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1.
    
Rechargeable aqueous zinc batteries have gained considerable attention for large‐scale energy storage systems because of their low cost and high safety, but they suffer from limitations in cycling stability and energy density with advanced cathode materials. Here, a high‐performance V5O12·6H2O (VOH) nanobelt cathode uniformly located on a stainless‐steel substrate via a facile electrodeposition technique is reported. We show that the hydrated layered VOH cathode enables highly reversible and ultrafast Zn2+ cation (de)intercalation processes, as confirmed by various electrochemical, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analyses. It is demonstrated that the binder‐free VOH cathode can deliver a discharge capacity of 354.8 mAh g?1 at 0.5 A g?1 with a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 99.5%, a high energy density of 194 Wh kg?1 at 2100 W kg?1, and a long cycle life with a capacity retention of 94% over 1000 cycles. In addition, a flexible quasi‐solid‐state Zn–VOH battery is constructed, achieving a reversible capacity of ≈300 mAh g?1 with a capacity retention of 96% after 50 cycles and displaying excellent electrochemical behaviors under different bending states. This work sheds light on the development of rechargeable aqueous zinc batteries for stationary grid storage applications or flexible energy storage devices.  相似文献   

2.
    
Zinc-based flow batteries are promising for distributed energy storage due to their low-cost and high-energy density advantages. One of the most critical issues for their practical application is the reliability that results from the heterogeneous zinc deposition and dead zinc from falling off the electrode. Herein, nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs)-based composite membrane through a facilely partially embedded method is reported to enable a dendrite-free alkaline zinc-based flow battery. The results indicate that the electrically conductive N-CNTs functional layer can enhance the transport dynamics of charge carriers and homogenize electric field distribution in membrane–electrode interface, which induces the initial nucleation of metallic zinc from the carbon felt electrode to N-CNTs functional layer and further achieve a uniform and dense plating of metallic zinc in alkaline media. Thus, the engineered membrane enables a stable alkaline zinc–iron flow battery performance for more than 350 h at a current density of 80 mA cm−2. Moreover, an energy efficiency of over 80% can be afforded at a current density of 200 mA cm−2. The scientific finding of this study provides a new strategy on composite membranes design and their capability to adjust the plating of metallic zinc in alkaline media.  相似文献   

3.
    
Conventional bulky and rigid power systems are incapable of meeting flexibility and breathability requirements for wearable applications. Despite the tremendous efforts dedicated to developing various 1D energy storage devices with sufficient flexibility, challenges remain pertaining to fabrication scalability, cost, and efficiency. Here, a scalable, low‐cost, and high‐efficiency 3D printing technology is applied to fabricate a flexible all‐fiber lithium‐ion battery (LIB). Highly viscous polymer inks containing carbon nanotubes and either lithium iron phosphate (LFP) or lithium titanium oxide (LTO) are used to print LFP fiber cathodes and LTO fiber anodes, respectively. Both fiber electrodes demonstrate good flexibility and high electrochemical performance in half‐cell configurations. All‐fiber LIB can be successfully assembled by twisting the as‐printed LFP and LTO fibers together with gel polymer as the quasi‐solid electrolyte. The all‐fiber device exhibits a high specific capacity of ≈110 mAh g?1 at a current density of 50 mA g?1 and maintains a good flexibility of the fiber electrodes, which can be potentially integrated into textile fabrics for future wearable electronic applications.  相似文献   

4.
    
Over the past decade, wood‐derived materials have attracted enormous interest for both fundamental research and practical applications in various functional devices. In addition to being renewable, environmentally benign, naturally abundant, and biodegradable, wood‐derived materials have several unique advantages, including hierarchically porous structures, excellent mechanical flexibility and integrity, and tunable multifunctionality, making them ideally suited for efficient energy storage and conversion. In this article, the latest advances in the development of wood‐derived materials are discussed for electrochemical energy storage systems and devices (e.g., supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries), highlighting their micro/nanostructures, strategies for tailoring the structures and morphologies, as well as their impact on electrochemical performance (energy and power density and long‐term durability). Furthermore, the scientific and technical challenges, together with new directions of future research in this exciting field, are also outlined for electrochemical energy storage applications.  相似文献   

5.
    
An extremely stable, energy-dense (53.6 Ah L−1, 2 m transferrable electrons), low crossover (permeability of <1 × 10−13 cm2 s−1 using Nafion 212 (Nafion is a trademark polymer from DuPont)), and potentially inexpensive anthraquinone with 2-2-propionate ether anthraquinone structure (abbreviated 2-2PEAQ) is synthesized and extensively evaluated under practically relevant conditions for use in the negolyte of an aqueous redox flow battery. 2-2PEAQ shows a high stability with a fade rate of 0.03–0.05% per day at different applied current densities, cut-off voltage windows, and concentrations (0.1 and 1.0 m ) in both a full cell paired with a ferro/ferricyanide posolyte as well as a symmetric cell. 2-2PEAQ is further shown to have extreme long-term stability, losing only ≈0.01% per day when an electrochemical rejuvenation strategy is employed. From post-mortem analysis (nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV)) two degradation mechanisms are deduced: side chain loss and anthrone formation. 2-2PEAQ with the ether linkages attached on carbons non-adjacent to the central ring is found to have three times lower fade rate compared to its isomer with ether linkages on the carbon adjacent to the central quinone ring. The present study introduces a viable negolyte candidate for grid-scale aqueous organic redox flow batteries.  相似文献   

6.
    
Here, a pH neutral aqueous organic redox flow battery (AORFB) consisting of three electrolytes channels (i.e., an anolyte channel, a catholyte channel, and a central salt water channel) to achieve integrated energy storage and desalination is reported. Employing a low cost, chemically stable methyl viologen (MV) anolyte, and sodium ferrocyanide catholyte, this desalination AORFB is capable of desalinating simulated seawater (0.56 m NaCl) down to 0.023 m salt concentration at an energy cost of 2.4 W h L?1 of fresh water—competitive with current reverse osmosis technologies. Simultaneously, the cell delivers stored energy at 79.7% efficiency with a cell voltage of 0.85 V. Furthermore, the cell is also capable of higher current operation up to 15 mA cm?2, providing 4.55 mL of fresh water per hour. Combining energy storage and water desalination into such a bifunctional device offers the opportunity to address two growing global issues from one hardware installation.  相似文献   

7.
    
Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are a promising option for long-duration energy storage (LDES) due to their stability, scalability, and potential reversibility. However, solid-state and non-aqueous flow batteries have low safety and low conductivity, while aqueous systems using vanadium and zinc are expensive and have low power and energy densities, limiting their industrial application. An approach to lower capital cost and improve scalability is to utilize cheap Earth-abundant metals such as iron (Fe). Nevertheless, all-iron RFBs have many complications, involving voltage loss from ohmic resistance, side reactions such as hydrogen evolution, oxidation, and most significantly electrode plating, and dendrite growth. To address these issues, researchers have begun to examine the effects of various alterations to all-iron RFBs, such as adding organic ligands to form Fe complexes and using a slurry electrode instead of common materials such as graphite or platinum rods. Overall, progress in improving aqueous all-iron RFBs is at its infant stage, and new strategies must be introduced, such as the utilization of nanoparticles, which can limit dendrite growth while increasing storage capacity. This review provides an in-depth overview of current research and offers perspectives on how to design the next generation of all-iron aqueous RFBs.  相似文献   

8.
    
An electro‐chemomechanical phase‐field model is developed to capture the metal–insulator phase transformation along with the structural and chemical changes that occur in LixCoO2 in the regular operating range of 0.5 < x < 1. Under equilibrium, in the regime of phase coexistence, it is found that transport limitations lead to kinetically arrested states that are not determined by strain‐energy minimization. Further, lithiation profiles are obtained for different discharging rates and the experimentally observed voltage plateau is observed. Finally, a simple model is developed to account for the conductivity changes for a polycrystalline LixCoO2 thin film as it transforms from the metallic phase to the insulating phase and a strategy is outlined for memristor design. The theory can therefore be used for modeling LixCoO2‐electrode batteries as well as low voltage nonvolatile redox transistors for neuromorphic computing architectures.  相似文献   

9.
    
Halide perovskites, traditionally a solar‐cell material that exhibits superior energy conversion properties, have recently been deployed in energy storage systems such as lithium‐ion batteries and photorechargeable batteries. Here, recent progress in halide perovskite‐based energy storage systems is presented, focusing on halide perovskite lithium‐ion batteries and halide perovskite photorechargeable batteries. Halide‐perovskite‐based supercapacitors and photosupercapacitors are also discussed. The photorechargeable batteries and photorechargeable supercapacitors employ solar energy to photocharge the battery; this saves energy and improves device portability. These lightweight, integrated halide perovskite‐based systems, which are pertinent to electric vehicles and portable electronic devices, are reviewed in detail. Suggestions on future research into the design of halide‐perovskite‐based energy storage materials are also given. This review provides a foundation for the development of integrated lightweight energy conversion and storage materials.  相似文献   

10.
王京 《电子测试》2020,(6):118-119,108
主要介绍锂电池储能现状,以MW级储能调频应用的主流类型为例简述技术特点,结合行业现状探究目前制约发展的问题及对市场前景进行了展望。  相似文献   

11.
    
MoS2 is widely reported as anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, its ability to operate effectively across a wide temperature range and at high rates continues to pose fundamental challenges, limiting its further development. Herein, a monolayer Fe-doped MoS2/N,O-codoped C overlapping structure is designed and employed as an anode for wide-temperature-range SIBs. Fe doping imparts MoS2 electrode with zero bandgap characteristics, an increased interlayer spacing, and low sodium-ion diffusion energy barriers across wide operation temperatures. Impressively, Fe atoms doped into the MoS2 lattice can be reduced to superparamagnetic Fe0 nanocrystals of ≈2 nm during conversion reactions. In situ magnetometry reveals that these Fe0 nanocrystals can be used as electron acceptor in the formation of space charge zones with Na+, thereby triggering strong spin-polarized surface capacitance that facilitates fast sodium-ion storage over a wide temperature range. Consequently, the designed MoS2 electrode demonstrates exceptional fast-charging capability in half/full cells operating at −40–60 °C. This study provides novel perspectives on the utilization of heteroatom doping strategies in conversion-type electrode material design and proves the effectiveness of spin-polarized surface capacitance effect on enhancing sodium-ion storage over a wide temperature range.  相似文献   

12.
To achieve the full theoretical potential of high energy Zn S electrochemistry, the incomplete and sluggish conversion during battery discharging and high reactivation energy barrier during battery recharging associated with the sulfur cathodes must be overcome. Herein, the atomically dispersed Fe sites with Fe N4 coordination are experimentally and theoretically predicted as bidirectional electrocatalytic hotspots to simultaneously manipulate the complete sulfur conversion and minimize the energy barrier of ZnS decomposition. It is discovered that the Fe sites were favorable for strong sulfur and possible zinc polysulfide intermediate adsorption, and ensure nearly complete sulfur to ZnS conversion during discharge. For the following recharging process, the electrodeposited ZnS can be readily reversible charged back to S without a noticeable activation overpotential around Fe N4 moieties comparing to pure carbon matrixes. As expected, the freestanding iron embedded carbon fiber cloth supported sulfur cathode delivers a high specific capacity of 1143 mAh g−1 and a lower voltage hysteresis of 0.61 V. As elaborated by postmortem analysis, the degradation mechanism of Zn S cell is the accumulation of inactive ZnS crystals on the cathode side rather than the Zn metallic depletion. More encouragingly, a flexible solid-state Zn S battery with a high discharge capacity and stable reversibility is also demonstrated.  相似文献   

13.
    
All‐solid‐state batteries are promising energy storage devices in which high‐energy‐density and superior safety can be obtained by efficient cell design and the use of nonflammable solid electrolytes, respectively. This paper presents a systematic study of experimental factors that affect the electrochemical performance of all‐solid‐state batteries. The morphological changes in composite electrodes fabricated using different mixing speeds are carefully observed, and the corresponding electrochemical performances are evaluated in symmetric cell and half‐cell configurations. We also investigate the effect of the composite electrode thickness at different charge/discharge rates for the realization of all‐solid‐state batteries with high‐energy‐density. The results of this investigation confirm a consistent relationship between the cell capacity and the ionic resistance within the composite electrodes. Finally, a concentration‐gradient composite electrode design is presented for enhanced power density in thick composite electrodes; it provides a promising route to improving the cell performance simply by composite electrode design.  相似文献   

14.
    
Growing demands on energy storage devices have inspired a tremendous amount of research on rechargeable batteries. Future generations of rechargeable batteries are required to have high energy density, long lifespan, low cost, high safety, low environmental impact, and wide commercial affordability. To achieve these goals, significant efforts are underway to focus on electrolyte chemistry, electrode engineering, and new designs for energy storage systems. Herein, a comprehensive overview of an innovative sodium-based hybrid metal-ion battery (HMIBs) for advanced next-generation energy storage is presented. Recent advances on sodium-based HMIBs from the development of reformulated or novel materials associated with Na+ ions and other metal ions (such as Li+, K+, Mg2+, Zn2+, etc.), are summarized in this work. Daniell cell and “rocking-chair” type batteries are covered. Finally, the current challenges and future remedies in terms of the design and fabrication of new electrolytes, cathodes, and anodes for advanced HMIBs are discussed in this report.  相似文献   

15.
    
Quasi-solid aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) based on flexible hydrogel electrolytes are promising substitutions of lithium-ion batteries owing to their intrinsic safety, low cost, eco-friendliness and wearability. However, it remains a challenge to lower the freezing point without sacrificing the fundamental advantages of hydrogel electrolytes such as conductivity and mechanical properties. Herein, an all-around hydrogel electrolyte is constructed through a convenient energy dissipation strategy via the rapid and reversible intramolecular/intermolecular ligand exchanges between Zn2+ and alterdentate ligands. The as-obtained hydrogel exhibits excellent mechanical properties, fatigue resistance, high Zn-ion conductivity (38.2 mS cm−1), good adhesion (19.1 kPa), and ultra-low freezing point (−97 °C). Due to the alterdentate ligands help to improve the zinc ion solvation structure and guide uniform Zn deposition, the Zn||Zn symmetric cells show stable plating/stripping behavior and long-term cycle stability. The Zn||V2O5 full cells exhibit large capacity of 230.6 mAh g−1 and high capacity retention of 75.2% after 1000 cycles. Furthermore, flexible AZIBs operate stably even under extreme conditions including low temperature (−40 °C) and large bending angle (180°). The mechanically damage-resistant hydrogel can also be utilized in flexible strain sensors. This work offers a facile strategy for developing mechanically deformation-resistant, dendrite-free, and environmentally adaptable AZIBs.  相似文献   

16.
    
Aqueous zinc-based energy storage systems (Zn-ESSs) with intrinsic safety and good electrochemical performance are promising power suppliers for flexible electronics, whereas unstable zinc anodes especially in flexible Zn-ESSs pose a challenge. Herein, a self-assembled robust interfacial layer to achieve stable zinc anodes in non-flexible and flexible Zn-ESSs is reported. Specifically, zinc anodes and their slowly-released Zn2+ simultaneously interact with tannic acid molecules in ethanol–water solutions, triggering the self-assembly of a tannic acid/Zn2+ complex interfacial layer (CIL) that firmly anchors on the zinc anodes. The CIL containing abundant carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl functional groups provides rich zincophilic sites to homogenize Zn2+ flux and accelerate Zn2+ desolvation-deposition, and traps H+/H2O species to prevent them from corroding zinc anodes, thereby stabilizing the zinc deposition interface. Consequently, the CIL@Zn anodes present superior stability with an operation lifetime exceeding 700 h even at 5 mA cm−2 (28 times longer than that of bare zinc anodes) and ultrahigh cumulative plated capacity of ≈1.8 Ah cm−2. The firm anchoring of the CIL enables the CIL@Zn anodes to endure diverse deformations, thus realizing highly flexible CIL@Zn anode-based Zn-ESSs. This work provides thinking in designing stable and flexible zinc anodes, promoting the development of flexible zinc-based energy storage.  相似文献   

17.
    
Limited by sluggish reaction kinetics, insufficient electrode utilization and severe volume deformation, designing nickel-based materials with high capacity and rate capability is still a challenge. Herein, a carbon nanotubes threaded NiSe2/Co3Se4 quantum dots embedded in carbon nanospheres with rich Se vacancies both in NiSe2 and Co3Se4 is elaborately designed via MOF template method. The formation mechanism of the Se vacancies is elucidated for the first time, which is ascribed to the release of gas during the decomposition of organic ligand inhibits the ordered arrangement of atoms. The CNT-V-NiCoSe possesses many significant superiorities, such as sufficiently exposed active sites, high electrode utilization, favorable charge-carrier migration, and relaxed structure deformation. Consequently, the CNT-V-NiCoSe electrode shows top-level specific capacity (384 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1), ultrahigh rate capability (209 mAh g−1 at 150 A g−1) and remarkable cycling durability. The CNT-V-NiCoSe//Zn battery achieves maximum energy density of 615.6 Wh kg−1 and maximum power density of 81.7 kW kg−1. Density functional theory calculations elucidate the Se vacancies improve the density of states at Fermi level, facilitates internal charge transfer, and enhances OH− adsorption ability. This study provides guidance for the preparation of high-performance electrode materials with rich vacancies by template method.  相似文献   

18.
    
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a promising material for use as a flexible electrode in wearable energy devices due to their electrical conductivity, soft mechanical properties, electrochemical activity, and large surface area. However, their electrical resistance is higher than that of metals, and deformations such as stretching can lead to deterioration of electrical performances. To address these issues, here a novel stretchable electrode based on laterally combed CNT networks is presented. The increased percolation between combed CNTs provides a high electrical conductivity even under mechanical deformations. Additional nickel electroplating and serpentine electrode designs increase conductivity and deformability further. The resulting stretchable electrode exhibits an excellent sheet resistance, which is comparable to conventional metal film electrodes. The resistance change is minimal even when stretched by ≈100%. Such high conductivity and deformability in addition to intrinsic electrochemically active property of CNTs enable high performance stretchable energy harvesting (wireless charging coil and triboelectric generator) and storage (lithium ion battery and supercapacitor) devices. Monolithic integration of these devices forms a wearable energy supply system, successfully demonstrating its potential as a novel soft power supply module for wearable electronics.  相似文献   

19.
    
Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are one of the promising technologies for large‐scale energy storage applications. For practical implementation of RFBs, it is of great interest to improve their efficiency and reduce their cost. One of the key components of RFBs that can greatly influence the efficiency and final cost is the electrode. The chemical and structural nature of electrodes can modify the kinetics of redox reactions and the accessibility of the electroactive species to available active sites. The ideal electrocatalyst for RFBs must have good activity for the desirable redox reaction, provide a high surface area, and exhibit sufficient conductivity and durability over repeated use. One strategy is to coat the electrode with metal and metal oxide electrocatalysts. Metal electrocatalysts have the advantage of high conductivity, while metal oxide catalysts are usually less expensive and so more economically attractive. In order to gain a better understanding of the performance of the electrocatalysts in RFBs, a comprehensive review of the progress in the development of metal and metal oxide electrocatalysts for RFBs is provided and a critical comparison of the latest developments is presented. Finally, practical recommendations for advancement of electrocatalysts and effective transfer of knowledge in this field are provided.  相似文献   

20.
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