色颜料分散体系稳定性好,且添加质量分数为1%PVB的体系稳定性最佳。在高分子分散剂与AEO-6复配分散的颜料体系中,高分子分散剂对体系稳定性起主导作用,AEO-6并没有起到明显的作用。在红色白板笔墨水中,PVB分散的墨水体系稳定性最佳,此结果与红色颜料分散体系相一致。     

影响大红粉色浆分散稳定性的因素探讨

从测定丙烯酸树脂和大红粉颜料所构成的分散体系在砂磨后的细度和相对沉降率入手,讨论了砂磨时间、丙烯酸树脂添加量和分散剂使用情况对体系分散稳定性的影响。结果表明:砂磨时间为100 min,丙烯酸树脂添加比例为68%,分散剂添加比例为30%(按颜料总量计),分散剂在砂磨前加入时,分散体系稳定性达到最佳。     

助剂对水性环氧树脂涂料性能影响

介绍了水性环氧树脂涂料的制备工艺,讨论了分散剂、增稠剂、消泡剂、润湿剂及颜料添加量对涂料稳定性、耐水性、光泽度等性能的影响,确定了最佳助剂添加量为:分散剂1.5%、润湿剂0.2%、流平剂0.3%。     

UV固化绿色油墨

针对绿色颜料UV油墨进行研究。着重研究了复合光引发体系、润湿剂品种、颜料含量对其所引起的表观性能的变化进行了讨论，研究结果表明：复合引发体系采用Irgaeure 907、Irgacure 651,Irgacure 1173复配使用，润湿剂采用BYK-3510,绿色颜料FNGB含量在8%并添加1%的钛白来增加遮盖力，制备出的UV绿色油墨综合性能优秀。     

水性透明氧化铁红分散体的制备及其性能研究

优化了自制分散剂Fa和润湿剂Wa制备水性透明氧化铁红分散体的工艺,探讨了制备的水性透明氧化铁红分散体的性能。结果表明:当透明氧化铁红用量为20%(占整个分散体系的质量分数),分散剂Fa和润湿剂Wa的用量分别为透明氧化铁红用量的4.0%和1.0%;在45 Hz下研磨45 min时,即可获得颗粒小、透明度好、贮存稳定性优异的水性透明氧化铁红分散体。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

基于ATRP法制备的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂的吸硼性能的研究

以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。