大型H型钢矫后残余应力分析与检测研究

针对某钢铁厂的实际需求,通过大量的实践研究建立了大型H型钢HN1000×300矫直模拟过程中的几何模型、材料模型、网格划分方法、边界条件设置的问题,利用该有限元模型通过采用ANSYS Workbench 14.5多物理场软件分析平台成功的完成了大型H型钢HN1000×300矫直过程的数值模拟。同时对矫后残余应力进行了分析和检测,由于残余应力的存在会使钢结构中的构件提前进入塑性状态,对构件的承载力和极限刚度等相关力学性能产生很大的影响,致使其寿命和安全性也大大降低。因此,全面掌握残余应力的成因分布和检测方法,对实际生产生活具有重要的指导意义和参考价值。     

H型钢空冷过程中残余热应力的有限元分析

借助于LS-DYNA有限元软件,在H型钢轧制全程有限元分析的基础上,对轧后H型钢空冷过程进行了三维热力耦合有限元分析,分析了不同热定尺情况下H型钢残余热应力的分布.结果表明:该热轧H型钢因轧后断面温度场的分布不均匀导致空冷过程中残余热应力的分布状态复杂,其中沿轧件长度方向上的残余热应力在腹板部位整体表现为压应力,可达160 MPa以上,而翼缘中心和腰腿连接部位表现为拉应力;H型钢宽度方向的残余应力影响长度方向上的应力分布,当采用热锯定尺小于3 m时,随着长度的减小沿长度方向的残余热应力相应减小.     

大型H型钢矫直规程对矫后残余应力的影响分析

通过现场数据采集和实验研究,建立了规格为HN1000X300的最大型H型钢九辊平行辊矫直实体模型和有限元模型,把模型导入Workbench LS-DYNA显示动力学软件模块中,进行材料参数、网格划分、初始条件及边界条件设置并计算,成功的完成了大型H型钢HN1000x300在现场生产矫直规程及不同矫直规程下进行的矫直过程数值模拟,对各矫直规程下的矫后残余应力大小和分布规律统计对比分析,得出矫后残余应力值最小且分布状态合理的最佳矫直规程,最佳矫直规程的设定对提高矫直质量和生产率具有十分重要的意义。     

矫直对H型钢残余应力影响规律的研究分析

根据实测温度场的数据,模拟了H型钢H700×300的轧后冷却温度场,计算得到了冷却过程中产生的热应力分布.以冷却2400s时的热应力做为H型钢矫前的初始残余应力、引入到九辊矫直模型中,研究分析了矫直过程中型钢内残余应力的遗传演变规律.经过多辊矫直,翼缘高度方向呈抛物线状分布的初始纵向残余应力基本没有改变;腹板宽度方向大部分的初始残余应力仍然遗传到矫后,只有腹板根部的应力分布与矫前明显不同.就目前生产采用的矫直工艺参数而言,矫直过程对改善残余应力分布的效果并不明显,因此要提高产品性能,应从H型钢的轧制及冷却方面的控制入手.以保持较低水平的初始残余应力才是根本.     

H型钢精确矫直技术的研究分析

介绍了H型钢的多辊矫直原理,指出由于构件断面结构特点、矫直加载方式及多辊矫直过程的复杂性,决定了应用传统矫直理论对此类薄壁异形构件的矫直力学行为进行精确描述具有局限性.结合国内外研究现状,提出从矫直变形机理的进一步研究、初始弯曲程度对工艺参数及矫直质量的影响、残余应力的形成及控制机理,以及利用有限元仿真技术手段等方面对H型钢矫直技术展开深入研究的方向,以寻求适用于H型钢这类薄壁构件的精确矫直理论.     

不同拘束状态对Q345钢多层多道焊残余应力影响

基于有限元软件SYSWELD,对Q345钢多层多道对接接头进行了温度场、相变、应力场多物理场耦合计算,得到了三种不同拘束状态下的残余应力分布规律。通过采用非线性混合硬化模型模拟加工硬化,对Q345钢多层多道对接接头残余应力场进行了仿真计算、仿真结果对比和X射线测试,吻合度较好,焊缝区和热影响区纵向残余应力均为拉应力,其中最大残余拉应力出现在焊缝区,随着离焊缝中心距离增加,纵向残余拉应力逐渐减小;同时焊缝区残余应力峰值随着拘束度的增加而增加,但是增加幅度有限。     

高强钢T形接头焊接残余应力的数值模拟

焊接过程中不均匀的温度场及局部塑性应变导致了残余应力的产生,从而影响焊接结构的疲劳强度及承载能力.应用ABAQUS的焊接子程序DFLUX,结合单元“生死”技术对高强钢焊接流程进行数值分析.获得了焊接温度场和应力场的动态变化过程,计算出焊接温度场及残余应力的分布,绘制出焊接残余应力分布曲线,为优化焊接工艺,控制焊接残余应力提供理论依据.     

金属二次切削残余应力的有限元分析

残余应力是影响构件表面完整性的重要因素,合理分析和研究连续切削状态下构件表面的残余应力,对现实生产有很大的指导意义。本文通过建立二次切削有限元模型,将一次切削完成以后的应力、应变场作为初始边界条件加载到二次切削过程中,运用可靠的材料模型及切屑分离手段,合理施加位移和速度边界条件,对金属二次切削过程进行数值模拟,得出了不同切削次序、切削深度和刀尖圆角半径对工件表面残余应力的影响规律。这对进一步研究连续切削过程及机械加工的表面完整性具有较高的参考价值。     

P92钢管道焊接残余应力场研究

采用红外热成像仪测试了P92钢管道焊接温度场,并采用X射线衍射方法对P92管道焊接接头热处理前后的残余应力分布进行了测试.采用有限元方法对P92钢焊接温度场进行了计算和分析,并采用间接法用温度场结果计算残余应力场.分析比较了焊后热处理前后的焊接残余应力变化情况,证明焊后热处理对焊接残余应力具有一定的消除作用.     

铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头内部残余应力的短波长X射线测试

采用自制的短波长X射线应力分析仪测定了2024-T351铝合金板搅拌摩擦焊接头的内部残余应力分布。结果表明:接头内部的纵向残余应力呈典型的"M"型分布,且高于横向残余应力,应力峰值位于焊缝热机影响区和热影响区交界附近,测试结果与文献报道结果相符。     

轴孔过盈配合的解析解

轴孔过盈配合由于其结构简单、承载能力高,在工程中得到广泛的应用,但其配合接触面应力分布复杂,边缘处出现应力集中.用拉普位移函数和位移势函数叠加的方法给出了位移函数,该位移函数满足轴孔过盈配合空间轴对称问题的弹性力学微分方程和边界条件,从而求出了轴孔过盈配合空间轴对称问题应力和位移的解析解.通过对边界条件的设定,对轴孔过...     

焊接残余应力的形成和对策

研究发现焊接残余应力对结构件的承载能力、加工精度、尺寸稳定性等有很大影响,因此消除残余应力势在必行。根据焊接残余应力的形成机制,提出了合理地降低及消除焊接残余应力的措施。降低和消除残余应力的方法可归结为两大类:一种就是通过热作用来消除,另一种是通过机械作用来消除。     

重载货车车轮踏面制动辐板热应力分析

采用大轴重货车是解决我国铁路货运能力不足的主要途径之一,然而提高轴重意味着车轮踏面所受的制动热负载将会增大,这可能导致大轴重货车车轮辐板热损伤加剧。因此,有必要通过对不同轴重车轮热应力的对比分析,揭示轴重大小对车轮辐板损伤的影响规律,为制定大轴重货车运行和制动条件提供支持。提出研究此问题的新思路,采用热弹塑性有限单元法,模拟在热处理工艺过程中车轮辐板残余应力分布状况,使得车轮存在仿真制动工况所需的初始残余应力。对重载运煤专线—大秦线全程循环制动进行模拟,计算得到车轮制动功率—时间历程,仿真在此工况下30 t重载货车车轮辐板的温度场和热应力场的分布状况。计算比较21 t、25 t和30 t轴重货车车轮在大秦线全程循环制动中热应力和制动完全结束后的残余应力的变化规律。结果表明,车轮在热处理后,车轮辐板残余应力是不可忽视的。随着轴重的增大,车轮辐板将承受更大的热应力和残余应力。     

Predictive modeling of residual stress in minimum quantity lubrication machining

Residual stress is one of the critical characteristics for assessing the surface integrity of machined components as it poses a strong bearing on the service quality, functionality, and life of the machined components. The machined-in residual stresses can be affected by cutting parameters, tool geometry, material properties, and lubrication conditions. A physics-based relationship between residual stresses and processing conditions could support process planning in achieving desirable part quality and functionality. This paper presents an analytical model that predicts the residual stresses in machining under minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) condition as functions of cutting parameters, tool geometry, material properties as well as MQL application parameters. Both the lubrication and cooling effects caused by MQL air–oil mixture contribute to changes in friction due to boundary lubrication as well as changes in the thermal stress due to heat loss. The cutting force and cutting temperature are coupled into a thermal–mechanical model which incorporates the kinematic hardening and strain compatibility to predict the resulting residual stress under lubricated conditions. The residual stress prediction model is verified for orthogonal tube facing of TC4 alloy. The predicted residual stresses captured the measured results well in terms of the trend and magnitude.     

SUS310S不锈钢局部真空电子束焊接接头残余应力及变形研究

作为一种新型焊接方法,局部真空电子束焊接常被用于制造厚大的奥氏体不锈钢焊接接头,而该类接头的焊接残余应力和变形问题受到广泛关注。对板厚40 mm的SUS310S不锈钢局部真空电子束焊接的对接接头进行了研究,并利用光学显微镜表征接头的组织形貌,利用显微硬度计测量接头的硬度分布,采用盲孔法装置和三坐标测量仪测量了接头的残余应力与面外变形。同时,基于ABAQUS有限元软件平台,通过编写用户子程序开发了一种复合热源模型来模拟局部真空电子束焊接过程中的热输入。采用所开发的“热-弹-塑性有限元”计算方法,模拟了接头在局部真空电子束焊条件下的残余应力与变形,模拟结果与试验结果吻合良好,验证了所开发的“热-弹-塑性有限元方法”的有效性。同时基于数值模拟结果,还详细讨论了局部真空电子束焊厚板对接接头的残余应力分布与焊接变形特征。     

弧面凸轮啮合过程中的弹性变形静力学分析

目前弧面分度凸轮机构已被广泛应用于高速高精度传动场合,在运动传递过程中承受着较大的载荷,因此在工作过程中必须对其受力变形进行分析,预测其极限承载能力.对此,建立了弧面分度凸轮机构的有限元模型,具体分析了机构啮合传动过程中凸轮与滚子从动盘的受力情况,尤其是双滚啮合情况下的齿间载荷分配原则.最后,通过实例分析了弧面凸轮在传动过程中静力学变形薄弱环节,为进一步的优化设计提供理论依据和优化手段.     

A Theoretical Study of Residual Stress Effects on Fatigue Life Prediction

Recently, the trend has been toward the use of the full subsurface stress field in rolling element bearing fatigue life prediction (stress field-based life models). By using the stress field-based bearing life models, more accurate assessments of such things as fitting practice and thermal treatments on the bearing performance are achieved. However, one aspect missing in most models has been the consideration of the changing residual stress during operation of the bearing. This study was conducted to investigate the time dependent residual stress on contact fatigue life predictions.

This study concluded that the changes in residual stress during operation were most likely a fatigue reaction of the material to the pre-fatigue residual stress and cyclic contact stress fields. The materials fatigue response changes the instantaneous values of the material constants in most stress field-based life equations, thus making them in-calculable. As such, the pre-fatigue residual stress field should be used in the stress field-based models.     

Effects on mechanical properties in electron beam welding of TC4 alloy by laser shock processing

The surface of TC4 titanium alloy welding line by electron beam welding (EBW) was processed by high power Q-switched and repetition-rate Nd: glass laser. Effects of laser power and spot diameter on residual stress and microhardness of the TC4 alloy welding line by laser shock processing (LSP) have been analyzed. Results show that residual stresses almost do not change as laser power is 45.9 J, spot diameter is ϕ9 mm; While laser power is 45.9 J, spot diameter less than ϕ3 mm, the distribution of residual stress in welding line occurs obvious variation, which residual stress increase obviously with spot diameter decrease. When power density is bigger than 1.8 × 10¹⁰ W/cm², residual stresses of electron beam welding line occur change by LSP, which improve obviously residual stress distribution; while laser power is bigger than 1.2 × 10¹⁰ W/cm², the surface micro-hardness of electron beam welding line occurs change by LSP, which improve obviously micro-hardness distribution. Mechanical properties of TC4 titanium alloy welding line will be improved by LSP, which provides experimental foundation for further controlling the distributions of residual stress and micro-hardness during laser shock processing. __________ Translated from Journal of Jiangsu University (Natural Science), 2006, 27(3): 207–210 [译自: 江苏大学学报 (自然科学版)]     

Effects of lubricant additives on the performance of hydrodynamically lubricated journal bearings

A non-Newtonian rheological model to investigate theoretically the effects of lubricant additives on the steady state performance of hydrodynamically lubricated finite journal bearings is introduced. In this model, the non-Newtonian behavior resulting from blending the lubricant with polymer additives is simulated by Stokes couple stress fluid model. The formed boundary layer at the bearing surface is described through the use of a hypothetical porous medium layer that adheres to the bearing surface. The Brinkman-extended Darcy equations are utilized to model the flow in the porous region. A stress jump boundary condition is applied at the porous media/fluid film interface. A modified form of the Reynolds equation is derived and solved numerically using a finite difference scheme. The effects of bearing geometry, and non-Newtonian behavior of the lubricant on the steady-state performance characteristics such as pressure distribution, load carrying capacity, side leakage flow, and coefficient of friction are presented and discussed. The results showed that lubricant additives significantly increase the load carrying capacity and reduce both the coefficient of friction and the side leakage as compared to the Newtonian lubricants.