"菜鸟"网上行电子邮件"好轻松"

我们“菜鸟”经过学习 ,已经可以在网上冲浪了 ,我们已经有了自己的上网帐号 ,申请了免费的Ｅ -Ｍａｉｌ,学会了聊天。网络的一项强大功能就是进行通讯 ,通过网络发送和接受电子邮件是它的基本功能之一。接下来我们谈谈电子邮件的话题。先说免费的电子邮件吧。你是不是已经申请了免费的Ｅ -Ｍａｉｌ了 ?启动ＩＥ ,在地址栏内键入ｗｗｗ．３７１．ｎｅｔ(以它为例 ,别的都是大同小异 )。出现了图１的窗口。在“用户名”栏内填写你申请时获准的用户名 ,在“用户密码”栏内填上你的密码 (没有忘了吧 ) ,单击“进入”按钮 (光标变成小手 ) ,出现…     

"短板"与"长板"

“木桶理论”众所周知．由于市场竞争加剧．“木桶理论”越来越显示出深度上的苍白．许多企业开始真正理解并思考该理论的实际作用,于是“木桶理论”经过了众多的补充和演变．其内涵也越来越丰满．已经超过当时最原始的定义了。如今,这一理论的内涵相当丰富：一个木桶的储水量．不仅取决于最短板的长度．还取决于木桶的直径大小：在每块木板都相同的情况下,     

少点"示范"多点"探究"

实例 今天上午听了两节信息技术课,教学目标明确,师生的达标意识强,学生把教师的"示范"学得挺不错,教师和学生都圆满地完成了任务.但仔细想来,这两节课好像又少了点什么,学生是在教师"教"了之后"学"的,"学"得再扎实、再有效,也是在被动地"学",学生的思维已经被教师"定势"了,没有了创新"火花".     

"积件"呼唤"开放"

拜读了肖老师的《花开花落何时了》,大有感触.在文章中肖老师提倡大家来制作"积件",我深表赞成,但我更希望"积件"的制作能走向"开放"."积件"的"开放"并不意味着放弃所有权.     

做"蝴蝶"还是做"鲶鱼"

曾经有一家南方著名的家电零售商在引入IT终端模式的时候引入了“蝴蝶效应”的理论,一时间引起了业界广泛的争论;而前不久,京城知名家电巨头大中电器又大张旗鼓地进军IT零售领域,更打出了“鲶鱼效应”的招牌,在引来了诸多不同含义的目光的同时,更激发了同业厂商和媒体普遍的热烈反响。“蝴蝶”VS“鲶鱼”“蝴蝶效应”最初是一个天气预测的模型,其原意是:北美洲的一只蝴蝶扇动一下翅膀,就有可能在加勒比海掀起一股飓风。后来这个模型逐渐地被引入了混沌经济学理论。“蝴蝶效应”所揭示的现象看起来虽然具有杂乱无序、捉摸不定的特点,但在客观的市场里面却存在着广泛的适用性。我们这里所说的“蝴     

"画图"课中的"小插曲"

小插曲 这是笔者执教公开课时的一个片断: 在讲完"复制/粘贴"这一菜单命令的用法之后,我让学生试着在电脑上画一些矩形、椭圆等图形后进行"复制/粘贴"练习.忽然,不少学生好像发现了"新大陆":"老师,老师,我们发现了‘复制/粘贴'的新方法……"我不禁暗喜,因为下一步我就要讲Ctrl键的妙用了.     

"旅行者"之"父"访谈录

爱德华·斯通像一位自豪的父亲,30年来一直小心翼翼地注视着"旅行者1号"和"旅行者2号"的行踪.这两架生命力顽强的轨道探测器从制图板上起,直到对行星及其卫星硕果累累的发现,无一不在他--这次宇航任务的首席科学家的指挥之下.现在,他领导的这次宇航任务进入了新的阶段,这一双孪生探测器正翱翔在没有任何人造物体造访过的星际空间.斯通先生与<科学世界>的莫娜·基昂谈起了他的这对令人刮目相看的"宝贝".     

"竞"情娱乐"机"高一筹

记联想IEST 2006国际电子竞技锦标赛赛事用机锋行K系列电脑 在日前刚刚落幕的联想IEST 2006国际电子竞技锦标赛中国区总决赛上,魔兽争霸、星际争霸、实况足球的游戏高手们为大家上演了一场龙争虎斗的激情碰撞,震撼的游戏让玩家充分体会到了"激情、挑战、活力"的精神,吸引了无数电竞爱好者的眼球.     

带"毒"上课中的"信息安全"

"什么是信息?"当教师向小学生提出这样的问题时,他们会对答如流:"信息就是有用的消息."因为这是信息技术第一节课中的概念,学生回答起来很容易.可是,你如果追问:"那信息安全是什么意思呢?"很多小学生就不知如何回答了.在一次教学过程中,我就遇到了这样的问题.     

浅析课例"病毒"与"抗击"

本期我们特意编发了分别由中外一线教师执笔、针对同一题材的两篇课例,并邀请了北京师范大学师书恩教授进行点评,希望能让读者在对比中获得更多的启示。     

Choosing reference classes and building provisional models

A well-known problem in default logic is the ability of naive reasoners to explain bothg and ¬g from a set of observations. This problem is treated in at least two different ways within that camp.One approach is examination of the various explanations and choosing among them on the basis of various explanation comparators. A typical comparator is choosing the explanation that depends on the most specific observation, similar to the notion of narrowest reference class.Others examine default extensions of the observations and choose whatever is true in any extension, or what is true in all extensions or what is true in preferred extensions. Default extensions are sometimes thought of as acceptable models of the world that are discarded as more knowledge becomes available.We argue that the notions of specificity and extension lack clear semantics. Furthermore, we show that the problems these ideas were supposed to solve can be handled easily within a probabilistic framework.     

Obvious inferences

The notion of obvious inference in predicate logic is discussed from the viewpoint of proof-checker applications in logic and mathematics education. A class of inferences in predicate logic is defined and it is proposed to identify it with the class of obvious logical inferences. The definition is compared with other approaches. The algorithm for implementing the obviousness decision procedure follows directly from the definition.     

Modular Control and Coordination of Discrete-Event Systems

In the supervisory control of discrete-event systems based on controllable languages, a standard way to handle state explosion in large systems is by modular supervision: either horizontal (decentralized) or vertical (hierarchical). However, unless all the relevant languages are prefix-closed, a well-known potential hazard with modularity is that of conflict. In decentralized control, modular supervisors that are individually nonblocking for the plant may nevertheless produce blocking, or even deadlock, when operating on-line concurrently. Similarly, a high-level hierarchical supervisor that predicts nonblocking at its aggregated level of abstraction may inadvertently admit blocking in a low-level implementation. In two previous papers, the authors showed that nonblocking hierarchical control can be guaranteed provided high-level aggregation is sufficiently fine; the appropriate conditions were formalized in terms of control structures and observers. In this paper we apply the same technique to decentralized control, when specifications are imposed on local models of the global process; in this way we remove the restriction in some earlier work that the plant and specification (marked) languages be prefix-closed. We then solve a more general problem of coordination: namely how to determine a high level coordinator that forestalls conflict in a decentralized architecture when it potentially arises, but is otherwise minimally intrusive on low-level control action. Coordination thus combines both vertical and horizontal modularity. The example of a simple production process is provided as a practical illustration. We conclude with an appraisal of the computational effort involved.     

“低碳”背景下的设计审美

"低碳"是一种生活方式,也是一种生活态度。设计师以设计为媒介,将"低碳"生活方式传达给人们。文章告诉人们用"低碳"的思考方式去审视生活,阐述"低碳"设计的意义以及设计师在"低碳"背景下的责任。这时候,设计的任务也不只是解决人们生活中所遇到困难,而是更好地把绿色的生活态度传达给人们,引导大众走向正确的生活理念。这种生活方式进而塑造出新的审美观与审美趋势。通过对这种审美趋势的研究,从而指引我们在"低碳"背景下的设计趋势。     

德州市水利信息化现状与前瞻

在总结德州市水利信息化工作现状和成效、分析存在问题及成因的基础上,对该市加快水利信息化建设进行深入思考,提出"3456"的工作建议,即"三项统一"夯实基础、"四大系统"突出重点、"五个强化"保障发展、"六个深化"实现目标。     

The role of “craft language” in learning “Waza”

The role of craft language in the process of teaching (learning) Waza (skill) will be discussed from the perspective of human intelligence.It may be said that the ultimate goal of learning Waza in any Japanese traditional performance is not the perfect reproduction of the teaching (learning) process of Waza. In fact, a special metaphorical language (craft language) is used, which has the effect of encouraging the learner to activate his creative imagination. It is through this activity that the he learns his own habitus (Kata).It is suggested that, in considering the difference of function between natural human intelligence and artificial intelligence, attention should be paid to the imaginative activity of the learner as being an essential factor for mastering Kata.This article is a modified English version of Chapter 5 of my bookWaza kara shiru (Learning from Skill), Tokyo University Press, 1987, pp. 93–105.     

Modelling structures in generic space, a condition for adaptiveness of monitoring cognitive agent

The adaptiveness of agents is one of the basic conditions for the autonomy. This paper describes an approach of adaptiveness forMonitoring Cognitive Agents based on the notion of generic spaces. This notion allows the definition of virtual generic processes so that any particular actual process is then a simple configuration of the generic process, that is to say a set of values of parameters. Consequently, generic domain ontology containing the generic knowledge for solving problems concerning the generic process can be developed. This lead to the design of Generic Monitoring Cognitive Agent, a class of agent in which the whole knowledge corpus is generic. In other words, modeling a process within a generic space becomes configuring a generic process and adaptiveness becomes genericity, that is to say independence regarding technology. In this paper, we present an application of this approach on Sachem, a Generic Monitoring Cognitive Agent designed in order to help the operators in operating a blast furnace. Specifically, the NeuroGaz module of Sachem will be used to present the notion of a generic blast furnace. The adaptiveness of Sachem can then be noted through the low cost of the deployment of a Sachem instance on different blast furnaces and the ability of NeuroGaz in solving problem and learning from various top gas instrumentation.     

Effects of computers on Japanese schools

In this paper I consider how the computer can or should be accepted in Japanese schools. The concept of teaching in Japan stresses learning from a long-term perspective. Whereas in the instructional technology, on which the CAI or the Tutoring System depends, step-by-step attainments in relatively short time are emphasized. The former is reluctant in using the computer, but both share the Platonic perspective which are goal-oriented. However, The Socratic teacher, who intends to activate students' innate disposition to be better, would find another way of teaching and use of the computer.     

‘Use’ discourses in system development: Can communication be improved?

This paper aims to provide a basis for renewed talk about use in computing. Four current discourse arenas are described. Different intentions manifest in each arena are linked to failures in translation, different terminologies crossing disciplinary and national boundaries non-reflexively. Analysis of transnational use discourse dynamics shows much miscommunication. Conflicts like that between the Scandinavian System Development School and the usability approach have less current salience. Renewing our talk about use is essential to a participatory politics of information technology and will lead to clearer perception of the implications of letting new systems becoming primary media of social interaction.