湍流大气中高斯光束波前刃位错

在Rytov近似下 ,通过引入统计平均位错的概念研究了高斯光束通过近地面湍流大气传播时波前刃位错位置与湍流大气强度和传播距离等参数的关系。分别在远大于和远小于光波位相起伏周期的两种情况下 ,研究并得出了波前刃位错位置的湍流系综统计平均理论关系     

相干涡旋和刃型位错在海洋湍流中的相互作用

类比相干光束中刃型位错概念,提出一种新的相干奇点——相干刃型位错。对高斯-谢尔模光束携带的相干涡旋和刃型位错在海洋湍流中的相互作用进行研究。基于扩展的惠更斯-菲涅耳原理,得到了该光束在海洋湍流环境下的交叉谱密度表达式,并将其用于研究相干涡旋和刃型位错的相互作用。研究发现：相干刃型位错在相干涡旋的作用下发生断裂并转化成相干涡旋。在光束传输过程中,光场中有单个或成对相干涡旋的产生或湮灭现象发生。二者之间的作用特点不仅与传输距离有关,还受光束初始参数和海洋湍流参数的影响。二者之间的作用规律与自由空间光涡旋和刃型位错的作用规律不同。     

湍流大气中空间部分相干奇异光波的传输

自由空间中带有光学涡的部分相干光的传输特性是影响大气光通信系统性能的关键因子之一.基于弱湍流大气中光波传输的Rytoy方法和部分相干光的互相干函数的交叉谱密度函数近似,研究了带有"光学涡"的空间部分相干拉盖尔一高斯光束在湍流大气中的传输特性,得出了弱湍流大气中传输的部分相干光束互相干函数和平均光强空间分布的解析关系.研究结果表明,弱湍流大气起伏仅仅影响这类光束相干函数的幅值,不改变光束光学涡的分布特征.     

环形光束大气传输数值模拟与分析

为了研究大气湍流对环形光束激光工程应用的影响,采用多相位屏数值模拟的方法对环形光束在大气湍流中的传输进行了仿真模拟。通过改变大气湍流强度、传输距离等参数,定量计算了不同传输条件下质心漂移均方根、远场目标的焦平面平均功率密度,给出环形光束传输路径上特征距离解析式并分析了大气湍流对环形光束远场平均光强分布的影响。结果表明,环形光束在大气湍流中传输时光斑质心漂移随湍流效应（湍流强度或传播距离）增强而增大,远场光束质量随遮拦比增大而降低。遮拦比小于0.5时,大气湍流对光束质量的影响较为明显。环形光束大气传输数值模拟方法,可为高能激光武器等激光工程应用的理论分析和效能评估提供依据。     

激光斜程湍流大气传输平均偏振起伏

运用光子密度分布函数和采用大气折射率起伏Von Karmam湍流谱、研究了相干激光通过斜程大气传输时的平均量子偏振起伏。通过唯象方法导出大气折射起伏对光场相位调制关系,从而建立了斜程大气光子密度分布函数模型。基于斜程湍流大气光子密度分布函数导出了平均＂量子偏振度＂的解析关系。结果指出：湍流大气导致光束偏振度起伏满足零均值高斯分布,大气湍流不影响光子偏振度统计平均值。     

部分相干光束在大气湍流中传输的散斑特性

光束在大气湍流中传输时,大气湍流效应对光束进行强度和相位的随机调制,最终在远场处形成散斑。以部分相干高斯-谢尔模型（Gaussian-Schell Model,GSM）光束为研究对象,根据广义的Huygens-Fresnel原理、修正Von Karman谱模型,推导了GSM光束在大气湍流中传输时接收端光束的有效半径和平均散斑半径的表达式。利用数值计算对比分析光源相关参数和大气湍流对光束有效半径和平均散斑半径的影响。研究表明:光束的初始束腰半径越大、相干长度越小以及波长越小时,接收端光束的有效半径和平均散斑半径受湍流的影响越小;大气折射率结构常数越大,光束扩展越严重,此时平均散斑半径越小;光束有效半径和平均散斑半径随湍流外尺度增大几乎无变化,随湍流内尺度的增大而减小。所得出的结论对无线激光通信系统中光束的捕获、对准与跟踪（Acquisition,Pointing and Tracking,APT）系统的设计提供一个重要的参考价值。     

折射率结构常数廓线模式讨论

大气折射率结构常数随高度和时间变化较大,在研究光学湍流统计模式时,不同的统计方法对应统计模式的结果有一定的差别,这个差别会对模式的实际应用产生影响.从大气光学湍流的时空变化特征出发,得出大气光学湍流基本满足对数正态分布的结论,讨论了算术平均和对数平均在平均结果上的不同,研究了二者平均结果的关系,进一步研究了不同的平均方法对计算大气相干长度带来的影响.     

斜程大气传输激光束的平均光强与短期光束扩展

基于广义惠更斯-菲涅耳原理、修正von Karman 湍谱、贝塞耳权重函数的高斯函数近似和误差小于4%的波结构函数平方近似，研究得出了包含湍流尺度影响的湍流大气中传输高斯光束的平均光强新关系和包含湍流外尺度影响的光束短期扩展因子。研究了高斯光束等效半径与传输距离、初始光束束径和光波波长间的关系，结果表明，在给定折射率结构参量和传输距离情况下，存在极小短期光束扩展对应的特征初始束径和特征光波波长。     

逆向调制光通信的大气湍流及孔径平均效应

研究了逆向调制光通信回波反射链路中的大气湍流效应及抑制方法。利用相位屏方法模拟大气湍流效应,建立了弱湍流情况下高斯光束在传统无线光通信和逆向调制光通信中的传播模型,对比分析了高斯光束在传统自由空间光通信单向链路和逆向调制光通信双向链路中大气湍流引起的闪烁指数。结果显示大气湍流对逆向调制光通信回波反射链路的影响远大于对传统自由空间光通信中单向链路的影响。还研究了孔径平均效应对逆向调制光通信中回波反射链路中闪烁指数的影响。结果表明,对于逆向调制光通信,大的接收孔径对于大气闪烁的抑制依然有效。     

大气湍流中受限高斯光束的轴向光强分布

利用扩展Huygens-Fresnel原理分析了大气湍流中圆形孔径限制下高斯光束的传播特性,得到了轴上平均光强的解析表达式,运用数值模拟方法计算了不同湍流强度、孔径大小和波长下的轴上平均光强.结果表明,轴上平均光强在近场发生振荡,其振荡幅度随湍流强度增强和发射孔径的增大而降低,振荡的周期随传播距离的增大而增加;在远场随传播距离的增大,振荡逐渐消失,平均光强平滑下降,最后一个平均光强极大值的位置与湍流强度和波长成反比,与发射孔径成正比.     

激光激发表面波测量表面缺陷深度的数值研究

为了研究声表面波与表面缺陷的作用机理,实现激光超声技术对表面微缺陷定量检测,本文采用有限元法首先分别研究了声表面波与缺陷前沿、缺陷后沿的作用,然后讨论了缺陷宽度的存在对缺陷前沿与声表面波作用的影响,最后通过分析矩形缺陷与声表面波的作用,给出了能定量表征表面缺陷的特征量。研究结果表明:RS波(特征点Q)后的振荡信号(特征点W、E)来源于透射表面波在缺陷后沿所产生的振荡。特征点Q的到达时间随表面缺陷深度或宽度增大都呈现微小的线性增长；特征点W、E的到达时间差随表面缺陷深度的增大呈线性增长,与缺陷宽度的变化无关。最后,根据特征点的到达时间实现了缺陷深度的定量计算。研究结果为表面缺陷的定量检测提供了理论依据。     

Effects of extended dislocations on charge distribution in GaN epilayer

We have investigated the effect of extended dislocations (0.5-3 μm) on charge distribution in GaN epilayer grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on (0001) sapphire using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning surface potential microscopy (SSPM). It has been observed for the surface at the extended dislocations present in undoped GaN film to be negatively charged showing 0.04-0.2 V higher potential relative to regions that contain no dislocations. In addition to the higher potential at the dislocation core, the surrounding surfaces, including the edge of the dislocations, are also negatively charged in a symmetric way around the dislocations revealing crater-shaped higher potential regions (∼0.04 V) relative to surrounding dislocation-free area. The experimental results show that the protrusion-type of dislocation is also negatively charged and its potential is dependent on the size of dislocation.     

Plates and edges

The backscattering from a rectangular plate at edge-on incidence is due essentially to the individual contributions from the front and trailing edges. The contribution of the front edge is analogous to that of a wire illuminated by a plane wave, but the rear edge excitation is almost wholly determined by current waves along the side edges of the plate.     

低温真空环境光学系统波像差测试方法

为了能够预知空间低温光学系统成像质量,提出了一种高精度测试低温真空环境下F数小、后截距短的光学系统波像差的方法。首先,分析设计测试光路,对低温光学系统、干涉仪以及平面镜等进行布局,为波像差测试做好准备工作;然后,对低温真空标准透镜、标准平面镜、窗口玻璃等关键部件进行分析与设计,测试时作为系统误差项扣除;最后,调试测试光路,分别得到常温常压和低温真空环境（低温温度为100 K,压强为110-4 Pa）下光学系统波像差。通过精度验证实验表明,测量值与标准值偏差为0.010（=632.8 nm）,差别很小,证明了该测试方法的可行性。解决了光学遥感系统特别是F数小、后截距短在低温真空环境下波像差难以高精度测试或无法测试的难题。     

高速铁路环境下到达角起伏对电波通信的影响

无线电波在传播时,由于大气湍流的作用其相位会发生起伏,这是在高速铁路环境中无线通信常常遇到的问题。大气湍流造成不同部分大气的折射率起伏,使得不同部位空间电波具有不同的相移,这些相移导致随机起伏形状的等相面,这种相位形变导致波前到达角的起伏。到达角的起伏会影响通信的质量,尤其是在列车行驶时,到达角起伏会使得有用信号在传输给列车时产生偏移,从而丢失有用信号,既造成通信质量下降也造成能量利用率降低。研究到达角起伏对无线通信的影响,得到了用于描述强弱湍流条件下含有到达角起伏的信噪比的理论模型。同时数值模拟了到达角起伏信噪比和误码率的关系,对实际工程中提高无线通信系统质量具有一定的参考价值。     

Interaction of mechanical stress with residual defects in implanted Si

After drive-in of arsenic-implanted emitter structures dislocations are found at the edge of the masking window and in the unimplanted surrounding regions while the implanted areas are defect-free. These dislocations originate from a defect structure which exists temporarily in the emitters during drive-in heat treatment. The dislocations are attracted to the window edge and are pushed into the surrounding region by mechanical stresses which have their origin in the intrinsic stress of the masking layer. No penetration of dislocations outside the implanted area is observed when the implantation is done through a thin oxide film. A mechanical stress analysis of film edge induced stresses can account for the observed defect patterns.     

熔区固液界面温度梯度的优化与再结晶SOI晶膜质量的提高

本文研究了多晶硅薄膜在红外溶区再结晶过程中溶化和固化前沿不同的推进行为，提出为了提高再结晶质量，熔区两则对所得到的辐射能流密度分布有不同的要求，据此提出了一种兼熔化和固化要求的不对称加热区熔再结晶技术、成功地制备了高质量的ＳＯＩ晶膜。     

Radio-Wave-Propagation Modeling in the Presence of Multiple Knife Edges by the Bidirectional Parabolic-Equation Method

Fast full-wave computation of fields is the main reason for a radio system planner to apply the parabolic-equation method (PEM) for radio-coverage prediction. In this paper, the capability of PEM for the determination of backward electromagnetic-field scattering by single and multiple knife edges is investigated. For the wave equation, a suitable solution is considered. Contrary to the available formulations for the PEM, the proposed method includes a backward-propagating term. For both the forward and backward terms, the split-step algorithm is employed. Similar to the terrain-masking method, the effect of edges is exerted by the Fresnel-Kirchhof approximation into the forward-propagating wave. For the backward field, a similar algorithm is derived. Then, an iterative marching algorithm is developed for modeling radio wave propagation over multiple knife edges. Numerical results are compared with those of Uniform Theory of Diffraction (UTD) and finite-difference time-domain methods for the single-knife-edge problem. In addition, the effect of the backward-propagating field on radio wave propagation is investigated. The effect of edge locations and heights on the backward scattered field and number of computational iterations is studied. It is seen that, for the single knife edge, the backward scattered field depends on the height and location of the edge. The intensity of the backscattered field is a monotonic increasing function of the edge height. In addition, by increasing the edge height, the beam width of the backward scattered field increases. In ranges far from the knife edge in front of it, the field spreads, and its amplitude decreases. For multiple knife edges, it is seen that, in addition to the single backward scattered field, radio-wave-propagation modeling requires multiple forward-backward terms between successive edges. The geometry of the problem determines the required number of terms for sufficient accuracy     

Transient scattering analysis for a circular disk

The backscattered fields of a perfectly conducting circular disk are analyzed from a transient signature viewpoint. The significant dominant scattering mechanisms are identified for both principal polarizations at a variety of angles. Particular attention is given to the edge wave. The backscattered field behavior due to an incident plane wave on a perfectly conducting disk is presented. Good agreement was obtained between the eigenfunction and geometric theory of diffraction solutions. The expected mechanisms from first-, second-, and third-order diffractions with an accurate edge wave representation are demonstrated through the use of transient signatures. The most significant error in the geometric theory of diffraction (GTD) solution occurs in time where the nonprincipal plane double diffraction term exists